Ultra-short pulse generation with saturable-absorber-free vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting-lasers (VECSELs) has raised significant interest in recent years due to the promises it holds for further peak-power scaling and cost-efficiency as well as for the design of more flexible, compact and simpler cavities. Although demonstrated for various devices, the self-mode-locking phenomenon in VECSELs still lacks a consistent explanation. Here, nonlinear lensing in a VECSEL gain chip as a possible mode-locking mechanism, directly measured via Z-scans at laser-relevant wavelengths, and the role of the microcavity resonance on the strength and dispersion of the Kerr nonlinearity are discussed. Furthermore, the impact on self-mode-locking is considered.
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