Accurate sample positioning and automatic sample operation can improve the performance of measuring instruments. A
Sub-millimeter servo system for sample positioning based on thresholding of defocused laser spot is proposed. The
effective laser spot image is extracted by thresholding of the light cone section on the sample surface. By estimating the
section area and centroid of the spot, the defocus status and position of the measured sample can be acquired. A focused
light cone at visible wavelength is cast onto the surface of sample, forming a marked laser spot as the indicator of the
measurement point. A CCD camera is used for visual imaging, and a high-precision three-dimensional motorized
translation stage is used for the accurate servo control. The marked spot is real-time monitored and processed in the
platform of LabVIEW. The Autonomous Thresholding Image-Processing Algorithm (ATIPA) is proposed to detect and
analyze the defocused marked spot, through which system creates a servo whereby accurate position control of the
sample can be achieved. The measurement point on the sample can be accurately located by computing the center
coordinates of the marked spot. And a focus function is implemented by measuring the size of defocused spot. This focus
function is then used within an improved climbing search algorithm to obtain the focused sample position via moving the
sample stage. Experimental results show that the system could measure the laser spot and control the sample in a robust,
repeatable way within reasonable errors. The accuracy of the sample autofocus reaches 0.1 mm.
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