Mr. Thomas R. Else Profile

Thomas R. Else

PhD Candidate at Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute

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Publications (10)

SPIE Journal Paper | 5 June 2024 Open Access

Distribution-informed and wavelength-flexible data-driven photoacoustic oximetry

Janek Gröhl, Kylie Yeung, Kevin Gu, Thomas R. Else, Monika Golinska, Ellie V. Bunce, Lina Hacker, Sarah E. Bohndiek

JBO, Vol. 29, Issue S3, S33303, (June 2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JBO.29.S3.S33303

KEYWORDS: Education and training, Computer simulations, In vivo imaging, Blood, Tissues, Error analysis, Oximetry, Network architectures, Acoustics, Photoacoustic spectroscopy

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Proceedings Article | 13 March 2024 Presentation

Early radiotherapy response assessment using multi-scale photoacoustic imaging in breast cancer models

Thierry Lefebvre, Mariam-Eleni Oraiopoulou, Ellie Bunce, Monika Golinska, Thomas Else, Paul Sweeney, Lina Hacker, Steven Kupczak, Yi Cheng, Lisa Young, Sarah Bohndiek

Proceedings Volume PC12842, PC128420M (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3002821

KEYWORDS: Radiotherapy, Photoacoustic imaging, Tumor growth modeling, Breast cancer, Oxygenation, Multispectral imaging, Tomography, Visualization, Photoacoustic spectroscopy, Oxygen

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Proceedings Article | 13 March 2024 Presentation

Enabling longitudinal quantitative photoacoustic mesoscopy of vascular networks through image co-registration

Thierry Lefebvre, Paul Sweeney, Janek Gröhl, Lina Hacker, Emma Brown, Thomas Else, Mariam-Eleni Oraiopoulou, Algernon Bloom, David Lewis, Sarah Bohndiek

Proceedings Volume PC12842, PC128421G (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3002744

KEYWORDS: Image segmentation, Photoacoustic spectroscopy, Photoacoustic imaging, Mathematical optimization, Image processing algorithms and systems, Deformation, Image resolution, Education and training, Ear, Deep learning

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Proceedings Article | 13 March 2024 Presentation

The effects of skin tone on photoacoustic imaging: a healthy volunteer study

Thomas Else, Christine Loreno, Alice Groves, Amit Roshan, Sarah Bohndiek

Proceedings Volume PC12842, PC1284205 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3002540

KEYWORDS: Photoacoustic imaging, Skin, Photoacoustic spectroscopy, Oxygenation, Arteries, Tissue optics, Reproducibility, Optical sensing, Medical image reconstruction, Image restoration

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Proceedings Article | 13 March 2024 Poster

The international photoacoustic standardization consortium: on the path towards a standardized phantom for photoacoustic imaging

Lina Hacker, James Joseph, Ledia Lilaj, Srirang Manohar, Aoife Ivory, Ran Tao, Tom Else, Sarah Bohndiek

Proceedings Volume PC12842, PC128421Y (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3003056

KEYWORDS: Photoacoustic spectroscopy, Fabrication, Reproducibility, Copolymers, Optical properties, Imaging systems, Acoustics, Titanium dioxide, Polymers, Photoacoustic imaging

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SPIE Journal Paper | 20 December 2023 Open Access

Effects of skin tone on photoacoustic imaging and oximetry

Thomas R. Else, Lina Hacker, Janek Gröhl, Ellie V. Bunce, Ran Tao, Sarah E. Bohndiek

JBO, Vol. 29, Issue S1, S11506, (December 2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JBO.29.S1.S11506

KEYWORDS: Skin, Blood, Photoacoustic spectroscopy, Oxygenation, Monte Carlo methods, Tissue optics, Photoacoustic imaging, Oximetry, Image restoration, Reflectivity

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SignificancePhotoacoustic imaging (PAI) provides contrast based on the concentration of optical absorbers in tissue, enabling the assessment of functional physiological parameters such as blood oxygen saturation (sO2). Recent evidence suggests that variation in melanin levels in the epidermis leads to measurement biases in optical technologies, which could potentially limit the application of these biomarkers in diverse populations.AimTo examine the effects of skin melanin pigmentation on PAI and oximetry.ApproachWe evaluated the effects of skin tone in PAI using a computational skin model, two-layer melanin-containing tissue-mimicking phantoms, and mice of a consistent genetic background with varying pigmentations. The computational skin model was validated by simulating the diffuse reflectance spectrum using the adding-doubling method, allowing us to assign our simulation parameters to approximate Fitzpatrick skin types. Monte Carlo simulations and acoustic simulations were run to obtain idealized photoacoustic images of our skin model. Photoacoustic images of the phantoms and mice were acquired using a commercial instrument. Reconstructed images were processed with linear spectral unmixing to estimate blood oxygenation. Linear unmixing results were compared with a learned unmixing approach based on gradient-boosted regression.ResultsOur computational skin model was consistent with representative literature for in vivo skin reflectance measurements. We observed consistent spectral coloring effects across all model systems, with an overestimation of sO2 and more image artifacts observed with increasing melanin concentration. The learned unmixing approach reduced the measurement bias, but predictions made at lower blood sO2 still suffered from a skin tone-dependent effect.ConclusionPAI demonstrates measurement bias, including an overestimation of blood sO2, in higher Fitzpatrick skin types. Future research should aim to characterize this effect in humans to ensure equitable application of the technology.

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Proceedings Article | 9 March 2023 Presentation

Long-short-term-memory cells enable flexible deep learning-based photoacoustic oximetry

Kevin Gu, Kylie Yeung, Michael Doherty, Lina Hacker, Thomas Else, Sarah Bohndiek, Janek Gröhl

Proceedings Volume PC12379, PC123791H (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2650038

KEYWORDS: Photoacoustic spectroscopy, Data modeling, Oximetry, Tissue optics, In vivo imaging, Blood circulation, Tissues, Photoacoustic imaging, Performance modeling, Diagnostics

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Proceedings Article | 9 March 2023 Presentation

Photoacoustic imaging reveals differences in perfusion-limited hypoxia in murine breast cancer models

Lina Hacker, Thomas R. Else, Thierry Lefebvre, Paul Sweeney, Emma Brown, Sarah Bohndiek

Proceedings Volume PC12379, PC123791E (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2649357

KEYWORDS: Hypoxia, Tumors, Tumor growth modeling, Photoacoustic imaging, Breast cancer, Optoacoustics, Tomography, Resistance, Oxygen, Inflammation

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Proceedings Article | 9 March 2023 Presentation

PATATO: a Python Photoacoustic Tomography Analysis Toolkit

Thomas Else, Janek Gröhl, Lina Hacker, Sarah Bohndiek

Proceedings Volume PC12379, PC123790T (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2648830

KEYWORDS: Photoacoustic tomography, Photoacoustic spectroscopy, Reconstruction algorithms, Preclinical imaging, Photoacoustic imaging, Model-based design, Medical devices, Image restoration, Data processing, Data analysis

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Proceedings Article | 5 March 2021 Poster + Presentation

Evaluating the impact of melanin on spectral colouring in photoacoustic imaging

Thomas Else, Lina Hacker, Sarah Bohndiek

Proceedings Volume 11642, 116424M (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2577257

KEYWORDS: Photoacoustic imaging, Monte Carlo methods, Skin, Tissues, Tissue optics, Blood, Systems modeling, In vivo imaging, In vitro testing, Chromophores

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Showing 5 of 10 publications

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