We review the progress of BDFA development for O-band amplification. Currently, BDFAs can provide up to 35 dB small signal gain, less than 5.5 dB noise figure, and up to 29 dBm output power over 1270-1360 nm. We discuss amplifier design issues including pump wavelength and bandwidth allocation, as well as components performance and availability. Recent transmission experiments including LAN-WDM and CWDM modules reach extension over the spooled fiber and installed cables will be presented. Future milestones in BDF/BDFA development would also be suggested. Since with the implementation of BDFAs the transmission over O-band would no longer be power budget limited, we will briefly discuss the options of chromatic dispersion compensation over O-band.
We present a high-power, semi-random Raman fiber laser (SRRFL) where the Stokes wavelengths are determined by discrete fiber Bragg gratings. Utilizing this configuration with Raman fiber, we achieved powers of 264, 181 and 154 Watts at 1480, 1690 and 1824 nm respectively, while with a standard coupler fiber we achieved 366, 265, 247 and 234 Watts at 1174, 1240, 1310 and 1390 nm respectively. The overall peak efficiency was greater than in a standard resonator despite a far simpler configuration and only slightly below the maximum reported for a cascaded Raman amplifier.
We developed a family of silica-based BDFAs operating over telecom O-band (1260-1360 nm). We demonstrated that 80 meters long single pump single stage amplifier can provide up to 19 dB gain, 20 dBm output power with 5 dB noise figure and 20% power conversion efficiency over 80 nm bandwidth (6-dB). The amplifier gain peak can be flexibly centered over 1305-1325 nm by pump wavelength selection. We designed simple BDFA operating over IEEE standardized part of the O-band (1272-1310 nm) and demonstrated that it can extend 425 Gb/s 400GBASE-LR8 transmission (eight 26.6 Gbaud/s PAM-4 channels) beyond 50 km of G.652 fiber.
We demonstrate 104 Watts of in-band output power from a cascaded Raman fiber laser operating around 1.7 μm with a spectral purity of over 90% operating in both continuous wave and pulsed regimes. Through the use of a filter fiber with its cutoff wavelength designed between the 6th and 7th Stokes orders, output above 1.8 μm is suppressed below threshold values. In the pulsed regime the laser produces output pulses ranging from 11.5 mJ pulses with 100 μs pulse width to 10 J pulses with 100 ms pulse width.
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