Dr. Paul R. Spyak Profile

Dr. Paul R. Spyak

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Publications (14)

Proceedings Article | 15 October 2012 Paper

Seven deadly radiometry mistakes

Paul Spyak

Proceedings Volume 8483, 848303 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.929939

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Solids, Radiometry, Black bodies, Infrared radiation, Calibration, Reflectivity, Radiative transfer, Visible radiation, Aluminum

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Proceedings Article | 7 September 2006 Paper

Improved Mie theory scatter model for particulate contamination that conserves energy and obeys reciprocity

David Jenkins, Eric Fest, Rex Kremer, Paul Spyak

Proceedings Volume 6291, 62910Q (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.681173

KEYWORDS: Particles, Data modeling, Mirrors, Contamination, Atmospheric modeling, Mie scattering, Backscatter, Spherical lenses, Ray tracing, Reflectivity

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Proceedings Article | 28 December 1999 Paper

Solar-radiation-based calibration in the range 740 to 2400 nm

Stuart Biggar, Kurtis Thome, Paul Spyak, Edward Zalewski

Proceedings Volume 3870, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.373190

KEYWORDS: Calibration, Radiometry, Diffusers, Sensors, Transmittance, Short wave infrared radiation, Lamps, Bidirectional reflectance transmission function, Sun, Aerosols

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Proceedings Article | 28 December 1999 Paper

Radiometric measurement comparisons using transfer radiometers in support of the calibration of NASA's Earth Observing System (EOS) sensors

James Butler, B. Carol Johnson, Steven Brown, Howard Yoon, Robert Barnes, Brian Markham, Stuart Biggar, Edward Zalewski, Paul Spyak, John Cooper, Fumihiro Sakuma

Proceedings Volume 3870, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.373186

KEYWORDS: Radiometry, Optical spheres, Calibration, Integrating spheres, Short wave infrared radiation, Sensors, Satellites, Infrared radiation, Lamps, Remote sensing

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EOS satellite instruments operating in the visible through the shortwave infrared wavelength regions (from 0.4 micrometer to 2.5 micrometer) are calibrated prior to flight for radiance response using integrating spheres at a number of instrument builder facilities. The traceability of the radiance produced by these spheres with respect to international standards is the responsibility of the instrument builder, and different calibration techniques are employed by those builders. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA's) Earth Observing System (EOS) Project Science Office, realizing the importance of preflight calibration and cross-calibration, has sponsored a number of radiometric measurement comparisons, the main purpose of which is to validate the radiometric scale assigned to the integrating spheres by the instrument builders. This paper describes the radiometric measurement comparisons, the use of stable transfer radiometers to perform the measurements, and the measurement approaches and protocols used to validate integrating sphere radiances. Stable transfer radiometers from the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the University of Arizona Optical Sciences Center Remote Sensing Group, NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, and the National Research Laboratory of Metrology in Japan, have participated in these comparisons. The approaches used in the comparisons include the measurement of multiple integrating sphere lamp levels, repeat measurements of select lamp levels, the use of the stable radiometers as external sphere monitors, and the rapid reporting of measurement results. Results from several comparisons are presented. The absolute radiometric calibration standard uncertainties required by the EOS satellite instruments are typically in the plus or minus 3% to plus or minus 5% range. Preliminary results reported during eleven radiometric measurement comparisons held between February 1995 and May 1998 have shown the radiance of integrating spheres agreed to within plus or minus 2.5% from the average at blue wavelengths and to within plus or minus 1.7% from the average at red and near infrared wavelengths. This level of agreement lends confidence in the use of the transfer radiometers in validating the radiance scales assigned by EOS instrument calibration facilities to their integrating sphere sources.

