We present an all-optical image denoiser based on spatially-engineered diffractive layers. Following a one-time training process using a computer, this analog processor composed of fabricated passive layers achieves real-time image denoising by processing input images at the speed of light and synthesizing the denoised results within its output field-of-view, completely bypassing digital processing. Remarkably, these designs achieve high output diffraction efficiencies of up to 40%, while maintaining excellent denoising performance. The effectiveness of this diffractive image denoiser was experimentally validated at the terahertz spectrum, successfully removing salt-only noise from intensity images using a 3D-fabricated denoiser that axially spans <250 wavelengths.
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