Prof. Rainer Michalzik Profile

Prof. Rainer Michalzik

Group Leader at Univ Ulm

SPIE Involvement:

Conference Program Committee | Author | Editor

Publications (75)

Proceedings Article | 20 May 2022 Poster + Paper

3D indirect time-of-flight imaging employing transmission electroabsorption modulators

Markus Miller, Bedouin Sassiya, Susanne Menzel, Karl Joachim Ebeling, Rainer Michalzik

Proceedings Volume 12136, 121360Y (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2620458

KEYWORDS: Modulators, Modulation, Image sensors, Cameras, Imaging systems, Stereoscopic cameras, Receivers, 3D image processing, Time of flight imaging

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Proceedings Article | 9 August 2021 Presentation + Paper

Integrated spin-lasers for ultrafast polarization modulation

Natalie Jung, Markus Lindemann, Tobias Pusch, Rainer Michalzik, Martin Hofmann, Nils Gerhardt

Proceedings Volume 11805, 118050W (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2594560

KEYWORDS: Spin dynamics, Spintronics, Photons, Polarization, Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Etching, Birefringence, Ultrafast phenomena, Modulation, Reflectivity, Picosecond phenomena, Optical communications

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Proceedings Article | 20 June 2021 Presentation + Paper

Indirect time-of-flight 3D imaging using large-area transmission modulators

Markus Miller, Alexandar Savic, Bedouin Sassiya, Susanne Menzel, Karl Joachim Ebeling, Rainer Michalzik

Proceedings Volume 11788, 117880G (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2594081

KEYWORDS: Modulators, Modulation, Quantum wells, Image sensors, Stereoscopy, Sensors, Imaging systems, 3D imaging standards, Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Phase shift keying

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Proceedings Article | 5 March 2021 Presentation + Paper

Investigations on polarization dynamics of birefringent spin-VCSELs

Natalie Jung, Markus Lindemann, Tobias Pusch, Mohammad Farooq Hashib, Prishila Hoti, Pierluigi Debernardi, Rainer Michalzik, Martin Hofmann, Nils Gerhardt

Proceedings Volume 11704, 117040T (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2577488

KEYWORDS: Polarization, Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Modulation, Birefringence, Data communications, Temperature metrology, Data centers

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Proceedings Article | 20 August 2020 Presentation + Paper

Manipulation of birefringence in spin-VCSELs

Tobias Pusch, Markus Lindemann, Natalie Jung, Nils Gerhardt, Martin Hofmann, Rainer Michalzik

Proceedings Volume 11470, 114702K (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2567336

KEYWORDS: Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Birefringence, Polarization, Etching, Semiconductors, Semiconducting wafers, Confocal microscopy, Reflection

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Proceedings Article | 20 August 2020 Presentation + Paper

Intensity and polarization dynamics in ultrafast birefringent spin-VCSELs

Markus Lindemann, Natalie Jung, Markus Burghard, Tobias Pusch, Gaofeng Xu, Igor Žutić, Dan Birkedal, Rainer Michalzik, Martin Hofmann, Nils Gerhardt

Proceedings Volume 11470, 114702H (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2567628

KEYWORDS: Polarization, Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Birefringence, Ultrafast phenomena, Modulation, Telecommunications, Quantum wells, Picosecond phenomena, Spintronics, Spin dynamics, Spin polarization

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Proceedings Article | 10 April 2020 Paper

Investigation of the polarization state in spin-VCSELs with thermally tuned birefringence

Natalie Jung, Markus Lindemann, Pascal Stadler, Tobias Pusch, Rainer Michalzik, Martin Hofmann, Nils Gerhardt

Proceedings Volume 11356, 113560M (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2555395

KEYWORDS: Polarization, Birefringence, Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Modulation, Data centers, Switching, Bistability, Photonics

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Proceedings Article | 1 April 2020 Presentation + Paper

Integrated surface gratings in VCSELs for high birefringence splitting

Tobias Pusch, Pierluigi Debernardi, Markus Lindemann, Natalie Jung, Nils Gerhardt, Martin Hofmann, Rainer Michalzik

Proceedings Volume 11356, 113560L (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2554703

KEYWORDS: Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Birefringence, Polarization, Etching, 3D modeling, Photonics, Atomic force microscopy, Semiconducting wafers, Reactive ion etching, Data transmission

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Proceedings Article | 30 March 2020 Presentation + Paper

Large-area transmission modulators for 3D time-of-flight imaging

Markus Miller, Hongwang Xia, Mina Beshara, Susanne Menzel, Karl Joachim Ebeling, Rainer Michalzik

Proceedings Volume 11351, 113511F (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2553473

KEYWORDS: Modulators, Modulation, Quantum wells, Distance measurement, Gallium arsenide, Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Demodulation, 3D image processing, Image sensors, Time of flight imaging, 3D-TOF imaging

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Proceedings Article | 26 February 2019 Presentation + Paper

