Imaging spectrometer can provide both scene image information and spectral information, thus providing in-depth analysis of the composition and characteristics of the scene target. It is an important equipment for observation, analysis and detection. Imaging spectrometers are now emerging as an important market growth point in the field of optoelectronic imaging. This paper presents a compact and lightweight snapshot broadband computational spectral imager, which provides a new approach to VIS-NIR spectral imaging and target identification techniques. Based on the Coded Aperture Snapshot Spectral Imager (CASSI), an imaging method with a shared primary mirror and a dual optical path is proposed. One optical path mainly consists of a coding mask, a relay lens, an Amici prism and a visible near-infrared enhancement detector. Its spatial and spectral resolution is determined by the coding mask and dispersive elements. The optical system finally obtains a blended two-dimensional image on the detector. Another optical path uses a visible NIR-enhanced detector to provide high-resolution spatial information. The high-resolution spectral image information is obtained by a compression-aware reconstruction algorithm. Optical simulations and experimental results show that the system offers significant performance improvements over existing systems, allowing the construction of compact and sensitive spectral imaging systems. We obtained 24 spectral images in the band range 0.44-0.8μm. The new spectral imager introduced in this paper has the advantages of real-time detection, long-range monitoring and high sensitivity. It is especially suitable for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and NanoSat. It can be widely used in the fields of environmental remote sensing, agricultural census, forest survey, vegetation assessment and management, mineral exploration, etc.
The hyperspectral images of airplanes and flying birds are obtained by a xiSpec snapshot mosaic hyperspectral cameras, supported by the Interuniversity Microelectronics Centre (IMEC). The single frame Infrared Patch-Image (IPI) model is used to detect the small targets of airplanes and flying birds under complex cloud background in the hyperspectral images. Based on the non-local autocorrelation property of the background image, the method assumes that the target image is a sparse matrix and the background image is a low-rank matrix. The small target detection is transformed into an optimization problem of recovering the low-rank and sparse matrix. Using stable principal component tracking solution, the decomposed background and target are obtained. The results show that this method can detect bright and dark small targets in complex background at the same time, and the hyperspectral image can effectively improve the detection rate. More importantly, the detection ability is closely related to the intensity difference of the target against the background. Thus, the optimal waveband of different targets can be given by combining the target detection results and the intensity difference curves. This has a guiding significance for the design of specific point target detection payloads.
We study a super-resolution synthetic aperture imaging scheme called macroscopic fourier aperture scanning imaging. By scanning the aperture on the Fourier plane of the optical system, we get a series of low resolution images of the scene. Then, the collected images are synthesized iteratively in the frequency domain. In the initial stage of recovery, the highresolution complex wave front is recovered without any phase information. The mathematical model of the imaging system is established, and the scene super-resolution imaging and phase recovery are realized through simulation. This macroscopic fourier superposition imaging technology has broad application prospects in the fields of long-distance highresolution imaging, remote sensing detection and so on.
Spectral imaging technology can obtain a three-dimensional data cube of the target, which has the advantage of "unification of maps". Analyzing the "fingerprint" spectral information of space targets is a powerful method for space target identification. In response to the needs of space target material identification and key part identification, this paper proposes a new method of computational spectral imaging with high Light utilization for space target detection. A high-resolution spatial spectral image is obtained through the combination of panchromatic channel and calculated spectral channel. Introduce the calibration technology of the system, including the target's spectrum calibration and the system's coding calibration technology. The multi-spectral image of the satellite model taken by the new spectral imaging system is used to expand the sample, and the training set data is used for training, and the entire data set is tested. The average recognition rate of the five categories of satellite main body, windsurfing board, pot body, antenna and space background is 74.86%. If only the identification of the target and the background is considered, and the non-critical part of the satellite antenna is not considered, the probability of correct recognition as a target is 98.92%, and the probability of correct recognition as a background is 99.11%.
The conventional diffractive optical imaging spectrometer uses the single-channel scheme, it is mainly aimed at simple targets, or gas targets with known spectral characteristics. The main disadvantage of conventional system is: if the target is a complex scene such as a natural scene, it's very difficult to demodulate spectral images accurately. Because, the focused and defocused spectral information are superimposed on each other. And, the real system has noise, manufacturing error, testing error and calibration error. So, it is difficult to correctly describe the dispersion parameters of the diffractive spectrometer, which will cause large errors of spectral demodulation accuracy. To solve this problem, an efficient system of diffractive spectral imaging is discussed, which includes a reference channel. Based on the conventional single-channel system, a grayscale camera or a color camera is added for imaging. It can provide a priori knowledge of complex scenes for the diffraction imaging channel. The data of the two channels are jointly processed to improve the final demodulation accuracy of the spectral data. The system composition and basic principles are introduced, the performance of the system is analyzed. The virtual simulation experiment of diffractive optic imaging is established. The simulation of diffractive imaging and spectral demodulation of complex scene have been finished. The demodulation output images are almost the same as the original input image. The experiment system of diffractive optic imaging in visible band is also established in the laboratory. Theoretical analysis, imaging simulation and imaging experiment have verified the validity and feasibility of the diffraction imaging system with reference channel. Compared with the single channel system, the spectral demodulation effect is obviously improved, which greatly improves the application potential and application value.
