Current protocols to revert time evolutions of quantum systems suffer either from low success probabilities, or from not being universal - they require knowledge about the evolving state, its evolution, or the interaction through which the evolution is reverted.
We overcome these limitations, and demonstrate a novel universal time-reversal protocol by implementing it on a photonic platform using a quantum SWITCH. The schemes universality is verified and a clear quantum advantage with respect to the optimal classical stragegy is shown through running the protocol on a large parameter set and reverting a photons' polarization state with an average state fidelity of over 95%.
Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are able to confine single charges on the nanoscale in all three dimensions of space, making them excellent systems for exploring quantum phenomena. In particular, QDs have demonstrated outstanding performance as sources of entangled and indistinguishable photon pairs, properties highly desired in the fields of quantum communication and -information processing. Here I report on the advances of QDs as potential resources for photonic quantum networks, which allow to overcome the fundamental range limitations of single photon-based applications. After an introduction to the underlying mechanisms of entangled photon pair generation, I demonstrate several building blocks of quantum networks, with quantum key distribution as a prime application.
Less than ten years ago it was realized that quantum theory permits the existence of processes which do not have a defined causal order. To date, several experiments have confirmed the existence of one such process, called the quantum SWITCH, in which it is impossible to say which of two parties acts first. This has since spawned a new field of research on quantum processes with an indefinite causal order. Building on a mathematical analogy to entanglement certification, various methods to quantify the lack of a causal order have been proposed and demonstrated. These characterization techniques range from playing specially designed games to the measurement of a so-called causal witness. Despite these promising strategies, there has not yet been a complete characterization of the quantum SWITCH and no measurement of its process fidelity. Here we present a new protocol to perform causal tomography which we carry out using a novel implementation of the quantum SWITCH, based on time-bin qubits in optical fiber. Our new implementation is readily scalable to more than two parties and, hence, could be used to observe the scaling advantages of certain quantum games. Using this platform, we perform the first measurement of the process fidelity of the quantum SWITCH.
Over the last decades, the combination of quantum computing and machine learning has opened many possibilities, for example enhancing machine learning algorithms through quantum platforms. However, one of the current challenges consists in combining the linear unitary evolution of closed quantum systems with the nonlinearity required by neural networks, which are currently the most widely used and versatile machine learning algorithms. This issue can now be addressed by a novel photonic tool, the quantum memristor,1 which displays a nonlinear behavior, while preserving quantum coherence, through a weak controlled interaction of its input state with the environment. Here, we show how its operation can be extended to deal with higher frequency modulations of the input and, possibly, with a simplification in its scheme. This method can prove useful for the future implementation of memristor-based quantum neural networks.
Current protocols to revert time evolutions of quantum systems suffer either from low success probabilities, or from not being universal - they require knowledge about the evolving state, its evolution, or the interaction through which the evolution is reverted.
We overcome these limitations, and demonstrate a novel universal time-reversal protocol by implementing it on a photonic platform using a quantum SWITCH. The schemes universality is verified and a clear quantum advantage with respect to the optimal classical stragegy is shown through running the protocol on a large parameter set and reverting a photons' polarization state with an average state fidelity of over 95%.
We introduce a quantum token scheme that relies neither on quantum memories nor on space-time constraints. While this is achieved by limiting the flexibility, our protocol still exhibits interesting advantages. Among them is the capability of enhancing the protection against screen monitoring while retaining user privacy. To show that our protocol is secure even in realistic scenarios, we implemented it utilising an asymmetric SPDC source.
Quantum cryptography can provide security guarantees against adversaries with unlimited computational power, which motivates research towards a quantum internet. However, widely used Poisson-distributed sources limit the maximal security level and communication rate of such quantum networks. This can be overcome by quantum dot single-photon sources. We show that quantum dots provide additional security benefits based on the tunability of number state coherence. We identify the optimal quantum dot setting for the main quantum-cryptographic primitives and benchmark their performance. Our work is extended by results on network-based blind quantum computing with classical clients, which will make secure quantum computing more accessible.
The precise quantum control of single photons, together with the intrinsic advantage of being mobile make optical quantum system ideally suited for delegated quantum information tasks, reaching from well-established quantum cryptography to quantum clouds and quantum computer networks.