VENUS: a comprehensive electro-thermo-opto VCSEL simulator

Alberto Tibaldi, Francesco Bertazzi, Michele Goano, Markus Daubenschüz, Rainer Michalzik, Pierluigi Debernardi

Proceedings Volume 10912, 109120G (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2515301

KEYWORDS: Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Venus, Quantum wells, Oxides, Computer simulations, Thermal modeling, Gallium arsenide, Doping, Systems modeling

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Proceedings Article | 9 May 2018 Paper

Spin lasers for optical data communication

Markus Lindemann, Tobias Pusch, Rainer Michalzik, Nils Gerhardt, Martin Hofmann

Proceedings Volume 10682, 1068205 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2306464

KEYWORDS: Polarization, Birefringence, Dichroic materials, Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Modulation, Data communications, Laser optics, Optical pumping, Ultrafast phenomena, Optical interconnects

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For short-haul optical interconnects, state-of-the-art technology are vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). To transmit data, direct current modulation is used. The corresponding intensity modulation resonance frequency is determined by design and material parameters of the laser and therefore practically limited to a few tens of GHz. To overcome this limitation, an alternative approach is the utilization of spin-VCSELs. In this case, the information carrier is no longer represented by the intensity, but instead by the polarization. The polarization can be controlled by the carrier spin. The birefringence in the cavity has the strongest impact on the polarization modulation resonance frequency. This can be explained by the generation of resonant polarization oscillations in the circular polarization degree in a spin-VCSEL. The circular polarization is composed of the two orthogonal linearly polarized cavity modes. The electromagnetic fields emitted from the two modes are coupled in phase by birefringence and in amplitude by dichroism. However, dependent on the birefringence in the cavity, their frequencies may differ. Spin pumping, i.e., circularly polarized optical pumping pulses, causes the fact that both modes become active. This results in an oscillation of the circular polarization degree of the emitted light, representing the polarization dynamics resonance frequency of the spin-VCSEL device. We demonstrate that the birefringence can be manipulated in actual VCSEL devices over a broad tuning range. Employing this parameter tuning, we demonstrate a polarization dynamics resonance frequency of 89 GHz, which is much faster than currently obtained intensity dynamics resonance frequencies. Not only the maximum frequency, but also the amplitude of the polarization effects should be optimized. An important factor for the amplitude damping is the dichroism, which represents the difference in the gain of the two orthogonal modes. We investigate the influence of birefringence on dichroism and the polarization oscillation amplitude.

Proceedings Article | 9 May 2018 Paper

Thermally-induced birefringence in VCSELs: approaching the limits

Tobias Pusch, Sebastian Scherübl, Markus Lindemann, Nils Gerhardt, Martin Hofmann, Rainer Michalzik

Proceedings Volume 10682, 1068219 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2306215

KEYWORDS: Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Birefringence, Polarization, Modulation, Scanning electron microscopy, Semiconductor materials, Metals, Photonics, Semiconducting wafers, Polarizers

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Proceedings Article | 9 May 2018 Paper

Optical manipulation of current confinement in VCSELs with an external laser beam

Sven Bader, Mohamed Elattar, Philipp Gerlach, Rainer Michalzik

Proceedings Volume 10682, 1068218 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2306239

KEYWORDS: Photons, Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Optical manipulation, Absorption, Phototransistors

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Proceedings Article | 19 February 2018 Paper

Demonstrating ultrafast polarization dynamics in spin-VCSELs

Markus Lindemann, Tobias Pusch, Rainer Michalzik, Nils Gerhardt, Martin Hofmann

Proceedings Volume 10552, 1055209 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2289560

KEYWORDS: Polarization, Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Modulation, Ultrafast phenomena, Birefringence, Streak cameras, Picosecond phenomena, Temporal resolution, Spectrum analysis, Imaging systems

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Proceedings Article | 19 February 2018 Paper

Electrical birefringence tuning of VCSELs

Tobias Pusch, Markus Lindemann, Nils Gerhardt, Martin Hofmann, Rainer Michalzik

Proceedings Volume 10552, 105520A (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2295917

KEYWORDS: Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Birefringence, Polarization, Transducers, Etching, Modulation, Photonics, Piezoelectric effects, Gallium arsenide, Ultrafast phenomena

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Proceedings Article | 19 September 2017 Paper

High-frequency polarization dynamics in spin-lasers: pushing the limits

Nils Gerhardt, Markus Lindemann, Tobias Pusch, Rainer Michalzik, Martin Hofmann

Proceedings Volume 10357, 103572F (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2272972

KEYWORDS: Polarization, Modulation, Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Birefringence, Modes of laser operation, Ultrafast phenomena, Transmitters, Optical communications, Telecommunications, Spin dynamics, Spintronics

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Proceedings Article | 25 February 2017 Paper

Investigations on polarization oscillation amplitudes in spin-VCSELs

Markus Lindemann, Tobias Pusch, Rainer Michalzik, Nils Gerhardt, Martin Hofmann

Proceedings Volume 10122, 101220O (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2252490

