We demonstrate the monolithic integration of both orange and blue Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (OLEDs) on Complementary Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor (CMOS) chips featuring four shanks (length 8 mm, width 150 μm) and a total of 1024 OLED pixels each 20x20 µm2. Pixel yield and device brightness were maximized through systematic optimization of the aluminum contact pad. These improvements enable the first in vivo single-OLED / single-neuron optogenetic stimulation with CMOS-based brain implants, thus bridging a current technology gap for controlled and specific optical excitation at the cellular level.
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