In this work, double ring resonator is analyzed with a microfluidic channel, the coupling of light is observed from the bus waveguide to ring waveguide and then to bus waveguide. The light couples inside the ring for some duration of time that is till the length required to circulate inside the ring. The design is simulated in the Lumerical mode solutions, the light source of 1550nm is allowed to pass through the input port of the top bus waveguide. And the same light will be coupled into the ring waveguide and then enters through the bottom bus waveguide at port 3. The designed double ring resonator is placed on a SiO2, the ring and the bus waveguide is of the material silicon. The light couples from the bus waveguide initially and then couples with the ring waveguide. In the double ring resonator structure, the effective refractive index 3.4254 is observed and its group index of 3.5226. The effective index and the group index is calculated at the mode 5, where the light coupling is observed at the two ring waveguide. Later by placing a micro fluidic channel on top of the double ring waveguide the effective refractive index was 3.4168 and its group index was 3.5328. From the length and the FSR, the effective index of 3.4168 and the group index of 3.5328 was calculated, which is desired for the bio sensing application. Hence it was observed an increase in the group index indicates that the proposed design will be useful in bio sensing application and it can be further fabricated for a point of care devices.
In this work, silicon nitride (Si3N4) based fluidically tuned photonic crystal for a biosensing application is presented. The optical structure is designed on Si3N4 on insulator. The Si3N4 on insulator substrate is found to be one of the most promising materials for the design of bio- sensor at short wavelength. At short wavelength Si3N4 material is found to be most promising material for optical integrated circuits. The structure of the sensor consists of Silicon nitride input and output waveguides separated by a fluidically tuned photonic crystal. Fluidically tuned photonic crystal acts as a sensing region. The sensitivity is based on refractive index of fluidically tuned photonic crystal. The proposed sensor is designed to operate in the visible wavelength range of 660nm. Fluidically tuned photonic crystal consists of rectangular photonic crystal array. The holes of photonic crystal are approximately 160nm in diameter and height is 200nm. Organic light emitting diode is used as an optical source. OLED is coupled to input waveguide. The PDMS microfluidic channel is moulded on the rectangular photonic crystal structure. The structure is modelled and analysis is carried out by using Lumerical mode solution and Lumerical Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) simulation tools. Such devices if fabricated can be employed for early detection of various diseases related to pathological parameters.
A simulation and analysis of a ring resonator-based sensor are presented. The ring resonator structure has two bus waveguides and two rings with a gap between the ring and the ring and bus waveguide. The radius of each ring is designed to be 3.1 μm. The ring resonator is designed such that both rings exhibit resonance at 1550 nm, and it is analyzed at mid-infrared wavelengths between 1500 and 1600 nm. The guided signal is launched through the bus waveguide to determine spectral properties, such as free spectral range and quality (Q-) factor. An improved Q-factor is observed in the simulation results for the optimized design. The improved Q-factor allows us to analyze the ring resonator for use in sensing applications.
In this work, the device is integrated with two bus waveguides and three ring waveguides. The ring and the bus waveguide is designed with a width of 250nm and a height of 400nm is considered. The mid infrared wavelength of 1550nm is considered as an input source for the coupling of light from the bus waveguide to ring waveguide. The coupling between the three ring waveguides is also observed. The multimode coupling takes place in the configuration. The guided mode resonance at 1550nm is observed. The four ports are placed at the inputs and outputs of the bus waveguide. Here the three ring structure with the bus waveguide is analyzed for spectral properties, where quality factor is of main concern. If the structure has to be implemented for a lab-on-a-chip application, sensitivity plays an important role, which in turn is related to the quality factor. Hence the enhancement of the quality factor up to 3000 with three rings is achieved. Two rings are considered as sensing ring for various parameter analyses with one of the ring as reference ring. In the designed structure, the phase shift in the transmission spectrum is observed for the bio-sensing application. The sensor in the ring resonator is based on the refractive index change. The change in the refractive index of the surrounding medium will change the effective refractive index. Hence the effective refractive index along with the group index is monitored for the bio-sensing application. A thin layer on the surface of the waveguide is highly sensitive to refractive index change in the TM mode. The configuration is simulated using Lumerical FDTD as well as Lumerical Mode solutions. The integrated optical devices has a good platform in bio-sensing application, hence the designed configuration can be further incorporated for point of care device.
In this work, a ring resonator is designed and analyzed for the spectral properties. A ring and a bus waveguide is designed with a core width of 0.2μm and cladding width of 2μm respectively. The bus waveguide is designed with a height of 14.4μ, width of 2μm and a layer thickness of 900nm is considered. The structure is simulated with a wavelength of 1.55μm. The core refractive index of 2.5 and the cladding refractive index of 1.5 is considered in the design. The separation between the ring and bus waveguide considered in the design is 0.72μm. A perfect electric conductor is considered at the boundaries of the ring and the bus waveguide. The meshing of the structure is done, which involves the finite element method (FEM). The power at the input port is given as 1W. The coupling of the light in the core of the bus and ring waveguide is observed. Which will give a better limit of detection, and is required for biosensor. An increase in the transmittance is observed by reducing the radius of the ring, various ring circumference is considered for the analysis. A small ring structure is taken for consideration, as the smaller ring will be useful in the bio-sensing application, which can further be fabricated for a point of care devices.
In this work, a ring resonator is designed with two rings for the sensing application. The waveguide is designed with 400nm wide and 180nm high. Both the rings are designed with 3.1μm radius each. The straight waveguide couples with the ring at 1550nm wavelength. The mode profiles and the spectrum of resonances are observed at mid- infrared wavelength, 1550nm. The measurements of the mode profile, refractive index and spectral properties of the design facilitate to monitor and modify the optical properties of the ring resonator structure. The phase shift in the resonance is observed, which can be implemented in the design of the sensor based ring resonator. In sensing applications the small size of ring resonator plays an important role, the interaction length of ring resonator with few tens of centimeters or even longer gives better sensing performance. Ring resonator offers enhanced light intensity near its surface with the enhancement being proportional to the Q-factor, which is due to the circulating nature of the resonant light. The coupling between the straight waveguide and the ring at 1550nm wavelength and is simulated using Lumerical FDTD. In optical sensors, a thin layer is attached to one of the ring surface, to observe the phase shift in the resonance. Since the refractive index of the thin layer on top of the ring structure is different from the surrounding medium which is typically water based, a change of index happens at the surface of the sensor which is measured for detecting the presence of additional layer in the cover medium. Hence the ring resonator structure can be implemented for bio-sensing application.
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