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Proceedings Volume Photonic Fiber and Crystal Devices: Advances in Materials and Innovations in Device Applications IV, 778101 (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.876881
This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 7781, including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, and the Conference Committee listing.
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Proceedings Volume Photonic Fiber and Crystal Devices: Advances in Materials and Innovations in Device Applications IV, 778102 (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.855829
In this work, we report results of lead sulfide (PbS) quantum dots (QDs) luminescence spectra evolution during
the QDs spread process around the core of silica microstructured optical fibers (MOFs). These QDs are excited,
via evanescent field effect, with a 532nm or 785nm laser guided by the MOF cores. The PbS-core QDs of
different sizes (originally immersed in Toluene) with emission bands around 877 nm (PbS877), 1160 nm
(PbS1160) and 1474 nm (PbS1474) were inserted inside the silica MOF structure by using an N2 gas pressure
system. The broadband luminescence spectra varying from around 1000 nm to 1600 nm were obtained by using
QDs mixtures spread around MOF core surfaces. This QDs spread technique and the PbS QDs broadband
luminescence spectra results could have potential applications in optical amplifier,sensor and nonlinear optical
fiber loop mirror devices.
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Proceedings Volume Photonic Fiber and Crystal Devices: Advances in Materials and Innovations in Device Applications IV, 778103 (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.860535
In this paper all the key parameters i.e. V-Number, effective refractive index of the cladding, radius of the core,
numerical aperture, mode field diameter (MFD) and mode field area have been obtained by Far-Field intensity
pattern of endlessly single mode Photonic Crystal Fiber (ESM-PCF). The transmission characteristics of PCF are also
analyzed and simulated using Improved Effective Index Method (IEIM). Results obtained from Far-field technique
and IEIM are compared and found in good agreement. Hence, IEIM is experimentally supported by the far field
technique.
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Proceedings Volume Photonic Fiber and Crystal Devices: Advances in Materials and Innovations in Device Applications IV, 778105 (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.860716
A low-loss low-velocity photonic crystal (PhC) waveguide having rectangular air holes in-filled with a liquid
crystal in Si core is proposed. The possible propagation losses due to inefficient coupling are also investigated for
proposed structure. It is found that high transmission is obtained for a broad bandwidth from the output of the finally
designed heterogeneous waveguide consisting of a slow liquid crystal infiltrated PhC waveguide surrounded by fast PhC
waveguides on both sides.
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Proceedings Volume Photonic Fiber and Crystal Devices: Advances in Materials and Innovations in Device Applications IV, 778106 (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.860720
A new design of superior gain assisted double-negative plasmonic nanoantenna to demonstrate nonlinear
effects in UV/visible region. Demonstration of near-field transmission spectrum reveals the production of the local-field
enhancement up to 102 for half wavelength generation with the incident light wavelength in double nanorod-antenna
(DNRA) system and UV/ white light super-continuum generation for the nanoantenna array (NA) system. Negative real
values of both permeability (μ) and permittivity (ε) with extremely low imaginary values for visible light is obtained by
applying coupled dipole approximation. Near-field and far-field resonance spectrums reveal light amplification and high
directionality for the designed nano-antenna.
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Francisco J. Aranda, Jeffrey Perry, Deana Archambault, Lauren Belton, Joel Carlson, David Ziegler, Brian Kimball
Proceedings Volume Photonic Fiber and Crystal Devices: Advances in Materials and Innovations in Device Applications IV, 778107 (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.859298
A retro-reflection, polymer fiber cross section is fabricated using a tri-component fiber extruder. The fiber cross
section is comprised of a series of right angles. The right angles are retro-reflection features that run the entire
length of the fiber. The retro-reflective features are formed by an extrusion process where the polymer fiber
material is forced through a series of plates resulting in the cross section having the desired shape. Because the fiber
cross sectional features form naturally by intersecting chords, the features scale naturally and have a tendency to
maintain their form when the fiber is drawn to the desired diameter. Alternating the indices of refraction of the
cross-sectional features allows for the realization of a number of unique and useful optical effects. The fiber cross
section exhibits refraction and diffraction qualities as well as retro-reflection properties. As such, it exhibits
prismatic and multiple-order diffraction interference. Hence, the fiber appears colorful when illuminated with white
light. The colors can be controlled by a number of means: for example by the inclusion of dyes, nanoparticles, and
by post-processing applications of thin films.
