Plasmonic nanoparticles are used in many biomedical applications, ranging from sensing to in vivo imaging and photothermal transduction. The tunable morphology of nanostars including metallic composition, spike length, spike sharpness, and overall size greatly impacts their optical and plasmonic properties. Here, we highlight 3 distinct classes of nanostar-based particle groups where the effect of tuning these properties was investigated: improved gold nanostars (GNS), bimetallic nanostars (BNS), and caged nanostars (CNS). After characterization and simulation via FDTD modeling, particles were assessed for their utility in small-molecule detection, gene probe-based plasmonic sensing, in vivo tumor imaging and detection, and photothermal transduction.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have increasingly become an important biomarker target for applications ranging from clinical diagnostics to biofuel production monitoring. However, the current state of the art for the detection of such markers requires tedious processing and amplification techniques such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In an effort to create a relatively simple biosensing platform, we have developed a combined plasmonic biosensing method based on a Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) platform called the inverse Molecular Sentinel (iMS) to directly detect in vivo miRNA such as miR858a. With Shifted Excitation Raman Difference Spectroscopy (SERDS), we can remotely detect these targets in the field in the presence of interfering background signal. The application of such technology can pave the way not just for biofuel monitoring but early and non-invasive disease detection and diagnostics.
We present the integration of a miRNA sensing probe technology with a bimetallic nanostar-based surfaced-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate for disease detection. Circulating microRNAs (miRNA) are being investigated as promising diagnostic biomarkers for many cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). The inverse molecular sentinel technology was used for amplification-free multiplexed detection of miRNA targets using SERS. The integration of these technologies lays the foundation for point of care device design, capable of miRNA profiling without the need for traditional sample preparation of nucleotide amplification techniques.
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