A spectral optimization algorithm (SOA) has been developed for processing satellite data in marine waters. The algorithm couples an atmospheric aerosol model with a detailed water-reflectance model to simultaneously retrieve both atmospheric and ocean color parameters. A key feature separating SOA from standard algorithms is the retrieval of the absorption coefficient of colored detrital material, particulate backscattering and chlorophyll concentration in absorbing atmospheres. The same parameters can also be retrieved in Case 2 waters where higher particulate backscattering contributes to the near-infrared (NIR) water-leaving reflectance. Results of chlorophyll concentration are presented in this study using SeaWiFS data obtained for the Chesapeake Bay and Middle Atlantic Bight. Manipulations to the NIR measurements of a degree similar to the magnitude of sensor noise and calibration uncertainty show that the chlorophyll retrievals are highly sensitive to the error in the measured NIR total reflectance.
KEYWORDS: Clouds, Liquids, Fractal analysis, Solar radiation models, 3D modeling, Ultraviolet radiation, Statistical modeling, Monte Carlo methods, Systems modeling, Modeling
The authors examined the temporal and spatial variation of UV-B erythemal irradiance under cloudy stratocumulus conditions. A three-dimensional cloud model was constructed which had fractal properties in the horizontal. Fractal parameters were derived from 98 aircraft measurements in northwest Tasmania. Modelled radiation was compared with spatial sky radiance measurements using a Variable Sky Platform. Temporal measurements of irradiance were also compared with model predictions. In both areas both model and measurements agree well.
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