An oscillatory characteristic of diffraction is observed during holographic recording period in an oxidized LiNbO3:Cr:Cu
crystal with 514 nm green light as the recording light and 390 nm UV light as the sensitizing light. The optimal
switching time from the recording step to the fixing step for high diffraction of a fixed hologram is studied. It is shown
that switching after the first diffraction maximum leads to higher fixed diffraction efficiency. The theoretical explanation
is presented according to time-space dynamic theory of the nonvolatile holographic recording in doubly-doped LiNbO3
crystals.
LiNbO3:Fe:Ru crystal is the effective recording media with high recording sensitivity for two-center recording, and the
physical mechanism for the high recording sensitivity is investigated theoretically and experimentally. The results show
that the energy level of Ru perhaps is closer to that of Fe than that of Mn in LiNbO3 crystal, the electrons in Ru center
can be excited more effectively into the conduction band in the same sensitizing conditions, which can induce the
improvement of the recording sensitivity. The recording sensitivity 0.044cm/J in LiNbO3:Fe:Ru crystal, which is ten
times larger than that obtained in LiNbO3:Fe:Mn reported early. However, the elevation of energy level of deep center
will induce that the electron excitation from deep center by the recording light become more effective, and the
persistence decreases with the recording sensitivity increase, the grating in Ru center can be erased by red light obviously.
In practical application people must take a trade off between the recording sensitivity and persistence.
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