Optical interrogation of cellular electrical activity is a crucial tool for understanding how cells function and communicate in complex networks. Scientists often use voltage-sensitive dyes to measure the excitability of cells, but these dyes can interfere with cellular function. Label-free techniques offer a way to measure electrical activity without using external probes. In this study, researchers found that second-harmonic generation from live cells is highly sensitive to changes in transmembrane potential by electrode control, making it a promising label-free approach to measure electrical activity in more complex cellular networks. This research provides a promising framework for a non-invasive label-free tool to measure electrical activity in cells.
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