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Proceedings Volume Photonic Fiber and Crystal Devices: Advances in Materials and Innovations in Device Applications IV, 778108 (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.860614
Tantalum pentoxide ( Ta2O5 ) planar waveguides have recently been shown to possess unusually large nonlinearities, and
nonlinear Kerr coefficient (n2), leading to potential applications in nonlinear integrated optics, such as supercontinuum
generation. In this paper, we report the experimental demonstration of a third-order susceptibility (χ(3)) governed
nonlinear optical parametric process within a 7 mm long planar tantalum pentoxide waveguide using a pump-probe
configuration. When pumped at 800 nm, and seeded in the near infra-red (IR) the waveguides allow parametric
conversion giving rise to signal photons in the visible spectrum. By seeding the parametric conversion process in the
1200 to 1600 nm IR telecoms range, we obtain continuously tunable output over the visible range (533 to 600 nm) from
a single guide.
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Proceedings Volume Photonic Fiber and Crystal Devices: Advances in Materials and Innovations in Device Applications IV, 778109 (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.860654
Frequency conversion is considered as a key functionality for wavelength division multiplexing systems, which
converts an incoming optical carrier of one frequency to an outgoing optical carrier of another frequency while
preserving the quality of carried data. The all-optical approach is promising for such a purpose because not only
the system complexity and power consumption of frequency converters are greatly reduced but also the flexibility
and reconfigurability are highly improved. Four-wave mixing of solitary semiconductor lasers has been proposed
to achieve all-optical frequency conversion. Although the conversion efficiency is relatively high, however, the
conversion bandwidth is small, limiting the conversion range, and the efficiency flatness is poor, distorting the
data signal. In this study, we propose to use four-wave mixing of injection-locked semiconductor lasers instead.
When a semiconductor laser is subject to a strong optical injection, it can enter into stable locking dynamics
before undergoing Hopf bifurcation. An incoming optical carrier of one frequency perturbs the injection-locked
laser, generating an outgoing optical carrier of another frequency through four-wave mixing. Tens to hundreds
of gigahertz of frequency conversion can be achieved, increasing the conversion bandwidth by 3 folds. The
conversion efficiency varies within 5 dB over the enhanced bandwidth, improving the efficiency flatness by at
least 10 dB. Greatly improved eye-diagrams and bit-error ratios are thus obtained. The input power dynamic
range of the incoming optical carrier is greatly enhanced, increasing the flexibility of the proposed system.
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Proceedings Volume Photonic Fiber and Crystal Devices: Advances in Materials and Innovations in Device Applications IV, 77810A (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.860945
The unusual thermophysical properties (high melt viscosity, large latent heat of fusion, fairly large equilibrium
segregation coefficient, etc.) cause considerable difficulty in maintaining uniform zinc composition in the CdZnTe grown
crystals. However, industrial applications still require larger high structural quality and homogeneous single crystals with
a very low dislocation density, no grains nor twins. These improvements are facilitated by dewetting phenomenon in
which the crystal is grown detached from the ampoule wall by a liquid free surface at the level of the solid-liquid
interface, called liquid meniscus, which creates a gap between the grown crystal and the ampoule wall.
In order to evaluate numerically Zn distribution in CdZnTe crystals grown by dewetted Bridgman technique using a
pyrolitic boron nitride (pBN)-coated quartz ampoule, a pseudo quasi-steady state model is considered. The coupled
incompressible Navier-Stokes in Boussinesq approximation, convection-conduction and conservative convectiondiffusion
equations are solved by finite element technique through COMSOL Multiphysics software in the framework of
a 2D axisymmetric geometry. Due to the existence of the free surface (meniscus), the Marangoni effect is considered
and for its implementation the weak form of the boundary application mode is employed. The effect of the dewetting
phenomenon on the zinc distribution is discussed and compared with data reported for crystals grown by classical
Bridgman technique.
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Proceedings Volume Photonic Fiber and Crystal Devices: Advances in Materials and Innovations in Device Applications IV, 77810B (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.861178
The unique properties of one-dimensional (1D) Fibonacci chains of dielectric layers are experimentally demonstrated
and exploited for the design of new mirrors with multiple reflection spectral windows. The new mirror structures are
simple, straightforward to make and enable a wide variety of multiple spectral window device performance to be
achieved. By changing the thickness of the layers or the order of the Fibonacci chain, tens or even hundreds of
windows can be obtained with the same approximate reflectivity over a very broad spectral region. These mirrors have
numerous applications in photonics and optoelectronics.