KEYWORDS: Spin dynamics, Polarization, Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Modulation, Birefringence, Polarization control, Optical interconnects, Data transmission, Switching, Picosecond phenomena, Dichroic materials, Ultrafast phenomena

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Proceedings Article | 26 September 2016 Paper

Frequency tuning of polarization oscillations in spin-lasers

Markus Lindemann, Nils Gerhardt, Martin Hofmann, Tobias Pusch, Rainer Michalzik

Proceedings Volume 9931, 993149 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2237566

KEYWORDS: Polarization, Birefringence, Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Modulation, Roads, Electro optical modeling, Streak cameras, Metals, Geometrical optics, Dichroic materials

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Proceedings Article | 26 September 2016 Paper

High-frequency operation of spin vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers: towards 100 GHz

Nils Gerhardt, Markus Lindemann, Tobias Pusch, Rainer Michalzik, Martin Hofmann

Proceedings Volume 9931, 99310C (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2237163

KEYWORDS: Polarization, Modulation, Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Birefringence, Ultrafast phenomena, Optical interconnects, Polonium, Picosecond phenomena, Fourier transforms, Nanoimprint lithography

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Proceedings Article | 28 April 2016 Paper

Parameter extraction from temperature-dependent light-current-voltage data of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers

Markus Daubenschüz, Rainer Michalzik

Proceedings Volume 9892, 98920R (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2228080

KEYWORDS: Laser marking, Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Resistance, Modulation, Data modeling, Thermal modeling, Continuous wave operation, Data communications, Temperature metrology, Pulsed laser operation, Tantalum, Semiconductor lasers

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Proceedings Article | 28 April 2016 Paper

VCSELs with optically controlled current confinement: experiments and analysis

Sven Bader, Philipp Gerlach, Rainer Michalzik

Proceedings Volume 9892, 989208 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2228090

KEYWORDS: Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Optical switching, Phototransistors, Absorption, Modes of laser operation, Quantum wells, Integrated optics, Reflectors

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Proceedings Article | 28 April 2016 Paper

Birefringence tuning of VCSELs

Tobias Pusch, Marwan Bou Sanayeh, Markus Lindemann, Nils Gerhardt, Martin Hofmann, Rainer Michalzik

Proceedings Volume 9892, 989222 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2228091

KEYWORDS: Strain analysis, Polarization, Metals, Thermal effects, Ultrafast phenomena, Photonics, Modulation, Photography, Optical testing

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Proceedings Article | 28 April 2016 Paper

Birefringent vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers: toward high-speed spin-lasers

Nils Gerhardt, Markus Lindemann, Tobias Pusch, Rainer Michalzik, Martin Hofmann

Proceedings Volume 9892, 989206 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2229356

KEYWORDS: Polarization, Birefringence, Polarization, Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Modulation, Birefringence, Ultrafast phenomena, Semiconductor lasers, Optical communications, Modes of laser operation, Laser damage threshold, Data communications

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Spin-polarized vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (spin-VCSELs) provide novel opportunities to overcome several limitations of conventional, purely charge-based semiconductor lasers. Presumably the highest potential lies in the spin-VCSEL's capability for ultrafast spin and polarization dynamics which can be significantly faster than the intensity dynamics in conventional devices. By injecting spin-polarized carriers, these coupled spin-photon dynamics can be controlled and utilized for high-speed applications. While relaxation oscillations provide insights in the speed and direct modulation bandwidth of conventional devices, resonance oscillations in the circular polarization degree step in for the spin and polarization dynamics in spin-VCSELs. These polarization oscillations can be generated using pulsed spin injection and achieve much higher frequencies than the conventional intensity relaxation oscillations in these devices. Furthermore polarization oscillations can be switched on and off and it is possible to generate short polarization pulses, which may represent an information unit in polarization-based optical communication. The frequency of polarization oscillations is mainly determined by the birefringence-induced mode splitting between both orthogonal linearly polarized laser modes. Thus the polarization modulation bandwidth of spin-VCSELs can be increased by adding a high amount of birefringence to the cavity, for example by incorporating mechanical strain. Using this technique, we could demonstrate tunable polarization oscillations from 10 to 40 GHz in AlGaAs-based 850nm VCSELs recently. Furthermore a birefringence-induced mode splitting of more than 250 GHz could be demonstrated experimentally. Provided that this potential for ultrafast dynamics can be fully exploited, birefringent spin-VCSELs are ideal devices for fast short-haul optical interconnects. In this paper we review our recent progress on polarization dynamics of birefringent spin-VCSELs and investigate numerically how ultrafast polarization oscillations can be utilized for data communication using simulations based on the spin-flip model.

