For imaging, an ideal lens should give images with high-resolution across a large field-of-view (FOV). However, designing and manufacturing such lens is almost impossible due to the intrinsic properties of real materials. Fourier ptychography microscopy (FPM), a computational imaging method, attracts board interests as it improves over imperfections of a real objective. With the aid of computation, FPM can provide aberration-free, high-resolution images over a large FOV. However, its iterative reconstruction is non-convex and may not converge to a real solution. Moreover, its aberration correction algorithm does not work well under large aberrations. In this talk, I will present a new imaging method, termed analytical multiangle illumination microscopy (AMIM), that performs complex field reconstructions using all analytical methods. By using critical-angle and darkfield measurements, AMIM extracts the aberration and reconstructs the complex field in a purely analytical way. We show that AMIM works well with extremely large aberrations and can reconstruct the complex field in a non-iterative way.
KEYWORDS: Neural networks, Wavefronts, Coherence imaging, Biological imaging, Data modeling, Holography, Convolution, Super resolution, Image restoration, Education and training
Large-scale computational imaging can provide remarkable space-bandwidth product that is beyond the limit of optical systems. In coherent imaging (CI), the joint reconstruction of amplitude and phase further expands the information throughput and sheds light on label-free observation of biological samples at micro- or even nano-levels. The existing large-scale CI techniques usually require scanning/modulation multiple times to guarantee measurement diversity and long exposure time to achieve a high signal-to-noise ratio. Such cumbersome procedures restrict clinical applications for rapid and low-phototoxicity cell imaging. In this work, a complex-domain-enhancing neural network for large-scale CI termed CI-CDNet is proposed for various large-scale CI modalities with satisfactory reconstruction quality and efficiency. CI-CDNet is able to exploit the latent coupling information between amplitude and phase (such as their same features), realizing multidimensional representations of the complex wavefront. The cross-field characterization framework empowers strong generalization and robustness for various coherent modalities, allowing high-quality and efficient imaging under extremely low exposure time and few data volume. We apply CI-CDNet in various large-scale CI modalities including Kramers–Kronig-relations holography, Fourier ptychographic microscopy, and lensless coded ptychography. A series of simulations and experiments validate that CI-CDNet can reduce exposure time and data volume by more than 1 order of magnitude. We further demonstrate that the high-quality reconstruction of CI-CDNet benefits the subsequent high-level semantic analysis.
Digital refocusing is a key feature of Fourier ptychographic microscopy (FPM). It is currently performed by determining and removing the defocus aberration during the iterative phase retrieval process. We examine the feasibility of digitally refocusing an FPM image by numerically propagating the recovered complex FPM image after the phase retrieval process has been completed – in effect, disentangling the defocus correction process from the iterative phase retrieval process. If feasible, this type of postreconstruction digital refocusing can significantly reduce the FPM computational load and provide a quick and efficient way for refocusing microscopy images on the fly. We report that such an approach is infeasible for large defocus distances because the raw FPM dataset associated with a defocused sample is illconditioned for the FPM’s phase-retrieval process, and it will not output a complex-valued image that corresponds to any physically relevant image wavefront. When the defocus distance is small, the FPM can output an approximately correct image wavefront. However, this wavefront does not contain a global defocus phase term and, therefore, cannot be further focused using the digital refocusing application of a reverse global phase term. In totality, this means that postreconstruction digital refocusing does not serve a meaningful function for any defocus distance. To verify our analysis, we performed a series of experiments, and the results showed that the postreconstruction digital refocusing method is not a viable digital refocusing method.
We reported a novel non-interferometric and non-iterative computational imaging method, synthetic aperture imaging based on Kramers-Kronig relations (KKSAI), to reconstruct complex wave-field. By collecting images through a modified microscope system with pupil modulation capability, we show that the phase and amplitude profile of the sample at pupil limited resolution can be extracted from as few as two intensity images by exploiting Kramers-Kronig relations. KKSAI reconstruction is non-iterative, free of parameter tuning and applicable to a wider range of samples. Simulation and experiment results have proved that it has much lower computational burden and achieves the best reconstruction quality when compared with two existing phase imaging methods.
Due to the chromatic dispersion properties inherent in all optical materials, even the best designed multi-spectral objective will exhibit residual chromatic aberration effect. Here we show that the aberration correction ability of Fourier Ptychographic Microscopy (FPM) is well matched and well suited for post-image acquisition correction of these effects to render in-focus images. We show that an objective with significant spectral focal shift (up to 0.02 μm/nm) and spectral field curvature (up to 0.05 μm/nm drift at off-axis position of 800μm) can be computationally corrected to render images with effectively null spectral defocus and field curvature. This approach of combining optical objective design and computational microscopy provides a good strategy for high quality multi-spectral imaging over a broad spectral range, and eliminating the need for mechanical actuation solutions.
Plenoptic camera and holography are popular light field measurement techniques. However, the low resolution or the complex apparatus hinders their widespread application. In this paper, we put forward a new light field measurement scheme. The lens is introduced into coherent diffraction imaging to operate an optical transform, extended fractional Fourier transform. Combined with the multi-image phase retrieval algorithm, the scheme is proved to hold several advantages. It gets rid of the support requirement and is much easier to implement while keeping a high resolution by making full use of the detector plane. Also, it is verified that our scheme has a superiority over the direct lens focusing imaging in amplitude measurement accuracy and phase retrieval ability.
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