Here, we present an electrically tunable metasurface based on indium tin oxide (ITO) that enables dynamic manipulation of light wavefronts at a theoretical frequency range of 15 to 400 GHz. This all-solid-state spatial light modulator (SLM) modulates both the phase and amplitude of incoming light around the 1550 nm wavelength by utilizing an ITO layer and a periodic metallic grating structure separated by a thin AL2O3 capacitive layer. When a voltage is applied, a charge accumulation layer forms in the ITO and the ITO-oxide interface, effectively modulating the complex refractive index of the ITO. The optical transparency of the ITO layer at 1550 nm surpasses conventional reflected SLM designs, making it suitable for seamless integration with Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers (VCSELs), potentially reducing power consumption, heat generation, and increasing modulation bandwidth. Furthermore, the compact design and simple fabrication process allow easy integration into Photonic Integrated Circuits (PICs) as an on-chip laser source with dynamic beam steering capabilities. This unique set of properties opens up possibilities for advanced applications in on-chip computing, optical communication, environmental sensing, health diagnostics, and the development of next-generation optical computing architectures and neuromorphic computing systems.
In this work, we demonstrate a Sb2Te3/MoS2 heterostructure photodetector for visible range detection or sensing applications with ultra-low dark current and high sensitivity at zero external bias. The photoresponsivity can reach to 156 mA/W at zero bias and can be enhanced 3 times at 1V bias voltage.
Advancements in nanophotonics have raised the bar for optoelectronic devices, demanding ultra-compact size, fast speeds, high efficiency, and low energy consumption. Emerging materials hold the potential to meet these demands, enabling the creation of high-performing optoelectronic devices. We present our latest breakthroughs and demonstrate device prototypes made from various materials, pushing the boundaries of optoelectronic performance.
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