Proceedings Article | 28 April 2016 Paper

Frequency tuning of polarization oscillations in spin-polarized vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers

Markus Lindemann, Tobias Pusch, Rainer Michalzik, Nils Gerhardt, Martin Hofmann

Proceedings Volume 9892, 989224 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2229358

KEYWORDS: Polarization, Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Birefringence, Modulation, Semiconductor lasers, Ultrafast phenomena, Data communications, Polarization control, Data transmission, Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Birefringence, Nanoimprint lithography

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Proceedings Article | 4 March 2016 Paper

Influence of birefringence splitting on ultrafast polarization oscillations in VCSELs

Markus Lindemann, Nils Gerhardt, Martin Hofmann, Tobias Pusch, Rainer Michalzik

Proceedings Volume 9766, 97660L (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2212413

KEYWORDS: Birefringence, Polarization, Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Ultrafast phenomena, Modulation, Electroluminescent displays, Electro optical modeling, Laser damage threshold, Data transmission, Neodymium

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Proceedings Article | 8 September 2015 Paper

Controlled switching and frequency tuning of polarization oscillations in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers

Markus Lindemann, Henning Höpfner, Nils Gerhardt, Martin Hofmann, Tobias Pusch, Rainer Michalzik

Proceedings Volume 9551, 95512Z (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2197970

KEYWORDS: Polarization, Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Switching, Birefringence, Picosecond phenomena, Ultrafast phenomena, Switches, Spintronics, Modulation, Electroluminescent displays

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Proceedings Article | 3 September 2015 Paper

Towards high-frequency operation of polarization oscillations in spin vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers

Markus Lindemann, Henning Höpfner, Nils Gerhardt, Martin Hofmann, Tobias Pusch, Rainer Michalzik

Proceedings Volume 9551, 95512O (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2197969

KEYWORDS: Polarization, Birefringence, Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Ultrafast phenomena, Modulation, Spintronics, Electroluminescent displays, Optical interconnects, Electro optical modeling, Micropositioners

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Proceedings Article | 4 March 2015 Paper

Ultrafast polarization dynamics with controlled polarization oscillations in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers

Markus Lindemann, Henning Höpfner, Nils Gerhardt, Martin Hofmann, Tobias Pusch, Rainer Michalzik

Proceedings Volume 9381, 93810I (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2076920

KEYWORDS: Polarization, Birefringence, Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Ultrafast phenomena, Temperature metrology, Electroluminescent displays, Modulation, Polarization control, Magnetism, Electro optical modeling

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Proceedings Article | 8 May 2014 Paper

Simultaneous optical manipulation of multiple particles inside microfluidic channels using one rectangular-shaped VCSEL

Marwan Bou Sanayeh, Anna Bergmann, Rainer Michalzik

Proceedings Volume 9129, 91292O (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2051610

KEYWORDS: Particles, Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Microfluidics, Optical tweezers, Optical manipulation, Biomedical optics, Objectives, Light sources, Near field, Near field optics

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Proceedings Article | 2 May 2014 Paper

Electro-thermal characteristics of VCSELs: simulations and experiments

Markus Daubenschuez, Philipp Gerlach, Rainer Michalzik

Proceedings Volume 9134, 91342H (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2052895

KEYWORDS: Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Scattering, Data modeling, Semiconductors, Systems modeling, Temperature metrology, Quantum wells, Thermal modeling, Heterojunctions, Optical simulations

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Proceedings Article | 15 May 2012 Paper

Hybrid integration approach of VCSELs for miniaturized optical deflection of microparticles

Anna Bergmann, Niazul Islam Khan, Jose Antonio Martos Calahorro, Dietmar Wahl, Rainer Michalzik

Proceedings Volume 8432, 843204 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.922610

KEYWORDS: Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Microfluidics, Particles, Integrated optics, Optical tweezers, Etching, Laser welding, Optical manipulation, Metals, Indium

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Proceedings Article | 15 May 2012 Paper

VCSELs with two-sided beam emission for pressure sensor applications

Balthasar Fischer, Andreas Strodl, Alexander Hein, Ernst Wintner, Rainer Michalzik

Proceedings Volume 8432, 843206 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.922486

KEYWORDS: Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Sensors, Fabry–Perot interferometers, Antireflective coatings, Gallium arsenide, Polarization, Reflectivity, Quantum wells, Semiconductor lasers, Beam splitters

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Proceedings Article | 8 May 2012 Paper

Towards a laser-integrated module for marker-free sorting of micrometer-sized particles in microfluidic channels

Wolfgang Schwarz, Anna Bergmann, Antonio Jorge Márquez del Pino, Dietmar Wahl, Dieter Rimpf, Timo Mappes, Rainer Michalzik

Proceedings Volume 8427, 84270U (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.922632

KEYWORDS: Microfluidics, Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Mirrors, Resonators, Etching, Particles, Polymers, Dielectrics, Diffusion, Gold

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Proceedings Article | 7 February 2012 Paper

Bidirectional multimode fiber interconnection

Rainer Michalzik, Alexander Kern, Dietmar Wahl

Proceedings Volume 8276, 82760I (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.910485

KEYWORDS: Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Data transmission, Transceivers, Palladium, Multimode fibers, Photodiodes, Eye, Optical fibers, Gallium arsenide, Etching

