Prof. Ralph Etienne-Cummings Profile

Prof. Ralph Etienne-Cummings

at Johns Hopkins Univ

SPIE Involvement:

Author

SPIE Journal Paper | 27 July 2017

Active phantoms: a paradigm for ultrasound calibration using phantom feedback

Alexis Cheng, Xiaoyu Guo, Haichong Zhang, Hyun Kang, Ralph Etienne-Cummings, Emad Boctor

JMI, Vol. 4, Issue 03, 035001, (July 2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JMI.4.3.035001

KEYWORDS: Calibration, Image segmentation, Transducers, Ultrasonography, Image quality, Robotics, Computer simulations, Imaging systems, Ferroelectric materials, Acoustics

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Proceedings Article | 12 May 2016 Paper

Enhanced visual perception through tone mapping

Andre Harrison, Linda Mullins, Adrienne Raglin, Ralph Etienne-Cummings

Proceedings Volume 9851, 98510U (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2230873

KEYWORDS: Image quality, Algorithm development, Visualization, High dynamic range imaging, Image compression, Associative arrays, Image analysis, Time multiplexed optical shutter, Information visualization, LCDs

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Proceedings Article | 20 July 2015 Paper

Active point out-of-plane ultrasound calibration

Alexis Cheng, Xiaoyu Guo, Haichong Zhang, Hyunjae Kang, Ralph Etienne-Cummings, Emad Boctor

Proceedings Volume 9415, 94150W (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2081662

KEYWORDS: Calibration, Ultrasonography, Transducers, Error analysis, Image processing, Image-guided intervention, Robotics, Image segmentation, Surgery, Image acquisition

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Proceedings Article | 3 March 2014 Paper

Photoacoustic active ultrasound element for catheter tracking

Xiaoyu Guo, Behnoosh Tavakoli, Hyun-Jae Kang, Jin Kang, Ralph Etienne-Cummings, Emad Boctor

Proceedings Volume 8943, 89435M (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2041625

KEYWORDS: Ultrasonography, Chemical elements, Visualization, Imaging systems, Photoacoustic spectroscopy, Semiconductor lasers, Signal detection, Control systems, Safety, Optical components

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Proceedings Article | 22 May 2007 Paper

Wireless address event representation system for biological sensor networks

Fopefolu Folowosele, Jonathan Tapson, Ralph Etienne-Cummings

Proceedings Volume 6592, 659205 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.723960

KEYWORDS: Neurons, Sensors, Gold, Signal to noise ratio, Interference (communication), Telecommunications, Receivers, Data communications, Sensor networks, Modulation

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We describe wireless networking systems for close proximity biological sensors, as would be encountered in artificial skin. The sensors communicate to a "base station" that interprets the data and decodes its origin. Using a large bundle of ultra thin metal wires from the sensors to the "base station" introduces significant technological hurdles for both the construction and maintenance of the system. Fortunately, the Address Event Representation (AER) protocol provides an elegant and biomorphic method for transmitting many impulses (i.e. neural spikes) down a single wire/channel. However, AER does not communicate any sensory information within each spike, other that the address of the origination of the spike. Therefore, each sensor must provide a number of spikes to communicate its data, typically in the form of the inter-spike intervals or spike rate. Furthermore, complex circuitry is required to arbitrate access to the channel when multiple sensors communicate simultaneously, which results in spike delay. This error is exacerbated as the number of sensors per channel increases, mandating more channels and more wires. We contend that despite the effectiveness of the wire-based AER protocol, its natural evolution will be the wireless AER protocol. A wireless AER system: (1) does not require arbitration to handle multiple simultaneous access of the channel, (2) uses cross-correlation delay to encode sensor data in every spike (eliminating the error due to arbitration delay), and (3) can be reorganized and expanded with little consequence to the network. The system uses spread spectrum communications principles, implemented with a low-power integrate-and-fire neurons. This paper discusses the design, operation and capabilities of such a system. We show that integrate-and-fire neurons can be used to both decode the origination of each spike and extract the data contained within in. We also show that there are many technical obstacles to overcome before this version of wireless AER can be practical.

Proceedings Article | 31 May 2005 Paper

On-chip normal flow computation with aperture problem compensation circuitry

Viktor Gruev, Ralph Etienne-Cummings

Proceedings Volume 5783, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.609531

KEYWORDS: Imaging systems, Transistors, Computer architecture, Sensors, Motion estimation, Image processing, Imaging arrays, Capacitors, Information visualization, Visualization

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Proceedings Article | 31 May 2005 Paper

ColorCam: a color-based object recognition camera

Ralph Etienne-Cummings, Philippe Pouliquen, M. Anthony Lewis

Proceedings Volume 5783, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.609469

KEYWORDS: Image segmentation, RGB color model, Analog electronics, Object recognition, Image processing, Cameras, Imaging systems, Silicon, Very large scale integration, Transistors

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Proceedings Article | 30 August 2004 Paper

A focal plane normal-flow measurement chip

Swati Mehta, Ralph Etienne-Cummings

Proceedings Volume 5406, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.544217

KEYWORDS: Image processing, Optical flow, Imaging arrays, Calibration, Cadmium sulfide, Analog electronics, Capacitors, Transistors, Velocity measurements, Imaging systems

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Proceedings Article | 10 October 2001 Paper

High-resolution focal plane image processing

Ralph Etienne-Cummings, Dmitrii Gruev, Mathew Clapp

Proceedings Volume 4369, (2001) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.445322

KEYWORDS: Image processing, Imaging systems, Convolution, Analog electronics, Transistors, Sensors, Motion detection, Capacitors, Cadmium sulfide, CMOS technology

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Proceedings Article | 17 November 2000 Paper

CPU-less robotics: distributed control of biomorphs

Ralph Etienne-Cummings, M. Anthony Lewis, Mitra Hartmann, Avis Cohen

Proceedings Volume 4109, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.409207

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Neurons, Oscillators, Robotics, Systems modeling, Very large scale integration, Animal model studies, Receptors, Capacitors, Control systems

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Proceedings Article | 27 July 1998 Paper

Architecture for distributed actuation and sensing using smart piezoelectric elements

Ralph Etienne-Cummings, Farzad Pourboghrat, Hari Maruboyina, Serge Abrate, Shirshak Dhali

Proceedings Volume 3329, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.316935

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Actuators, Clocks, Modulation, Control systems, Signal processing, Amplifiers, Ceramics, Vibration control, Very large scale integration

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Proceedings Article | 16 June 1995 Paper

Real-time visual target tracking: two implementations of velocity-based smooth pursuit

Ralph Etienne-Cummings, Paul Longo, Jan Van der Spiegel, Paul Mueller

Proceedings Volume 2488, (1995) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.211982

KEYWORDS: Retina, Motion detection, Motion measurement, Edge detection, Optical tracking, Very large scale integration, Target detection, Cameras, Sensors, Imaging systems

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Proceedings Article | 1 November 1990 Paper

Artificial neural networks: principles and VLSI implementation

Jan Van der Spiegel, Paul Mueller, David Blackman, Christopher Donham, Ralph Etienne-Cummings, Pervez Aziz, A. Choudhury, L. Jones, J. Xin

Proceedings Volume 1405, (1990) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.26307

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Showing 5 of 13 publications

Conference Committee Involvement (2)

Bioengineered and Bioinspired Systems

2 May 2007 | Maspalomas, Gran Canaria, Spain

Bioengineered and Bioinspired Systems

19 May 2003 | Maspalomas, Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain

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