While there are many variations of an Inelastic X-ray Scattering (IXS) spectrometer, the figure of merit is often the energy resolution and the throughput. As part of the LCLS-II-HE project, the DXS team is developing a hard X-ray IXS spectrometer with a resolution of 5 meV at 11.215 keV. The spectrometer relies on a so-called post-sample-collimation scheme, and this high degree of resolution comes with stringent precision and stability requirements. SHADOWOui is used to simulate the setup and analyze the tolerance of 4 optics’ axis (translation, pitch, yaw, roll) and the miscut angle of the channel-cut crystal of the design. The simulation indicates that a 5 meV resolution is achievable by ensuring stringent pitch and vertical translation tolerances. Furthermore, the simulation suggests that a miscut angle of 77 degrees, which necessitates high-quality crystal manufacturing, is optimal.
In this study, we manufactured a 460 mm long deformable mirror which has 28 channel-PZTs on the ellipse pre-figured mirror and flat back surfaces. We evaluated the LTP target ellipse shape measurement result and the "junction" effect by applying voltage to each electrode.
At Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory’s Advanced Light Source, we are developing x-ray wavefront sensors to support the creation and operation of beamlines with diffraction-limited quality. Our new approach to rapid, intermittent wavefront sensing operates in reflection at glancing incidence angles and is compatible with the high-power densities of modern beamlines. For soft x-ray applications especially, the wavefront sensor can operate upstream of the exit slit in a vertically dispersed beam. This single-shot technique supports lateral shearing interferometry and Hartmann wavefront sensing; it can be adapted to speckle-based techniques as well. The reflected beam is directed to an off-axis YAG crystal that produces scintillated visible light. A small mirror reflects the light to a microscope and camera, and the measured wavefront shape information can be used as feedback to adaptive x-ray mirror elements. A compact array of gratings enables measurement across a broad range of photon energies or wavefront curvatures. We describe recent demonstrations at soft x-ray and hard x-ray wavelengths measuring an adaptive x-ray mirror, and a toroidal focusing mirror.
PZT (lead zirconate titanate)-glued bimorph deformable mirrors are widely used in hard X-ray regimes, however, they have not yet been used in soft X-ray regimes because they are less compatible for usage under high vacuum. Therefore, we have developed a glue-free bimorph deformable mirror, in which silver nanoparticles were employed to bond PZT actuators to mirror substrates.
In this study, we manufactured a 400 mm long deformable mirror which has 30 channels on plane mirror surfaces. We evaluated the PZT response by applying voltage to each electrode.
PZT (lead zirconate titanate)-glued bimorph deformable mirrors are widely used in hard x-ray regimes[1], however, they have not yet been used in soft X-ray regimes because they are less compatible for usage under high vacuum. Therefore, we have developed a glue-free bimorph deformable mirror, in which silver nanoparticles were employed to bond PZT actuators to mirror substrates[2]. In this study, we achieved a 2 nm figure error on an elliptical shape of a glue-free deformable mirror. We evaluated the figure change characteristics due to humidity and temperature increasing at the ultrafine figure error condition.
PZT-glued bimorph deformable mirrors are widely used in hard X-ray regimes; however, they haven’t been used in soft X-ray regimes because they are less compatible for usage under high vacuum. Therefore we have developed a glue-free bimorph deformable mirror, in which silver nano-particles were employed to bond PZT actuators to mirror substrates. However at long type, precise shape control had been hard since its mirror size was longer than PZT plate length whose gap between each PZT enevitablly existed. These gap area cannot be bended.
In this study, we developed deformable mirror using triangle shaped PZT which aim is to reduce gap effect even at long mirror. At the simulation result, the gap effect would be reduced to be under 0.01 nm even at maximum bending.
Also, vacuum tests of PZT glue-free bimolph mirror were also conducted. The final degree of vacuum obtained 9×10-8 Pa that was same as background level.
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