The next generation of ultra-bright photoemission sources may offer opportunities to enhance our understanding of fundamental spatiotemporal scales. However, modeling photoemission and laser shaping systems precisely and efficiently is difficult due to the numerous interdependent linear and nonlinear processes involved and significant variations in modeling frameworks. Here, we present a new machine learning-based framework for photoemission laser systems and dynamic laser shaping. To showcase the effectiveness of our approach in system optimization, reverse engineering, and design. Our framework is designed to facilitate precise adaptive temporal shaping, including the generation of longitudinally flat-top or periodically-modulated pulses, through integration with four-wave mixing.
A full start-to-end software (S2E) model of a laser system– including a mode-locked oscillator,
chirped pulse amplification shaper, and nonlinear upconversion– can help expand high power laser system designs routinely tackled with human-centered methodologies. S2E models can even enable reverse engineering of a laser system, allow for more streamlined exploration of parameter spaces for experimental setups, or train machine learning models for optimization and tuning of these systems. We present a generalized S2E model targeted at generating data of the photoinjector laser system at SLAC’s LCLS-II for training neural networks for optimization and, eventually, active tuning of the photoinjector.
Ultralow phase-noise mode-locked lasers are crucial for real-world applications. We present two accomplishments: (1) short-term FF CEP stabilization of a SESAM mode-locked Er:Yb:glass laser at 1.55 um with timing jitter below 3 as (1-3 MHz) and (2) a hybrid solution adding a FB technique addressing slowly varying sources of interference to the FF system that demonstrates 75 hours of stabilization with a minimally detrimental effect amounting to a timing jitter of 11 as.
X-ray Charge Coupled Devices (CCDs) have been the workhorse for soft X-ray astronomical instruments for the past quarter century. They provide broad energy response, extremely low electronic read noise, and good energy resolution in soft X-rays. These properties, along with the large arrays and small pixel sizes available with modern-day CCDs, make them a potential candidate for next generation astronomical X-ray missions equipped with large collecting areas, high angular resolutions and wide fields of view, enabling observation of the faint, diffuse and high redshift X-ray universe. However, such high collecting area (about 30 times Chandra) requires these detectors to have an order of magnitude faster readout than current CCDs to avoid saturation and pile up effects. In this context, Stanford University and MIT have initiated the development of fast readout X-ray cameras. As a tool for this development, we have designed a fast readout, low noise electronics board (intended to work at a 5 Megapixel per second data rate) coupled with an STA Archon controller to readout a 512 512 CCD (from MIT Lincoln Laboratory). This versatile setup allows us to study a number of parameters and operation conditions including the option for digital shaping. In this paper, we describe the characterization test stand, the concept and development of the readout electronics, and simulation results. We also report the first measurements of read noise, energy resolution and other parameters from this set up. While this is very much a prototype, we plan to use larger, multi-node CCD devices in the future with dedicated ASIC readout systems to enable faster, parallel readout of the CCDs.
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