SPIE Journal Paper | 1 February 1999

Thermal-infrared field radiometer for vicarious cross-calibration: characterization and comparisons with other field instruments

Michael Sicard, Paul Spyak, Gerard Brogniez, Michel Legrand, Nader Abuhassan, Christophe Pietras, Jean Buis

OE, Vol. 38, Issue 02, (February 1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.602094

KEYWORDS: Radiometry, Calibration, Temperature metrology, Black bodies, Sensors, Mirrors, Signal detection, Transmittance, Remote sensing, Signal to noise ratio

Proceedings Article | 8 October 1998 Paper

Intercomparisons of reflectance measurements

Patricia Barnes, Edward Early, B. Carol Johnson, James Butler, Carol Bruegge, Stuart Biggar, Paul Spyak, Milutin Pavlov

Proceedings Volume 3425, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.326663

KEYWORDS: Bidirectional reflectance transmission function, Reflectivity, Aluminum, Remote sensing, Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, Standards development, Sensors, Radio optics, Optical testing, Statistical analysis

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Proceedings Article | 18 September 1997 Paper

Errors in laboratory measurements resulting from atmospheric absorption near 1380 nm

Paul Spyak, John LaMarr, Kurtis Thome

Proceedings Volume 3117, (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.278922

KEYWORDS: Absorption, Transmittance, Humidity, Monochromators, Atmospheric optics, Atmospheric modeling, Temperature metrology, Directed energy weapons, Sensors, Radio optics

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Proceedings Article | 18 September 1997 Paper

Characterization of a thermal-infrared field radiometer

Michael Sicard, Paul Spyak

Proceedings Volume 3117, (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.278925

KEYWORDS: Radiometry, Calibration, Black bodies, Temperature metrology, Optical filters, Sensors, Signal detection, Signal to noise ratio, Mirrors, Electronic filtering

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Proceedings Article | 18 September 1997 Paper

Verification and characterization of an autotracking solar radiometer

John LaMarr, Kurtis Thome, Paul Spyak

Proceedings Volume 3117, (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.283812

KEYWORDS: Radiometry, Absorption, Short wave infrared radiation, Sensors, Radio optics, Aerosols, Transmittance, Atmospheric modeling, Atmospheric particles, Remote sensing

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Proceedings Article | 9 January 1995 Paper

In-flight radiometric calibration of ASTER by reference to well-characterized scenes

Philip Slater, Stuart Biggar, Kurtis Thome, David Gellman, Paul Spyak

Proceedings Volume 2317, (1995) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.198956

KEYWORDS: Calibration, Sensors, Reflectivity, Radiometry, Image acquisition, Aerosols, Radiative transfer, Cameras, Sensor calibration, Atmospheric particles

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 August 1992

Scatter from particulate-contaminated mirrors. part 4: properties of scatter from dust for visible to far-infrared wavelengths

Paul Spyak, William Wolfe

OE, Vol. 31, Issue 08, (August 1992) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/12.58711

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Bidirectional reflectance transmission function, Particles, Surface roughness, Infrared radiation, Visible radiation, Information technology, Chlorine, Optics manufacturing, Coating

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 August 1992

Scatter from particulate-contaminated mirrors. part 3: theory and experiment for dust and λ=10.6 μm

Paul Spyak, William Wolfe

OE, Vol. 31, Issue 08, (August 1992) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/12.58710

KEYWORDS: Particles, Mirrors, Information technology, Bidirectional reflectance transmission function, Refractive index, Diffraction, Scatter measurement, Infrared radiation, Mie scattering, Dielectric polarization

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 August 1992

Scatter from particulate-contaminated mirrors. part 2: theory and experiment for dust and λ=0.6328 μm

Paul Spyak, William Wolfe

OE, Vol. 31, Issue 08, (August 1992) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/12.58709

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Particles, Information technology, Bidirectional reflectance transmission function, Refractive index, Atmospheric particles, Mie scattering, Polarization, Light scattering, Particle sizing

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 August 1992

Scatter from particulate-contaminated mirrors. part 1: theory and experiment for polystyrene spheres and λ=0.6328 μm

Paul Spyak, William Wolfe

OE, Vol. 31, Issue 08, (August 1992) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/12.58708

KEYWORDS: Particles, Mirrors, Bidirectional reflectance transmission function, Optical spheres, Information technology, Spherical lenses, Light scattering, Mie scattering, Scattering, Contamination

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Showing 5 of 14 publications

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