EUV lithography has been desired as the leading technology for below Hp20nm. However, the source power, masks and resist materials still have critical issues for mass production. Especially in resist materials, RLS trade-off is the key issue. To overcome this issue, we are focusing on Organic & Inorganic Hard Mask as the bottom layer of EUV PR. Especially, Inorganic under layers (Si-HM) can perform not only as the lithographic performance enhancement layer for fine pitch, but also as the etching hard mask against bottom layer (spin on carbon : SOC). In this paper, we especially propose new approaches to achieve high resolution below hp16nm. The key points of our concepts are EUV-sensitive units of Si-HM. This new EUV sensitive Si-HM could resolve Hp14nm L/S pattern with wide DOF margin. It can also perform as the high universal materials in any development process (PTD & NTD) and any PR materials. Moreover, the latest Organic under layers developed for the advanced EUV CAR PR & Metal resist also will be discussed in the paper. From the Organic & Inorganic under layer material design, we will present new concepts to get high resolution in EUVL.
We have developed block co-polymers (BCPs) in which one of the blocks incorporates silicon and the other does not [1]. These materials provide access to BCPs with high Flory-Huggins interaction parameters (χ) and dry etch selectivity under reactive ion etching (RIE) conditions to provide Sub-20 nm patterns [2].
Recently we have investigated a hybrid chemo/grapho-epitaxy process that provides 20 nm and 10 nm full pitch patterning and we have transferred these patterns into useful substrates. This hybrid process produced 20 nm DSA with fewer defects with this material than the conventional chemo-epitaxial process. Cross-sectional scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) with electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) confirmed that the BCP features span the entire film thickness on hybrid process wafers [3]. We have now succeeded in demonstrating DSA with poly(4-methoxystyrene-block-4-trimethylsilylstyrene) (PMOST-b-PTMSS) aligned by guidelines comprised of cross linked poly(2-vinylpyridine) (Figure a). The process was demonstrated by cross-section analysis to produce features that span the entire BCP film thickness and the introduction of nitrogen into the guide line provides new evidence for the nature of the interaction between the guide lines and the BCP(Figure b).
We have also reported the DSA and pattern transfer of poly(5-vinyl-1,3-benzodioxole-block-pentamethyldisilylstyrene) (PVBD-b-PDSS) at 10 nm full pitch. However, in this case, the DSA involved a trade-off between perpendicularity and dislocation defects [4]. Improved brush materials that selectively graft to an etched Cr surface rather than etched imprint resist provide oriented and aligned 5 nm line-and-space patterns that cleanly traverse the full film thickness thickness (Figure c).
1. Bates C. M., et al. Science (2012), 338 (6108), 775.
2. Azarnouchea, L., et al. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B (2016) 34 (6), 061602/1-061602/10.
3. Blachut, G., et al. Chem. Mater (2016), 28 (24), 8951-8961.
4. Lane A. P., et al. ACS Nano (2017), 11 (8), 7656-i7665.
Directed Self-Assembly (DSA) process is one of the attractive processes for creating the very fine pitch pattern. In this technology, block-co-polymer is the key material to achieve a fine patterning. Many reports are published with Polystyrene-b-Polymethylmethacrylate (PS-b-PMMA) for DSA applications. But it is difficult to achieve the resolution below 10 nm with PS-b-PMMA because of its low chi value. Etching transfer of PS-b-PMMA is also the key issue due to the low etching selectivity between PS and PMMA during dry etching process. In this report, block-co-polymers that include a Si-containing monomer and an organic monomer were synthesized by living anionic polymerization to supply a high resolution and a high etching contrast. These polymers with a low polydispersity demonstrated lamella morphology that can be oriented by thermal annealing with a neutral surface treatment. The effects of underlayer and top-coat materials were investigated to control the block-co-polymer orientation. These block-co-polymers also achieve a high dry etching contrast.