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Proceedings Article | 28 April 2010 Paper

High-power single-higher-order-mode VCSELs for optical particle manipulation

Abdel-Sattar Gadallah, Anna Bergmann, Rainer Michalzik

Proceedings Volume 7720, 77201Y (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.854319

KEYWORDS: Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Particles, Polarization, Etching, Optical manipulation, Microfluidics, Quantum wells, Crystals, Singular optics, Optical tweezers

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Proceedings Article | 27 April 2010 Paper

Monolithic integration of VCSELs and PIN photodiodes for bidirectional data communication over standard multimode fibers

Alexander Kern, Dietmar Wahl, Mohammad Haidar, Bo Liu, Wolfgang Schwarz, Rudolf Rösch, Rainer Michalzik

Proceedings Volume 7720, 77200B (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.854547

KEYWORDS: Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Transceivers, Etching, Photodetectors, Absorption, Quantum efficiency, Data transmission, Gallium arsenide, Multimode fibers, PIN photodiodes

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Proceedings Article | 27 April 2010 Paper

Polarization-stable single-mode VCSELs for Cs-based MEMS atomic clock applications

Ahmed Al-Samaneh, Simeon Renz, Andreas Strodl, Wolfgang Schwarz, Dietmar Wahl, Rainer Michalzik

Proceedings Volume 7720, 772006 (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.853181

KEYWORDS: Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Modulation, Atomic clocks, Diffraction gratings, Microelectromechanical systems, Polarization, Microwave radiation, Cesium, Radium, Microsystems

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Proceedings Article | 16 February 2010 Paper

True bidirectional optical interconnects over multimode fiber

Rainer Michalzik, Alexander Kern, Martin Stach, Fernando Rinaldi, Dietmar Wahl

Proceedings Volume 7607, 76070B (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.844119

KEYWORDS: Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Optical fibers, Transceivers, Photodiodes, Eye, Data transmission, Palladium, Multimode fibers, Signal detection, Modulation

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Proceedings Article | 7 February 2009 Paper

VCSEL-based optical trapping for microparticle manipulation

Rainer Michalzik, Andrea Kroner, Anna Bergmann, Fernando Rinaldi

Proceedings Volume 7229, 722908 (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.810154

KEYWORDS: Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Particles, Microfluidics, Optical tweezers, Microlens, Integrated optics, Glasses, Near field optics, Biomedical optics, Beam shaping

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Proceedings Article | 8 May 2008 Paper

Oblong-shaped VCSELs with pre-defined mode patterns

Abdel-Sattar Gadallah, Andrea Kroner, Ihab Kardosh, Fernando Rinaldi, Rainer Michalzik

Proceedings Volume 6997, 69971R (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.781099

KEYWORDS: Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Refractive index, Etching, Oxides, Mirrors, Optical manipulation, Semiconductor lasers, Resistance, Numerical analysis, Laser damage threshold

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Proceedings Article | 23 April 2008 Paper

Application of vertical-cavity laser-based optical tweezers for particle manipulation in microfluidic channels

Andrea Kroner, Carolin Schneck, Fernando Rinaldi, Rudolf Rösch, Rainer Michalzik

Proceedings Volume 6988, 69881R (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.781242

KEYWORDS: Particles, Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Microfluidics, Optical tweezers, Glasses, Integrated optics, Laser sources, Laser optics, Scattering, Oxides

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Proceedings Article | 5 March 2008 Paper

VCSEL polarization control by monolithic surface gratings: a survey of modelling and experimental activities

Pierluigi Debernardi, Johannes Michael Ostermann, Rainer Michalzik

Proceedings Volume 7009, 700903 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.793289

KEYWORDS: Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Polarization, Optical design, Dichroic materials, Diffraction gratings, Polarization control, Oxides, Etching, Modulation, Dielectric polarization

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Proceedings Article | 29 January 2008 Paper

Polarization-stable monolithic VCSELs

Rainer Michalzik, Johannes Ostermann, Pierluigi Debernardi

Proceedings Volume 6908, 69080A (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.771142

KEYWORDS: Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Polarizers, Picosecond phenomena, Polarization, Oxides, Optical isolators, Optical communications, Polarization control, CCD cameras, Halogens

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Proceedings Article | 17 May 2007 Paper

Oxygen measurements at high pressures using a low-cost polarisation-stabilized widely tunable vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser

Benjamin Scherer, Jürgen Wöllenstein, Matthias Weidemüller, Wenzel Salzmann, Johannes Michael Ostermann, Fernando Rinaldi, Rainer Michalzik

Proceedings Volume 6589, 658908 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.722031

KEYWORDS: Oxygen, Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Absorption, Dielectric polarization, Polarization, Temperature metrology, Switches, Reflectivity, Mirrors, Switching

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Proceedings Article | 7 February 2007 Paper

Monolithic integration of VCSELs and MSM photodiodes for bidirectional multimode fiber communications

