Optical imaging modalities have been utilized as important tools to evaluate skin lesions. Accurate analysis of
hyper-pigmentation is important in the evaluation of sun damage, inflammation, and other skin disorders. In
this study, both cross-polarization and fluorescent color images were obtained at identical facial skin region and
hyper-pigmentation regions were extracted by applying a series of image processing. Cross-polarization image
provides subsurface skin information without specular reflection and fluorescence image emphasizes
pigmentation in epidermal region. The results were quantitatively evaluated and compared to investigate the
difference between two imaging modalities in the evaluation of hyper-pigmentation regions.
KEYWORDS: Teeth, Specular reflections, Color difference, Polarization, Image processing, Dentistry, Measurement devices, Digital cameras, Image segmentation, In vivo imaging
Recently, it has become more important to objectively analyze teeth color in terms of esthetical point of view. In the
evaluation of tooth color, the specular reflection caused by saliva on tooth may cause artifacts in analysis. In this study,
a polarization dental imaging modality (PDIM) was developed to address the specular reflection problems. Clinical
validity was evaluated by performing three studies such as shade-guide selection for implant, plaque distribution
detection, and evaluation of tooth whitening. In the selection of shade-guide, in-vivo human teeth and shade-guide
color images were obtained. The minimum color difference between shade-guide and tooth was calculated using
Euclidian distance. In the plaque distribution detection, teeth disclosing agent was used to differentiate plaque from
teeth and images were taken. In the evaluation of whitening, whiteness indices were calculated using 29 shade-guide
images. Results presented that the new imaging modality could provide reproducible images by effectively removing
the specular reflection on teeth surface and therefore, minimize artifacts in the quantitatively analysis of shade-guide
selection, plaque detection, and tooth whitening. In conclusion, the PDIM potentially proved its clinical efficacy as a
new imaging modality.
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