The directed self-assembly (DSA) of block copolymers offers a promising route for scaling feature sizes below 20 nm. At these small dimensions, plasmas are often used to define the initial patterns. It is imperative to understand how plasmas interact with each block in order to design processes with sufficient etch contrast and pattern fidelity. Symmetric lamella forming block copolymers including, polystyrene-b-poly(methyl methacrylate) and several high-χ silicon-containing and tin-containing block copolymers were synthesized, along with homopolymers of each block, and exposed to various oxidizing, reducing, and fluorine-based plasma processes. Etch rate kinetics were measured, and plasma modifications of the materials were characterized using XPS, AES, and FTIR. Mechanisms for achieving etch contrast were elucidated and were highly dependent on the block copolymer architecture. For several of the polymers, plasma photoemissions were observed to play an important role in modifying the materials and forming etch-resistant protective layers. Furthermore, it was observed for the silicon- and tin-containing polymers that an initial transient state exists, where the polymers exhibit an enhanced etch rate, prior to the formation of the etch-resistant protective layer. Plasma developed patterns were demonstrated for the differing block copolymer materials with feature sizes ranging from 20 nm down to approximately 5 nm.
Neutral layer (NL) material is one of the key materials for aligning block-co-polymer (BCP). In this study, NLs were designed and investigated, which have the capability to enhance the photo-lithography performance, a good alignment performance of BCP, and reduce the defectivity after chemo-epitaxy process. In order to enhance the photo-lithography performance, some new polymers were prepared with chromophores to control n/k value and adhesive unit interacted with the photo resist. The surface energy of these materials was adjusted to the neutral for BCP by controlling the ratio of chromophore and adhesion unit. The defects were also investigated and achieved low defectivity by optimized materials. Since this material has the above properties, it shows a good perpendicularly alignment pattern of BCP and a photolithography performance.
Directed Self-Assembly (DSA) process is one of the attractive processes for creating the very fine pitch pattern.
Especially, the contact hole shrink processes with block-co-polymer (BCP) or polymer blend materials were attractive
processes for creating very small size hole patterns with better CD uniformity compare to general photo-lithography
patterning. In general contact hole shrink process, the pattern of Spin-on Carbon Hardmask (SOC) or the photo Resist
pattern created by Negative-Tone Development (NTD) process were selected for guide patterns. Since the alignment
property of BCP was affected by the surface of these guide materials, it is important to control the surface condition of
guide in order to obtain good shrunk contact hole patterns.
In this study, we will report the surface treatment materials to control the surface condition of guide patterns such as
SOC or NTD resist to achieve the better contact hole shrink performance. These materials were attached to guide pattern
surface and controlled the surface energy.
Negative Tone Development (NTD) process with ArF immersion has been developed for the next generation
lithography technology because it shows good resolution performance and process window for C/H and trench patterning.
Because of the etch requirement, tri-layer process has been used popularly. However, most of the Si-HM materials are
optimized for positive tone development process and most of them show poor lithography performance in NTD process.
In this paper, we study the behaviors of Si-HM for NTD process, develop new concepts and optimize the formulation of
Si-HM to match the resist for NTD process bellow N28 node device.
For the mass production of the advanced semiconductor device, the multi-layer process has been used for the essential
technique {photoresist/ silicon contained hard mask (Si-HM)/ spin-on-carbon-hardmask (SOC)}. Spin -on-Carbon
material plays a very important role during the etching process of substrates. The substrate etching process induces
severe pattern deformations (called wiggling) especially with fine line/space patterns. Therefore, both the high etching
resistances and the high wiggling resistance are demanded for SOC materials.
In this study, we investigated the etching performances with several SOC materials. We found that the relationships
between SOC properties and the resistance for wiggling generation. We will discuss the material design of novel SOC
for high wiggling resistance.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
INSTITUTIONAL Select your institution to access the SPIE Digital Library.
PERSONAL Sign in with your SPIE account to access your personal subscriptions or to use specific features such as save to my library, sign up for alerts, save searches, etc.