With the rapid development of high speed networks, such as Ethernet Passive Optical Network (EPON), traffic patterns
in access networks have evolved from traditional text-oriented service to the mixed text-, voice- and video- based
services, leading to so called "Triple Play". For supporting IPTV service in EPON access network infrastructure, in this
article we propose a novel IPTV program multiplex access system to EPON, which enables multiple IPTV program
source servers to seamlessly access to IPTV service access port of optical line terminal (OLT) in EPON. There are two
multiplex schemes, namely static multiplex scheme and dynamic multiplex scheme, in implementing the program
multiplexing. Static multiplex scheme is to multiplex all the IPTV programs and forward them to the OLT, regardless of
the need of end-users. While dynamic multiplex scheme can dynamically multiplex and forward IPTV programs
according to what the end-users actually demand and those watched by no end-user would not be multiplexed. By
comparing these two schemes, a reduced traffic of EPON can be achieved by using dynamic multiplex scheme,
especially when most end-users are watching the same few IPTV programs. Both schemes are implemented in our
system, with their hardware and software designs described.
In this article we present our new implementation of Real-time transport protocol (RTP) with its control protocol (RTCP) which enables the real-time delivery of continuous and interactive media over an emerging access network -Ethernet passive optical networks. RTP can provide end-to-end delivery service for data with real-time characteristics, such as interactive audio and video. While RTP is primarily designed to satisfy the needs of multiparticipant multimedia conferences, it is not limited to that particular application. Now we can use it for multimedia delivery over EPON, which represent the convergence of low-cost Ethernet equipment and low-cost fiber infrastructure, appear to be the best candidate for the next-generation access network. Ethernet passive optical networks are an emerging access network technology that provides a low-cost method of deploying optical access lines between a carrier's central office (co) and a customer site. RTP application designers are advised to avoid mechanisms that can only work in unicast mode and will not scale to larger number. Because of some characteristics of EPON architecture, we develop a new RTP which is suitable for this architecture.
KEYWORDS: Multiplexers, Switching, Video, Switches, Televisions, Multiplexing, Signal processing, Statistical multiplexing, Local area networks, Fiber to the x
There are two primary methods of transmitting signal of digital television to the home in China. The first one is HFC mode, which is widely used. The other is IPTV mode, which is emerging. In this paper, the scheme of digital television over Ethernet PON is proposed. There are several differences from this system to IPTV and Video over LAN: the real-time transmission of equal-bandwidth based on statistical multiplexing, channel switching based on multicast and IP CA system, etc.. And these are also the key techniques used in this system. The architecture of DTV over EPON system, the function of every component, the framing process and the multiplexing of Ethernet frame are described. The implementation procedure of the system is shown. The mechanism of channel switching using multicast technique is designed and realized. We also present the method of using static VLAN and IGMP snooping mechanism to implement statistical multiplexing on Ethernet layer, and put forward the concept of IP Conditional Access System and define it. An experimental system of DTV over EPON is set up and the experimental result is significant.
Anti-resonant reflecting photonic crystal structure is employed in vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) to achieve photon confinement in lateral direction. Such a design is promising in supporting large aperture single-mode emission. In the configuration, a hexagonal array of high-index cylinders which run vertically in the cladding region are introduced in the top of the VCSEL p-type DBR mirror region. The transverse modal property of the proposed structure, especially leakage loss, has been investigated. An optimum design for the minimum radiation loss while maintaining single-mode operation has been discussed in this paper.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
INSTITUTIONAL Select your institution to access the SPIE Digital Library.
PERSONAL Sign in with your SPIE account to access your personal subscriptions or to use specific features such as save to my library, sign up for alerts, save searches, etc.