A single shot, complete spatiotemporal measurement of the complex electric field E(x,y,z,t) emitted by a high power (>0.1 TW) laser is demonstrated for the first time. We generate movies of the laser's electric field E(x,y,z,t) before and after the chirped pulse amplification chain and examine the temporal, spectral, and spatial field features.
We demonstrate a novel algorithmic approach for second-harmonic-generation (SHG) frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG) that always converges and is also faster for complex pulses. It takes advantage of the Paley-Weiner Theorem for generating significantly better initial guesses. It also uses a multi-grid approach, which allows the algorithm to operate initially on smaller arrays for early iterations and only on the complete array for the final few iterations. We tested it on sets of twenty thousand noisy FROG traces and have achieved 100% convergence even for pulses with time-bandwidth products of 100.
We implemented a "multi-grid" scheme in frequency-resolved optical gating’s (FROG’s) generalized projections algorithm to boost pulse-retrieval speed for complex pulses. The multi-grid algorithm uses a set of coarser arrays, created from the original fine array, to provide an initial guess for an efficient retrieval from the much larger fine trace. Multi-grid is most needed by pulses with complex temporal profiles, which are best measured by cross-correlation FROG (XFROG) techniques. Applying multi-grid to XFROG, we reduced the retrieval time for complex pulses with TBPrms of 40 to 90 from their XFROG traces by factors of 7-10 for pulses.
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