Mr. William L. Brown Profile

William L. Brown

at US Army Dugway Proving Ground

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Publications (3)

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Proceedings Article | 10 May 2019 Paper

Instrumentation and capability status of the Dugway Proving Ground referee Lidar systems

Joshua Herron, Kori Moore, William Brown

Proceedings Volume 11007, 1100709 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2524842

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Dugway Proving Ground (DPG) is a U.S. Army test facility that conducts open-air field testing of systems used in defense against chemical and biological threats. The proving ground is geographically remote, covers 3,200 km² , and thus allow for large or energetic test events. The various test ranges are populated with a combination of standoff and point sensors that are used to benchmark the systems under test. Elastic-backscatter lidar systems are the primary active standoff referee system for aerosol releases. They provide detection, quantification, and location of aerosol plumes across the test grids. The majority of the lidar systems operate in the near infra-red at 1 or 1.5 μm with nominal ocular hazard distances (NOHD) that vary between 0 and 5.5 km. Lidar calibrations are conducted using the Active Standoff Chamber (ASC) and Joint Ambient Breeze Tunnel (JABT) test fixtures. The ASC is a large chamber with 3m apertures on both ends to allow standoff measurements coincident with point measurements collected inside. It confines the aerosol release via air curtains and is capable of maintaining a consistent aerosol concentration. The JABT is an openended tunnel with exhaust fans to draw released aerosols down its > 100 m length and allows the plume to actively develop in a manner similar to a field release. This mix of point sensors, lidars, and calibration and test facilities allow DPG to provide calibrated referee data for a variety of aerosol release test events.

Proceedings Article | 16 May 2018 Presentation + Paper

Development and calibration of an eye-safe elastic backscatter lidar for chemical and biological aerosol tracking

Joshua Herron, Michael Wojcik, George Lemire, William Brown, Kori Moore

Proceedings Volume 10629, 106290U (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2304684

KEYWORDS: LIDAR, Aerosols, Backscatter, Calibration, Standoff detection

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Dugway Proving Grounds (DPG) plays a key role in the open-air field-testing of systems used in defense against chemical and biological threats. The performance of systems under test are benchmarked against a suite of wellcharacterized point and standoff instrumentation. Elastic-backscatter lidar systems with large power-apertures operating at 1.06 μm provide standoff detection, quantification, and location of aerosol plumes. The accuracy and sensitivity these systems provide comes at the cost of a large NOHD (>5 km) which limits their utility. To this end, Space Dynamics Lab (SDL) developed an eye-safe system following system requirements from DPG. The system provides a standoff capability for field tests where a NOHZ and required PPE would be an undue burden. CELiS (Compact Eye-Safe Lidar System) is an elastic-backscatter lidar that operates at 1.57 μm, using a commercial 30 Hz Nd:YAG laser and OPO combination. The short pulse length and low repetition rate give the system an advantage in range resolution and daytime operation over a similarly sized system based on a fiber laser. CELiS uses LidarView, an SDL-developed lidar display package, for data acquisition and hardware control. The Joint Ambient Breeze Tunnel (JABT) is used to perform calibration and sensitivity measurements of the various lidar systems at DPG. The JABT provides confinement of an aerosol plume and allows for comparison of TSI APS (Aerodynamic Particle Sizer) concentrations to the lidar backscatter values over an extended period. CELiS was used to support a recent JABT test and the data analysis and performance results from the test are described.

Proceedings Article | 16 May 2018 Presentation + Paper

Remote sensing of chlorine using UV lidar at U.S. Army Dugway Proving Ground

James Pearson, George Lemire, William Brown, R. James Berry, Joshua Herron

Proceedings Volume 10629, 106290S (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2300263

KEYWORDS: LIDAR, Chlorine, Ultraviolet radiation, Clouds, Absorption, Sensors, Laser induced fluorescence, Aerosols, Remote sensing, Defense and security

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U.S. Army Dugway Proving Ground (DPG) is a major defense test range located in the remote west desert of Utah, USA. DPG is made up of various testing facilities, extensive test grids, and impact areas. DPG’s mission is testing for chemical and biological defense. Recently, a series of large-scale chlorine releases were held at DPG, known as the Jack Rabbit II test program. The purpose of the testing was to better define public safety parameters in the event of a large-scale chlorine release. DPG deployed 100s of point sensors to quantify the test events. Three single-wavelength UV lidar systems were also developed and deployed with the goal of providing a more overall picture of these events. This was an experimental effort using principles similar to Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) to estimate chlorine concentration and track clouds downrange. Lidar systems are typically configured with two wavelengths for DIAL measurements. As our effort was experimental and had very limited funds, we used on hand ND:YAG lasers at the 355 nm wavelength only. The second wavelength was later simulated from portions of the data in which no chlorine was present. The main assumption made in using only a single wavelength was that very limited aerosols and other types of chemicals would be mixed with the chlorine cloud. This single-wavelength approach was found to be an effective method for tracking absorbing chemical vapors. We obtained an overall picture of the test event and were able to estimate concentrations in post processing.

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