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Proceedings Volume Photonic Fiber and Crystal Devices: Advances in Materials and Innovations in Device Applications IV, 77810C (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.862143
In this paper, we have reviewed our recent works on IR supercontinuum generation (SCG) and its applications. First, we
provide a brief review on the physical mechanism of the supercontinuum generation. Second, the advance of SCG in
single crystal sapphire fibers is reviewed and introduced. In particular, we discussed how to fabricate thinned sapphire
fiber and use it for high efficiency SCG. Finally, experimental results of chemical analysis with supercontinuum source
are reviewed.
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Proceedings Volume Photonic Fiber and Crystal Devices: Advances in Materials and Innovations in Device Applications IV, 77810D (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.858177
When the two-photon absorption of a high intensity pump beam takes place in a semiconductor optical amplifier there is
an associated fast phase change of a weak probe signal. A scheme to realize fast all-optical NAND logic function using
two-photon absorption induced phase change has been analyzed. NAND gate is important because other Boolean logic
elements and circuits can be demonstrated using NAND gates as a basic building block. Rate equations for
semiconductor optical amplifiers (for input data signals with high intensity) configured in the form of a Mach-Zehnder
interferometer has been solved. The input intensities are high enough so that the two-photon induced phase change is
larger than the regular gain induced phase change. The model shows that both AND and NAND operation at 250 Gb/s
with good signal to noise ratio is feasible.
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Proceedings Volume Photonic Fiber and Crystal Devices: Advances in Materials and Innovations in Device Applications IV, 77810E (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.860726
A new simplified structure of highly birefringent chalcogenide As2Se3 glass Photonic Crystal Fiber (PCF) with
low confinement loss is designed and analyzed by using fully-vectorial finite element method. The effective indices,
confinement losses, birefringence and chromatic dispersion of fundamental polarized mode are calculated in the proposed
PCF. It is also shown that As2Se3 glass PCF provides lower chromatic dispersion and less confinement loss compared to
silica PCF of the same structure and hence such chalcogenide As2Se3 glass PCF have high potential to be used in dispersion
compensating and birefringence application in optical communication systems.
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Proceedings Volume Photonic Fiber and Crystal Devices: Advances in Materials and Innovations in Device Applications IV, 77810F (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.860494
Solid-state photomultipliers (SSPM) are photodetectors composed of avalanche photodiode pixel arrays operating in
Geiger mode (biased above diode breakdown voltage). They are built using CMOS technology and can be used in a
variety of applications in high energy and nuclear physics, medical imaging and homeland security related areas. The
high gain and low cost associated with the SSPM makes it an attractive alternative to existing photodetectors such as the
photomultiplier tube (PMT). The capability of integrating CMOS on-chip readout circuitry on the same substrate as the
SSPM also provides a compact and low-power-consumption solution to photodetector applications with stringent area
and power requirements. The optical performance of the SSPM, specifically the detection and quantum efficiencies, can
depend on the geometry and the doping profile associated with each photodiode pixel. The noise associated with the
SSPM not only includes dark noise from each pixel, but also consists of excess noise terms due to after pulsing and
inter-pixel cross talk. The magnitude of the excess noise terms can depend on biasing conditions, temperature, as well as
pixel and inter-pixel dimensions. We present the optical and noise performance of SSPMs fabricated in a conventional
CMOS process, and demonstrate the dependence of the SSPM performance on pixel/inter-pixel geometry, doping
profile, temperature, as well as bias conditions. The continuing development of CMOS SSPM technology demonstrated
here shows that low cost and high performance solid state photodetectors are viable solutions for many existing and
future optical detection applications.
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Proceedings Volume Photonic Fiber and Crystal Devices: Advances in Materials and Innovations in Device Applications IV, 77810H (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.860232
Single beam dynamic holographic recording is realized in the photorefractive crystals. Different
photorefractive mechanisms of holographic recording are discussed. Feasibility of single beam holographic
interferometry with the transparent and opaque objects (like oil and water droplets) in transmission and reflection is
demonstrated.