Here I present that the exploit of quantum photonics allows for a variety of quantum-enhanced data security for quantum and classical computers. The latter is based on feasible hybrid classical-quantum technology, which shows promising new applications of readily available quantum photonics technology for complex data processing. As outlook I will discuss technological challenges for the scale up of photonic quantum computers, and our group’s current work for addressing some of those.
This talk presents recent experimental demonstrations that use integrated nanophotonic processors for various quantum computations such as quantum machine learning and in particular reinforcement learning, where agents interact with environments by exchanging signals via a communication channel. We show that this exchange allows boosting the learning of the agent. Another experiment underlines the feasibility of such photonic integrated processors for a homomorphically-encrypted quantum walk computation. This secure quantum computation exploits path- and polarization as degrees-of-freedom for encrypting the input and output of the photonic processor. As last demonstration I will present counter-intuitive quantum communication tasks that are linked to the Zeno effect. As outlook I will discuss technological challenges for the scale up of photonic quantum computers, and our group’s current work for addressing some of those.
As the field of artificial intelligence is pushed forward, the question arises of how fast autonomous machines can learn. Within artificial intelligence, an important paradigm is reinforcement learning, where agents - learning entities capable of decision making - interact with the world they are placed in, called an environment. Thanks to these interactions, agents receive feedback from the environment and thus progressively adjust their behaviour to accomplish a given goal. An important question in reinforcement learning is how fast agents can learn to fulfill their tasks. To answer this question we consider a novel reinforcement learning framework where quantum mechanics is used. In particular, we quantize the agent and the environment and grant them the possibility to also interact quantum-mechanically, that is, by using a quantum channel for their communication. We demonstrate that this feature enables a speed-up in the agent's learning process, and we further show that combining this scenario with classical communication enables the evaluation of such an improvement. This learning protocol is implemented on an integrated re-programmable photonic platform interfaced with photons at telecommunication wavelengths. Thanks to the full tunability of the device, this platform proves the best candidate for the implementation of learning protocols, where a continuous update of the learning process is required.
The precise quantum control of single photons, together with the intrinsic advantage of being mobile make optical quantum system ideally suited for delegated quantum information tasks, reaching from well-established quantum cryptography to quantum clouds and quantum computer networks.
Here I will present that the exploit of quantum photonics allows for a variety of quantum-enhanced data security for quantum and classical computers. First, I will present a homomorphic-encrypted quantum random walk using single-photon states and non-birefringent integrated optics. The client encrypts their input state in the photons’ polarization degree of freedom, while the server performs the computation using the path degree of freedom. Then I will briefly discuss the realization of a feasible hybrid classical-quantum technology, which shows promising new applications of readily available quantum photonics technology for secure classical computing by enabling probabilistic one-time programs.
In the emerging field of quantum information technology the two basic subfields are quantum communication
and quantum computation. Photonic qubits are considered as most promising information carriers for this
new technology due to the immense advantage of suffering negligible decoherence. Additionally, the very small
photon-photon interactions can be replaced by inducing effective nonlinearities via measurements which allow for
the implementation of crucial two-qubit gate operations. Although the spontaneous parametric down-conversion
gives access to the generation of highly entangled few-photon states, such as four-qubit cluster states which
allow to demonstrate the new concept of the one-way quantum computer, its applicability is highly limited
due to the poor scaling of the simultaneous emission of more than one-entangled photon pair. Therefore of
particular interest is the reversible mapping of qubits from photon states to atomic states. This might allow
the implementation of photonic quantum repeaters for long-distance quantum communication or the generation
of arbitrary multi-photon states as required for linear-optics quantum computing. Thus for the realization of
such a quantum network several approaches for achieving the required quantum control between matter and
photons have been studied during the past few years. Recent experiments demonstrating the generation of
narrow-bandwidth single photons using a room-temperature ensemble of 87Rb atoms and electromagnetically
induced transparency should emphasize the progress towards such a quantum network.
Quantum metrology utilizes nonclassical states (of light) to
outperform the accuracy limits of its classical counterpart. We
demonstrate the relevance of photon number Fock states and
polarization entanglement for the experimental realization of
interferometric quantum metrology applications.
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