Surgical light is important for helping the surgeon easily identify specific tissues during an operation. We propose a spectral reflectance comparison model to optimize the light-emitting diode light spectrum in the operating room. An entropy evaluation method, meant specifically for surgical situations, was developed to evaluate images of biological samples. White light was mixed to achieve an optimal spectrum, and images of different tissues under the light were captured and analyzed. Results showed that images obtained with light with an optimal spectrum had a higher contrast than those obtained with a commercial white light of different color temperatures. Optimized surgical light obtained using this simple and effective method could replace the traditional surgical illumination systems.
The wide angle lens, like fish eye lens, suffers great optical distortion that causes severe deformation of the real world. A method to correct the strong distortion was presented in this work. Due to the nonlinear distribution of the distortion, linear algorithms are generally not under consideration to establish the math model of distorted-to-ideal images. However, this method employed the calibration pattern that comprised of regular array of dots to divides the full field of view (FOV) to subsections, each subsection is a small FOV, the mapping parameters between the distorted image and ideal image in each small FOV can be calculated by employing the very simple linear polynomial. Thus, applying the determined parameters to their corresponding sub-FOVs, respectively, all the ideal pixel coordinates of the distorted image can be obtained. The method employed linear polynomial characterizes the geometric deformation between the distorted and ideal images directly. Therefore, it contains both of radial distortion and tangential distortion and there is no need of concerning any intrinsic or extrinsic parameters of the optical systems. So, this algorithm reliefs the computational work that employed by conventional radial models and other mathematical models. Experiments performed on off-axis optical systems which exist complicated distortion, such as the head mounted displays (HMDs), had already yielded accurate correcting results. Likewise, in this paper, the experiments refer to the fish-eye lens also verify the effectiveness and flexibility of this method, as well, high correcting accuracy is achieved.
Light-emitting diode (LED) is the neotype surgical lighting device as an inexpensive and color-variable illumination. A methodology was designed to value the quality of surgical lighting and used to develop an operation lamp with LEDs enhancing the biological contrast. We assembled a modular array of Phillips LEDs as illumination. In the initial experiment, images of porcine heart were carried out in several LED environments and analyzed quantitatively to assess the function of these LEDs in contrast enhancement. Then we measured the reflectance spectrums of blood, fat and other tissues to obtain the spectral comparison. Based on the result, new illuminations with spectral components which differ most in the comparison was developed. Meanwhile, a new evaluation function combining the entropy analysis and brightness contrast was also built to value the quality of these illuminations. Experiments showed biological features are more visible with treated LED illuminations than the broadband lamps. Thus, the synthesis of LED lighting spectra could be adjusted to provide significant tissue identification. Therefore, we believe the new methodology will contribute to the manufacture of high efficient medical illuminations and act the positive role in coming surgical lighting fields.
A design method for the distortionless catadioptric panoramic imaging system is proposed in this paper. The panoramic
system mainly consists of two parts, a reflecting surface system with relay lens and a CCD camera. A mapping
relationship between the real image plane and the projection surface is established to acquires low distorted imaging
features easily. And the design of freeform surface is applied to the reflecting surfaces to correct distortion. After
iteratively optimize the freeform surfaces, the image quality is gradually improved. The simulation results show that
compared with traditional system, the new freeform surface system has simple design, attaining higher performance and
has the advantage of small scene distortion and making the image more suitable and convenient for observing.
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