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Proceedings Volume Photonic Fiber and Crystal Devices: Advances in Materials and Innovations in Device Applications IV, 77810J (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.862573
Fabrication of single-mode fiber coupler has widely expands. However, directional fiber coupler
geometry always affects the power propagation either two or three ports. This paper describes
power launching by NX3 single mode fiber, examined using a matrix transfer for linear and
triangle order, calculated from the eigenvalue and the eigenvector. This eigenvalue is referred to
the coupling coefficient, where it can be expressed as an effective power transmitted to another
fiber. The ratio of coupling coefficient between adjacent axial fibers varies, which can be
achieved by adjusting separation of fiber and refractive index of core and cladding. A calculation
has been shown in 3D that both power transmission and phase are affected by not only the
geometry order, but also the variation of coupling coefficient, assuming the propagation
constants, cross section, and separation of coupling length fiber axis are held constant. This
calculation can be applied for any sources of wavelength and junction.
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Proceedings Volume Photonic Fiber and Crystal Devices: Advances in Materials and Innovations in Device Applications IV, 77810K (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.862935
We propose a new method for mass production of the photonic crystal devices on the basis of widely-known and well-developed technology such as micristructured optical fibers. In this paper, we investigate the optical properties of side-excited microstructured fiber and discuss the conditions for utilization such a structure as planar photonic crystal device, namely, the high-quality resonance filter.
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Proceedings Volume Photonic Fiber and Crystal Devices: Advances in Materials and Innovations in Device Applications IV, 77810L (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.859258
The fabrication of small-core photonic crystal fibers and preliminary supercontinuum generation
characterization are reported. In such non-linear experiments fs pulses from a Ti:Sapphire laser were coupled in
the fiber core and the generated spectra recorded.
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Sergio Calixto, Francisco J. Sanchez-Marin, Martha Rosete-Aguilar, Diana Mendoza-Olivares, Virginia Marañon, Jose Luis Arauz-Lara, Margarita Calixto-Solano
Proceedings Volume Photonic Fiber and Crystal Devices: Advances in Materials and Innovations in Device Applications IV, 77810M (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.859757
We present a method to make liquid lenses. It is based on the microfluidic method to make emulsions. An emulsion is a
mixture of two immiscible liquids, where one liquid (the dispersed phase) is dispersed in the form of small droplets in
another liquid that forms a continuous phase. The presence of a surfactant is necessary for the long term stability of
emulsions. To make liquid lenses we have used capillaries. Through them we inject some microliters of a liquid. The
result is that a spherical micro-lens is formed. These lenses can focus light or form images. We have tested the lenses
through image forming techniques and compared the results with the ones given by an optical design program.
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Proceedings Volume Photonic Fiber and Crystal Devices: Advances in Materials and Innovations in Device Applications IV, 77810N (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.859763
An algorithm using fringe projection to retrieve the 3D shape from images blurred by motion is described. Theoretical
analysis shows that objects moving within one period of the projected fringe can be directly described by the projected
fringe profilometry. Thus, the cost of the detection system is effectively reduced.
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Proceedings Volume Photonic Fiber and Crystal Devices: Advances in Materials and Innovations in Device Applications IV, 77810O (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.859765
An algorithm using fringe projection to perform the speed measurement is described. A fringe pattern is illuminated onto
the dynamic object, and a CCD camera is used to record the fringe distribution. Fringes on the obtained image are
deformed by the topography of the object, and also, blurred by motion. Thus, the blurred fringes supply additional
information to describe the speed of motion. Only one shot measurement is required for data processing. This makes it
possible to perform the speed measurements with low environmental vulnerability.
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Proceedings Volume Photonic Fiber and Crystal Devices: Advances in Materials and Innovations in Device Applications IV, 77810P (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.859767
A database system based on the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) to automatically reduce the subjective speckles in
a fringe pattern is presented. To accurately evaluate the performance of speckle-reduction by the EMD, a method to
design a computer generated signal is proposed as well. The simulation showed that the number to removed IMFs is
changed when the period of the computer generated signal or the signal-to-noise ratio varies. Thus, we built up a
database to identify the required number of removed IMFs. With reference to the database, speckles on the fringe pattern
can be efficiently and robotically reduced.