Rainer Michalzik, Martin Stach, Fernando Rinaldi, Steffen Lorch

Proceedings Volume 6484, 648409 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.715078

KEYWORDS: Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Data transmission, Photodiodes, Tolerancing, Transceivers, Eye, Palladium, Gallium arsenide, Modulation, Aluminum

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Proceedings Article | 21 April 2006 Paper

Investigation of polarization properties of VCSELs subject to optical feedback from an extremely short external cavity

Mikel Arizaleta Arteaga, Heiko Unold, Johannes Ostermann, Rainer Michalzik, Manuel López-Amo, Hugo Thienpont, Krassimir Panajotov

Proceedings Volume 6185, 61850Z (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.662081

KEYWORDS: Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Polarization, Bistability, Mirrors, Modulation, Switching, Refractive index, Reflectivity, Laser resonators, Thermal optics

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Proceedings Article | 21 April 2006 Paper

760 nm high-performance VCSEL growth and characterization

Fernando Rinaldi, Johannes Ostermann, Andrea Kroner, Michael Riedl, Rainer Michalzik

Proceedings Volume 6185, 61850X (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.662839

KEYWORDS: Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Polarization, Gallium arsenide, Oxygen, Absorption, Quantum wells, Gallium, Reflectivity, Aluminum, Luminescence

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Proceedings Article | 21 April 2006 Paper

Toward more efficient fabrication of high-density 2D VCSEL arrays for spatial redundancy and/or multi-level signal communication

Hendrik Roscher, Philipp Gerlach, Faisal Nadeem Khan, Andrea Kroner, Martin Stach, Alexander Weigl, Rainer Michalzik

Proceedings Volume 6185, 61850V (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.662121

KEYWORDS: Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Modulation, Eye, Multimode fibers, Signal generators, Near field optics, Near field, Silicon, Transmitters, Oxidation

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Proceedings Article | 21 April 2006 Paper

Monolithically integrated transceiver chips for bidirectional optical interconnection

Martin Stach, Manikandan Chandran, Fernando Rinaldi, Steffen Lorch, Ihab Kardosh, Hendrik Roscher, Philipp Gerlach, Rainer Michalzik

Proceedings Volume 6185, 61850Q (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.662819

KEYWORDS: Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Optical fibers, Transceivers, Data transmission, Photodiodes, Gallium arsenide, Optical interconnects, Eye, Tolerancing, Metals

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Proceedings Article | 20 April 2006 Paper

Complex coupled distributed feedback laser monolithically integrated with electroabsorption modulator and semiconductor optical amplifier at 1.3μm wavelength

Philipp Gerlach, Martin Peschke, Thomas Wenger, Brem Saravanan, Christian Hanke, Steffen Lorch, Rainer Michalzik

Proceedings Volume 6183, 61831J (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.661878

KEYWORDS: Absorption, Modulation, Modulators, Metals, Semiconductor lasers, Semiconductor optical amplifiers, Quantum wells, Waveguides, Optical testing, Heatsinks

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Proceedings Article | 14 April 2006 Paper

Novel concepts of vertical-cavity laser-based optical traps for biomedical applications

Andrea Kroner, Johanna May, Ihab Kardosh, Fernando Rinaldi, Hendrik Roscher, Rainer Michalzik

Proceedings Volume 6191, 619112 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.662458

KEYWORDS: Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Particles, Optical tweezers, Microlens, Integrated optics, Atmospheric particles, Oxides, Objectives, Spherical lenses, Near field optics

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Proceedings Article | 14 April 2006 Paper

Optimization of polarization-stable single- and multi-mode surface grating VCSELs towards high fabrication tolerance and superior performance

Johannes Michael Ostermann, Pierluigi Debernardi, Rainer Michalzik

Proceedings Volume 6184, 618410 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.661632

KEYWORDS: Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Polarization, Diffraction gratings, Diffraction, Quantum efficiency, Crystals, Polarization control, Mirrors, Reflection, Reflectivity

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Proceedings Article | 8 September 2004 Paper

Optical feedback from extremely short external cavity in VCSEL

Mikel Arizaleta, Miren Camarena, Heiko Unold, Johannes Ostermann, Rainer Michalzik, Hugo Thienpont, Krassimir Panajotov

Proceedings Volume 5453, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.545071

KEYWORDS: Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Modulation, Polarization, Picosecond phenomena, Mirrors, Reflection, Reflectivity, Semiconductor lasers, Phase shift keying, Switches

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Proceedings Article | 8 September 2004 Paper

Polarization-controlled monolithic oxide-confined VCSELs

Rainer Michalzik, Johannes Ostermann, Pierluigi Debernardi, Christof Jalics, Andrea Kroner, Martin Feneberg, Michael Riedl

Proceedings Volume 5453, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.554945

KEYWORDS: Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Polarization, Etching, Gallium arsenide, Polarization control, Mirrors, Optical design, Crystals, Dielectric polarization, Oxides

