Dr. Alexey Vertiatchikh Profile

Dr. Alexey Vertiatchikh

at GE Research

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Publications (2)

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Proceedings Article | 30 April 2009 Paper

Photonic bandgap fiber-enabled Raman detection of nitrogen gas

Rui Chen, Peter Codella, Renato Guida, Anis Zribi, Alexey Vert, Radislav Potyrailo, Marko Baller

Proceedings Volume 7322, 73220N (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.817823

KEYWORDS: Raman spectroscopy, Nitrogen, Microscopes, Oxygen, Waveguides, Raman scattering, Fiber lasers, Signal detection, Calibration, Signal attenuation

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Raman detection of nitrogen gas is very difficult without a multi-pass arrangement and high laser power. Hollow-core photonic bandgap fibers (HC-PBF) provide an excellent means of concentrating light energy in a very small volume and long interaction path between gas and laser. One particular commercial fiber with a core diameter of 4.9 microns offers losses of about 1dB/m for wavelengths between 510 and 610 nm. If 514nm laser is used for excitation, the entire Raman spectrum up to above 3000 cm^-1 will be contained within the transmission band of the fiber. A standard Raman microscope launches mW level 514nm laser light into the PBF and collects backscattered Raman signal exiting the fiber. The resulting spectra of nitrogen gas in air at ambient temperature and pressure exhibit a signal enhancement of about several thousand over what is attainable with the objective in air and no fiber. The design and fabrication of a flow-through cell to hold and align the fiber end allowed the instrument calibration for varying concentrations of nitrogen. The enhancement was also found to be a function of fiber length. Due to the high achieved Raman signal, rotational spectral of nitrogen and oxygen were observed in the PBF for the first time to the best of our knowledge.

Proceedings Article | 29 April 2009 Paper

Deep UV photon-counting detectors and applications

Gary Shaw, Andrew Siegel, Joshua Model, Adam Geboff, Stanislav Soloviev, Alexey Vert, Peter Sandvik

Proceedings Volume 7320, 73200J (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.820825

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Avalanche photodetectors, Silicon carbide, Deep ultraviolet, Quenching (fluorescence), Quantum efficiency, Photodetectors, Ultraviolet radiation, Optical filters, Silicon

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Photon counting detectors are used in many diverse applications and are well-suited to situations in which a weak signal is present in a relatively benign background. Examples of successful system applications of photon-counting detectors include ladar, bio-aerosol detection, communication, and low-light imaging. A variety of practical photon-counting detectors have been developed employing materials and technologies that cover the waveband from deep ultraviolet (UV) to the near-infrared. However, until recently, photoemissive detectors (photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) and their variants) were the only viable technology for photon-counting in the deep UV region of the spectrum. While PMTs exhibit extremely low dark count rates and large active area, they have other characteristics which make them unsuitable for certain applications. The characteristics and performance limitations of PMTs that prevent their use in some applications include bandwidth limitations, high bias voltages, sensitivity to magnetic fields, low quantum efficiency, large volume and high cost. Recently, DARPA has initiated a program called Deep UV Avalanche Photodiode (DUVAP) to develop semiconductor alternatives to PMTs for use in the deep UV. The higher quantum efficiency of Geiger-mode avalanche photodiode (GM-APD) detectors and the ability to fabricate arrays of individually-addressable detectors will open up new applications in the deep UV. In this paper, we discuss the system design trades that must be considered in order to successfully replace low-dark count, large-area PMTs with high-dark count, small-area GM-APD detectors. We also discuss applications that will be enabled by the successful development of deep UV GM-APD arrays, and we present preliminary performance data for recently fabricated silicon carbide GM-APD arrays.

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