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Proceedings Volume Photonic Fiber and Crystal Devices: Advances in Materials and Innovations in Device Applications IV, 77810Q (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.859768
An approach using a phase mask to enlarge the depth measuring range for a 3D shape sensing system is presented. A
microscope combined with a wide-angle eyepiece lens is employed to project a fringe pattern onto the inspected surface.
A CCD camera observes the projected fringes through another microscope with a phase mask. The phase mask enlarges
the depth of field of the image acquisition system, while the wide-angle eyepiece lens increases the depth of focus of the
fringe projection system. It is found that the depth measuring range has been extended up to 1600-micron, even though
the depth of field of the image acquisition system is only 80-micron.
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Proceedings Volume Photonic Fiber and Crystal Devices: Advances in Materials and Innovations in Device Applications IV, 77810R (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.859806
We present sensing characteristics of higher order rocking filters fabricated in highly birefringent microstructured fiber
which resonantly couple polarization modes at several wavelengths. First rocking filter (RF1) shows tree resonances arising
at 855, 1271, and 1623 nm, while in the second filter (RF2) the resonances arise at 908, 1145, 1354 and 1548 nm. We
measured sensitivity to temperature in both filters and to hydrostatic pressure in the RF1. Our results show that both filters
have very low response to temperature ranging from 1.38 to 3.03 pm/K depending on the resonance order. Simultaneously,
the sensitivity to hydrostatic pressure is very high and reaches 6.14 and 3.30 nm/MPa, respectively for the first and the
second resonance in the RF1. These unique sensitivity characteristics make the filters an excellent device for hydrostatic
pressure measurement with no need for temperature compensation.
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Proceedings Volume Photonic Fiber and Crystal Devices: Advances in Materials and Innovations in Device Applications IV, 77810S (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.859851
Heat transfer has the important influence in quantum effect of light emitting diode (LED). In the
industrial processing, the quality of the thermal dissipation decides by the gumming technique between
the printed circuit board (PCB) and aluminum plate. Because it transfers the heat from electric device
to the aluminum plate which removes the heat. In this work, the alumina nitride (AlN) thin film
soldered the LED lamps to enhance the heat transfer. The films were fabricated onto 1070 aluminum
substrate by vacuum sputtering and plasma spraying technologies individually. The dielectric coatings
were characterized by several subsequent analyses, especially the real temperature measurement of
dielectric coating films. The X-Ray diffraction (XRD) diagram analysis reveals that ceramic phase can
successfully grow on the individual substrate. The studied results show that AlN thin film fabricated by
vacuum sputtering has low sheet resistivity, high hardness, high critical load, and good thermal
conduction (200 W/m-K); but, the same of coating fabricated by plasma spraying technology had the
best heat transfer as compared to the other samples.
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Proceedings Volume Photonic Fiber and Crystal Devices: Advances in Materials and Innovations in Device Applications IV, 77810T (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.859852
The thermal conductivity has the important influence in quantum effect of light emitting diodes (LED)
especially in high brightness light emitting diodes (HB LED). One of the biggest challenges is efficient
heat transfer from PCB to aluminum plate when it base on printed circuit board (PCB). Because it
enables transfer the heat from electric device to the aluminum plate, which completely removes the
heat. In this study, alumina (Al2O3), alumina nitride (AlN) and zinc sulfide (ZnS) films soldered the
HB LED lamps to enhance the heat transfer. All of the films were fabricated onto 1070 aluminum
substrate by vacuum sputtering technology. The dielectric coatings were characterized by several
subsequent analyses, especially the measurement of thermal resistance. The X-Ray diffraction (XRD)
diagram analysis reveals three kinds of ceramic thin films were successfully grown on the individual
substrate. Moreover, the alumina nitride coating has low sheet resistivity, high hardness, high critical
load, and good thermal conduction, 200 W/m-K, as compared to those of Al2O3 and ZnS films.
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Proceedings Volume Photonic Fiber and Crystal Devices: Advances in Materials and Innovations in Device Applications IV, 77810U (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.859960
Photoresponsive polymers undergo structural changes (expansion or contraction) upon photoirradiation[1]. This group of
polymers when polymerized with arrays of colloidal particles
self-assembled into a crystalline colloidal array (CCA)
forming a polymerized CCA (PCCA). The functionality of the CCA is enhanced by polymerizing it, due to the inclusion
of specific properties of the polymer. Combining the properties of both, significant change in the lattice size is observed
under external stimuli resulting in an optical response of the PCCA (either a blue or red shift of the spectrum)[2],[3].