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Proceedings Article | 8 September 2004 Paper

Toward redundant 2D VCSEL arrays for optical datacom

Hendrik Roscher, Rainer Michalzik

Proceedings Volume 5453, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.544867

KEYWORDS: Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Indium, Resistance, Standards development, Silicon, Optical interconnects, Gallium arsenide, Fiber couplers, Optical arrays, Oxidation

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Proceedings Article | 16 June 2004 Paper

Monolithic polarization control of multimode VCSELs by a dielectric surface grating

Johannes Ostermann, Pierluigi Debernardi, Christof Jalics, Andrea Kroner, Martin Feneberg, Michael Riedl, Rainer Michalzik

Proceedings Volume 5364, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.528237

KEYWORDS: Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Polarization, Crystals, Etching, Dielectric polarization, 3D modeling, Mirrors, Polarization control, Switches, Oxides

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Proceedings Article | 25 March 2004 Paper

Simulation of current spreading in bottom-emitting vertical cavity surface emitting lasers for high-power operation

Craig Angelos, Steven Hinckley, Rainer Michalzik, Vincent Voignier

Proceedings Volume 5277, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.522899

KEYWORDS: Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Oxides, Resistance, Optical simulations, High power lasers, Mirrors, Computer simulations, Quantum wells, Gallium arsenide, Oxidation

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Proceedings Article | 8 December 2003 Paper

Recent progress in short-wavelength VCSEL-based optical interconnections

Rainer Michalzik, Hendrik Roscher, Martin Stach, Dieter Wiedenmann, Michael Miller, Jes Broeng, Anders Petersson, Niels Mortensen, Harald Simonsen, Erhard Kube

Proceedings Volume 5248, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.513896

KEYWORDS: Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Free space optics, Optical interconnects, Multimode fibers, Photonic crystal fibers, Data transmission, Transmitters, Eye, Resistance, Modulation

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Proceedings Article | 17 June 2003 Paper

Comparison of approaches to 850-nm 2D VCSEL arrays

Martin Grabherr, Steffan Intemann, Roland Jager, Roger King, Rainer Michalzik, Hendrik Roscher, Dieter Wiedenmann

Proceedings Volume 4994, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.475739

KEYWORDS: Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Modulation, Glasses, Gallium arsenide, Heatsinks, Temperature metrology, Transceivers, Eye, Reliability, Metals

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Proceedings Article | 17 June 2003 Paper

Polarization behavior and mode structure of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with elliptical surface relief

Krassimir Panajotov, Miren Camarena, Maria-Cristina Moreno, Heiko Unold, Rainer Michalzik, Hugo Thienpont, Jan Danckaert, Irina Veretennicoff, Guy Verschaffelt

Proceedings Volume 4994, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.475729

KEYWORDS: Polarization, Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Crystals, Refractive index, Picosecond phenomena, Mirrors, Etching, Anisotropy, Lithium, Quantum wells

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Proceedings Article | 29 August 2002 Paper

Design and communication applications of short-wavelength VCSELs

Rainer Michalzik, Felix Mederer, Hendrik Roscher, Martin Stach, Heiko Unold, Dieter Wiedenmann, Roger King, Martin Grabherr, Erhard Kube

Proceedings Volume 4905, (2002) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.481017

KEYWORDS: Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Free space optics, Waveguides, Data transmission, Transmitters, Data communications, Modulation, Polymer multimode waveguides, Polymers, Receivers

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Proceedings Article | 4 June 2002 Paper

Single-mode VCSELs

Heiko Unold, Sawat Mahmoud, Roland Jaeger, Matthias Golling, Max Kicherer, Felix Mederer, Michael Riedl, T. Knoedl, Michael Miller, Rainer Michalzik, Karl Ebeling

Proceedings Volume 4649, (2002) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.469237

KEYWORDS: Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Etching, Polarization, Photonic crystals, Resistance, Switches, Modulation, Mirrors, Oxides, Reflectivity

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Proceedings Article | 8 November 2001 Paper

VCSEL arrays for CMOS integrated optical interconnect systems

Rainer Michalzik, Roger King, Roland Jaeger, Steffen Mueller, Karl Ebeling

Proceedings Volume 4534, (2001) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.448006

KEYWORDS: Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Modulation, Optoelectronics, Gallium arsenide, Field programmable gate arrays, Integrated optics, Silicon, Photography, Transmitters, Etching

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 July 2001

Short-wavelength vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser applications: from high-throughput multimode fiber links to two-dimensional interchip interconnections

Rainer Michalzik, Roger King, Felix Mederer, Max Kicherer, Giorgio Giaretta, Karl Ebeling

OE, Vol. 40, Issue 07, (July 2001) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.1384883

Proceedings Article | 4 May 2001 Paper

32-VCSEL-channel CMOS-based transmitter module for Gb/s data rates

Roger King, Rainer Michalzik, Roland Jaeger, Karl Ebeling, Richard Annen, Hans Melchior

Proceedings Volume 4286, (2001) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.424799