Novel tunable nanophotonic devices that enable a camouflage behavior could be realized using this technique.
Camouflage behavior is achieved when an object blends into the environment, making it indiscernible from its
surroundings. One approach to achieving such behavior in an object is to reflect only the wavelength that is predominant
in the range of wavelengths incident from its surroundings. In this work we model and simulate a 3D polymerized
photonic crystal structure which has the potential to exhibit this behavior. Simulations are performed to model the
dynamic band gap tuning of the 3-D photonic crystal using the MIT Photonic Bands (MPB) and OptiFDTD optical
modeling tools. These results lend a key understanding to the design of PhC's that exhibit dynamic band gap tuning, and
how they can be applied in device designs.
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Proceedings Volume Photonic Fiber and Crystal Devices: Advances in Materials and Innovations in Device Applications IV, 77810V (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.859977
A novel type of electro-optic scanner is presented which can satisfy the requirements for high speed and large-angle. It
is a two-stage cascade system which consists of a fine scanning system implemented by using voltage-controlled
refraction-based electro-optic deflectors and a coarse scanning using several LiNbO3 electro-optic switch and
polarization beam splitter system. The deflection angle can be enlarged by using the coarse-fine cascaded system. We
demonstrate the design scheme of the proposed large-angle optical beam scanner. The system is analyzed and simulated
theoretically. It is shown that proper design of the parameters of coarse-fine cascaded two-stage system can lead to an
optimal beam scanner with enhanced performance of large angle and high speed. The analysis and observations will be
valuable for the accurate design and fabrication of the novel optical scanning devices based on electro-optic effect.
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Proceedings Volume Photonic Fiber and Crystal Devices: Advances in Materials and Innovations in Device Applications IV, 77810W (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.859980
The laser-induced domain nucleation effect is investigated in the 3mol%
hafnium-doped congruent lithium niobate crystal. The beam from an
Ar-ion laser with 514 nm
wavelength is focused on z surface. Two incidence schemes are performed: (1) irradiating near
and focusing on the +z surface; (2) irradiating near and focusing on the -z surface. The formed
space charge field is observed by the in-situ phase mapping during the laser-induced domain
nucleation. The variations of phase distributions are reconstructed by the digital holographic
interferometry. The light intensity dependence of the measured photovoltaic current density
jphv is described. The space charge field along -z direction is thought to be an important
mechanism for the laser-induced domain nucleation. According to these experimental results, we
present a qualitative model on the laser-induced domain nucleation process in lithium niobate
crystal.
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Proceedings Volume Photonic Fiber and Crystal Devices: Advances in Materials and Innovations in Device Applications IV, 77810X (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.860104
Two-wave coupling in LiNbO3:Fe:Ru crystals is investigated experimentally and theoretically in this paper. The
dependence of gain coefficient on doped concentration, as well as the light intensity ratio between pump beam and signal
is experimentally investigated, the maximal gain coefficient 9.2cm-1 is found while the ratio is 2.2, light gain cannot be
observed in the reduced sample because of fan effect. Effect of phase difference between light modulation and the
refractive index grating on two-wave coupling is investigated based on jointly solving the two-center material equations
and the coupled wave equations, the variation of phase difference is obvious in the crystals with reduced process or high
doped concentration.
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Proceedings Volume Photonic Fiber and Crystal Devices: Advances in Materials and Innovations in Device Applications IV, 77810Y (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.860219
Photonic fiber with single mode couplers or splitters at each fiber end can be used as a sensitive structure for fiber
sensing applications. The sensitive structure is created with two DFB lasers at λ = 1550 nm. Each laser is connected to
opposite sides of photonic fiber provided with SM couplers. One DFB laser is isolated and its light goes through variable
attenuation. Isolation is necessary for DFB laser stability. The second laser is DFB or F-P laser without any isolator. Its
radiation is driven as with driven current so with DFB laser passing through photonic fiber. Small changes of DFB laser
light passing through photonic fiber activate large changes in FP laser radiation. Temperature and pressure actuating on
photonic fiber are examples of effects that are able to change properties of passing laser light. These changes can be
measured with the help of photo detector at the second arm of SM couplers. Changes in optical spectra of F-P and DFB
laser under temperature and pressure are the results.
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Proceedings Volume Photonic Fiber and Crystal Devices: Advances in Materials and Innovations in Device Applications IV, 77810Z (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.860395
Characteristic of electro-optic modulation of light propagating near the optic axis in a uniaxial crystal is well
known but not for the cases of propagating bias the optic axis. In this paper, two pairs of LiNbO3 crystal plates with the
same sizes consist of an optical system in where the sum of geometrically optical length of o-ray and e-ray is equal. And
then the characteristics of electro-optic modulation of light propagating bias the optic axis in LiNbO3 are studied
experimentally through a coherent received system. The additional phase shift caused by electro-optic effect is
measured. The relation of phase shift varying with applied
electric-field is reported when the angle between incident
beam and the optic axis is 45°. Based on above experiments, a new 90º optical hybrid will be developed.
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Proceedings Volume Photonic Fiber and Crystal Devices: Advances in Materials and Innovations in Device Applications IV, 778110 (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.860429
In this paper we describe photo-induced trapping/redistribution of silver nano-(micro) particles near the surface of
photorefractive crystal LiNbO3:Fe. This type of optical trapping is due to combined forces of direct gradient-force
trapping and asymmetric photorefractive forces of electro-phoresis and dielectro-phoresis. The silver nanoparticles
were produced through extracellular biosynthesis on exposure to the fungus, Fusarium oxysporum (FO) and to the
plant extracts. Pulsed and CW visible laser radiation lead to significant modification of nanoparticle clusters. This
study indicates that extracellular biosynthesis can constitute a possible viable alternative method for the production
of nanoparticles. In addition, the theoretical modeling of asymmetric photorefractive electric field grating has been
presented and compared with the experimental results.
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Proceedings Volume Photonic Fiber and Crystal Devices: Advances in Materials and Innovations in Device Applications IV, 778111 (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.861074
A numerical analysis of the fiber-optic surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor with crescent shape of metal coating is
presented. The crescent shape of metal coating usually occurs during one side metal deposition on the cylindrical fiber.
Here, for analysis of the performance of fiber-optic SPR sensors with such asymmetric metal coating, the method of
three-dimensional (3D) ray-tracing and theoretical calculation of electromagnetic reflection and transmission at the metal
film are applied simultaneously, which result in 3D analysis with reduced time consumption and data loads. We
investigate the characteristic of fiber-optic SPR sensor with asymmetric metal layer, comparing with those of the
symmetric metal coated fiber, and discuss the asymmetry effect of the sensors for practical sensing and provide the
information for improving sensing capability.
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Proceedings Volume Photonic Fiber and Crystal Devices: Advances in Materials and Innovations in Device Applications IV, 778112 (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.862144
In this paper, we present the design and the fabrication method for high DC bias voltage photoconductive semiconductor
switch (PCSS). By employing a low temperature grown molecular beam epitaxial GaAs (LT-MBE GaAs) and a proper
protection coating to prevent air breakdown, the DC bias electric field can be significantly increased. Such a PCSS
structure can effectively achieve a low DC dark current in a high voltage pulse generation system with smaller PCSS
sizes. DC bias capability also eliminates the need of complicated synchronization. The application of high DC bias field
PCSS will also be discussed.
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Proceedings Volume Photonic Fiber and Crystal Devices: Advances in Materials and Innovations in Device Applications IV, 778113 (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.862145
Microwave assisted synthesis of crystalline FeBO3 powder is investigated in a multimode cavity at 2.45GHz as a
possible method for faster synthesis. An Alumina-SiC susceptor enclosure was placed inside the cavity to overcome poor
microwave absorption of the precursor at low temperatures. Enhanced diffusion was observed with appropriate precursor
viscosity at reaction temperature. Less than 8 hours was found enough to complete FeBO3 synthesis, as compared with
more than 20 hours of synthesis using conventional muffle oven. Microwave enhanced diffusion was not obvious with
too high viscosity and eventually leveled by thermal diffusion with too low viscosity. The microwave synthesized FeBO3
particles were found more rhombohedral and smaller than conventional furnace synthesized ones, thus are inherently
more suitable as optical composite materials.