KEYWORDS: Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Transmitters, Modulation, Optical interconnects, Optoelectronics, Eye, Photography, Integrated optics, Optoelectronic devices, Semiconductor lasers

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Proceedings Article | 27 April 2000 Paper

VCSEL arrays for 10-Gb/s multimode fiber optical interconnects

Rainer Michalzik, Roger King, Giorgio Giaretta, Roland Jaeger, Karl Ebeling

Proceedings Volume 3952, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.384391

KEYWORDS: Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Data transmission, Phase only filters, Multimode fibers, Optical interconnects, Signal attenuation, Optical fibers, Data communications, Local area networks, Chemical elements

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Proceedings Article | 6 August 1999 Paper

Modeling and application of VCSELs for optical interconnection

Rainer Michalzik, Roger King, Dieter Wiedenmann, Peter Schnitzer, Karl Ebeling

Proceedings Volume 3625, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.356894

KEYWORDS: Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Modulation, Tin, Silicon, Ions, Oxides, Data transmission, Single mode fibers, Optical interconnects, Capacitance

Proceedings Article | 29 April 1999 Paper

64-channel flip-chip-mounted selectively oxidized GaAs VCSEL array for parallel optical interconnects

Christian Jung, Roger King, Roland Jaeger, Martin Grabherr, Franz Eberhard, Rudolf Roesch, Ulrich Martin, Dieter Wiedenmann, Heiko Unold, Rainer Michalzik, Karl Ebeling

Proceedings Volume 3627, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.347096

KEYWORDS: Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Silicon, Gallium arsenide, Packaging, Data transmission, Optical interconnects, Beam steering, Metals, Optical arrays, Free space optics

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Proceedings Article | 14 April 1999 Paper

Infrared light-emitting diodes with lateral outcoupling taper for high extraction efficiency

Wolfgang Schmid, Franz Eberhard, Markus Schauler, Martin Grabherr, Roger King, Michael Miller, Eckard Deichsel, G. Stareev, Ulrich Martin, Roland Jaeger, J. Joos, Rainer Michalzik, Karl Ebeling

Proceedings Volume 3621, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.344478

KEYWORDS: Light emitting diodes, Mirrors, Ray tracing, Reflectivity, Quantum efficiency, Reflection, Gold, Infrared radiation, Semiconductors, Resistance

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Proceedings Article | 13 April 1999 Paper

2D VCSEL arrays for chip-level optical interconnects

Roger King, Rainer Michalzik, Dieter Wiedenmann, Roland Jaeger, Peter Schnitzer, T. Knoedl, Karl Ebeling

Proceedings Volume 3632, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.344625

KEYWORDS: Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Modulation, Optical interconnects, Mirrors, Laser damage threshold, Quantum efficiency, Data transmission, Sensors, Optical arrays, Transmitters

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Proceedings Article | 22 June 1998 Paper

Progress in high-power VCSELs and arrays

Rainer Michalzik, Martin Grabherr, Roland Jaeger, Michael Miller, Karl Ebeling

Proceedings Volume 3419, 34190P (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.311008

KEYWORDS: Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, High power lasers, Oxides, Continuous wave operation

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Proceedings Article | 22 May 1998 Paper

Highly efficient oxide-confined VCSEL arrays for parallel optical interconnects

Christian Jung, Roger King, Roland Jaeger, Martin Grabherr, Franz Eberhard, Rainer Michalzik, Karl Ebeling

Proceedings Volume 3490, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.308841

KEYWORDS: Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Gallium arsenide, Modulation, Quantum wells, Indium gallium arsenide, Quantum efficiency, Oxides, Optical arrays, Optical interconnects, Multimode fibers

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Proceedings Article | 20 April 1998 Paper

High-power VCSELs: modeling and experimental characterization

Rainer Michalzik, Martin Grabherr, Karl Ebeling

Proceedings Volume 3286, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.305461

KEYWORDS: Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Resistance, Oxides, Diffusion, Quantum wells, Quantum efficiency, Reflectors, Resonators, Temperature metrology, Copper

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Proceedings Article | 20 April 1998 Paper

Oxide-confined 2D VCSEL arrays for high-density inter/intra-chip interconnects

Roger King, Rainer Michalzik, Christian Jung, Martin Grabherr, Franz Eberhard, Roland Jaeger, Peter Schnitzer, Karl Ebeling

Proceedings Volume 3286, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.305445

KEYWORDS: Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Modulation, Quantum efficiency, Optical interconnects, Transmitters, CMOS technology, Oxides, Semiconductor lasers, Silicon, Multimode fibers

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Proceedings Article | 19 June 1995 Paper

Quasi-3D modeling of vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser operation

Rainer Michalzik, Karl Ebeling

Proceedings Volume 2399, (1995) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.212513

KEYWORDS: Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Reflectivity, Mirrors, Refractive index, Resonators, Diffusion, Quantum wells, Reflectors, Hole burning spectroscopy, Diffraction

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