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Proceedings Volume Photonic Fiber and Crystal Devices: Advances in Materials and Innovations in Device Applications IV, 778114 (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.862147
In this paper, recent works of buried chemical detection system by stimulating and enhancing spectroscopic
signatures with multi-frequency excitations are discussed. In this detection system, those multiple excitations,
including DC electric field, microwave, CO2 laser illumination and infrared radiation, are utilized and each of
them plays a unique role. The Microwave could effectively increase the buried chemicals' evaporation rate from
the source. The gradient DC electric field, generated by a Van De Graaff generator, not only serves as a vapor
accelerator for efficiently expediting the transportation process of the vapor release from the buried chemicals,
but also acts as a vapor concentrator for increasing the chemical concentrations in the detection area, which
enables the trace level chemical detection. Similarly, CO2 laser illumination, which behaves as another type
vapor accelerator, could also help to release the vapors adsorbed on the soil surface to the air rapidly. Finally, the
stimulated and enhanced vapors released into the air are detected by the infrared (IR) spectroscopic fingerprints.
Our theoretical and experimental results demonstrate that more than 20-fold increase of detection signal can be
achieved by using those proposed technology.
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Proceedings Volume Photonic Fiber and Crystal Devices: Advances in Materials and Innovations in Device Applications IV, 778115 (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.862151
A novel two channel multi-frequencies division multiplexed confocal fluorescence microscopy (FDMCF) system based
on the holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal (H-PDLC) optical chopper modulation is reported. The characteristic
of unique FDMCF system is that within the FDMCF system, the
multi-channel exciter laser beams are modulated with
different carrying frequencies, after the fluorescence signals are collected, and through data analyzing process, the
FDMCF system can realize the multiply points parallel detection synchronously with high temporal and spatial
resolution. Besides, combined with the electrically controlled H-PDLC grating array working as the optical chopper to
replace the mechanical chopper, it can improve and develop the FDMCF system from two channels to unlimited system.
The paper has done the experiments to demonstrate the two-channel FDMCF system based on H-PDLC modulation and
analysis the benefits from the electrically-controlled integrated electro-optical H-PDLC devices.
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Proceedings Volume Photonic Fiber and Crystal Devices: Advances in Materials and Innovations in Device Applications IV, 778116 (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.862238
Zinc oxide (ZnO) nano-wires have draw people's attention in recent studies. The unique structural and physical
properties offer fascinating potential for future technological applications. The state-of-the-art fabrication process of ZnO
nano-wires is based on vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) method. In this paper, the microwave assisted heating technique is
introduced for the growth of ZnO nanopillar arrays. The microwave grown ZnO nanowires were characterized by fieldemission
scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and photoluminescence
spectroscopy. It was demonstrated that (001) oriented single crystal ZnO nanowires can be grown vertically and
uniformly on a-plane sapphire wafers.
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Proceedings Volume Photonic Fiber and Crystal Devices: Advances in Materials and Innovations in Device Applications IV, 778117 (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.863037
Very important advantage of ZnO thin films is an opportunity of use in the composite heterostructures opening
opportunities for development of ZnO-based optoelectronics devices. In this work we report the preparation of
ferroelectric crystal - ZnO thin film heterostructures by vacuum deposition method and creation of new type of
pyroelectric photodetector. The ferroelectric field effect transistor has been prepared using ZnO:Li films as transistor
channel and LiNbO3 and TGS crystals as pyroelectric sensitive element. The photoelectric properties (currents ratio,
charge carriers mobility, ampere-watt sensitivity in IR diapason, NEP sensitivity, and photocurrent kinetics) of prepared
heterostructures were investigated and first samples of novel pyroelectric photodetector with high sensitivity and
detectability were prepared.
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Proceedings Volume Photonic Fiber and Crystal Devices: Advances in Materials and Innovations in Device Applications IV, 778119 (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.864156
A doubly-doped LiNbO3 (LN) crystal has been well used as a nonvolatile two-wavelength recording material. By using
two levels of the crystal, two-kind holograms can be recorded on one crystal; a hologram is recorded with a 405-nm
blue laser diode (LD) for a deep Mn level, and another hologram is with a 532-nm green laser for a shallow Fe level.
The recording capacity doubles. A 780-nm LD is non-volatile reconstructing source since the LD line is insensitive to
both levels. Multiplexed reconstructed images are demonstrated by using a sharp angular selectivity of a volume LN
crystal keeping Bragg condition with spherical reconstructions.
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