Infrared imaging spectrometer can provide scene image information and spectral information at the same time, so as to deeply analyze the components and characteristics of the scene target. Due to the low resolution of the existing long-wave infrared imaging spectrometer filter and dispersion devices and the serious attenuation of signal energy, the time-modulated Fourier transform infrared spectrometer has a large volume and a high cost. In this paper, we propose a compact snapshot-type long-wave infrared computational spectral imaging method, which provides a new method for infrared spectral imaging and target recognition technology. Based on the coded aperture snapshot spectral imager (CASSI), we propose an imaging method that shares the main lens with two optical paths. One optical path is mainly composed of a coded mask, a relay lens, an amici prism, and a long-wave infrared detector. Its spatial and spectral resolution is determined by the encoded mask and the dispersive element. The optical system finally obtains an aliased two-dimensional image on the detector. The other optical path uses a long-wave infrared detector to provide high-resolution spatial information. Combining the two paths to obtain high-resolution infrared spectral image information through a compressed sensing reconstruction algorithm. The new spectroscopic imager described in this paper has the advantages of real-time detection, long-distance monitoring, and high sensitivity. It is especially suitable for mobile platforms of unmanned aerial vehicle and NanoSat. Can be widely used in trace gas detection, environmental pollution monitoring, medical diagnosis and military aircraft identification and guidance of anti-missile.
The simultaneous acquisition of spatial information, spectral information and polarimetric information can obtain more characteristic information to distinguish targets. The conventional spectral polarization imaging system mainly includes the filter/polarization wheel rotation system, the crystal modulation system and multi-path beam splitting system. The disadvantages of these systems are: unsynchronized spectral polarization detection, requiring dynamic modulation, complex system, etc. To solve these problems, a spectral polarization detection technology based on optical fiber image bundle is proposed, which combines optical fiber imaging spectral technology with pixel level polarization detection technology. The input shape of the optical fiber image bundle is plane, and the output shape is linear. Optical fiber image bundle can transform the information of array target into that of linear array. The linear array information is the input of spectral imaging system. The polarization detection uses a micron level polarization array to match the pixel size of the detector. The technology can synchronously acquire the two-dimensional spatial information, the spectral information and linear polarization information of the target. The technology can be used to image the area target in snapshot mode. The experimental device is set up to obtain the spectral image in the visible light range, as well as the polarization degree image and polarization angle image of each spectral segment. The data acquisition ability of the system is verified. With the improvement of optical fiber manufacturing technology, the integration of optical fiber is getting better, and the scale of optical fiber is getting larger. The technology will have a high application value in astronomical observation, atmospheric detection, target recognition and other fields.
The spectral polarization imager can detect the spectral polarization information of the target reflection or radiated light that cannot be obtained by ordinary optical instruments. The obtained spectral polarization image can provide richer target information than the intensity image and the spectral image. At the same time, being able to achieve snapshot imaging and improve the spectral resolution is the research and development direction of polarization spectrum imaging technology. In this paper, we present a dual channel snapshot compressive spectral polarization imaging technique for simultaneous acquisition of two-dimensional intensity information, one-dimensional spectral information, and four-dimensional polarization information of a target in visible range. One channel is based on a coded mask and micro-polarizer array, and one channel is based on a pixel-level polarizer array detector. The main optical path replaces the ordinary detector with a micro-polarizer array based on CASSI. The micro-polarizer array consists of 0°, 45°, 90°, and 135° linear micro-polarizers regularly distributed, and each pixel matches the pixel of the detector. The three Stokes parameters of the scene are compressed and sensed, and a four-dimensional (4D) data cube is projected onto a two-dimensional (2D) focal plane. Through nonlinear optimization with sparsity constraints, a 4D spectral polarization data cube is reconstructed from 2D measurements. The addition of a pixel-level polarizer array detector helps to improve the measurement accuracy of spectral information and polarization information. Optical experimental results confirm that the architecture reduces the total number of measurements required to obtain a spectrally polarized image compared to traditional acquisition methods. The dual channel combination enables simultaneous acquisition of spectral and polarization information, and improves the quality of reconstructed image based on compressed sensing algorithm. A dual-channel experimental device with coded aperture spectral polarization imaging channel and polarization imaging channel was set up to obtain spectral data cubes with 4 polarization states in 25 bands in the range of 450nm-650nm, and the polarization degree and polarization angle of each band. The spectral resolution was better than 10nm, and the spectral restoration accuracy was about 86.3%. Compared with the single-channel imaging method, the spectral reconstruction accuracy was improved by 10.5%.This has guiding significance for the design and research of light and miniaturized hyperspectral polarization imagers in the future. It is expected to be widely used in astronomical observation, atmospheric detection, biomedical diagnosis, earth environment monitoring, target detection and identification and other fields.
In this letter, an efficient system of hyperspectral imaging is discussed, which is based on diffractive optic imaging technology. The system is a spectrometer that projects the spectral and spatial information onto a CCD detector. Each spectral image can be obtained by modified demodulation algorithm. The system structure and the basic theory are introduced. A spectrometer system that operates in the visible band is designed. The performance of the system is analyzed and evaluated. The virtual simulation experiment of diffractive optic imaging is established. The simulation of diffractive imaging and spectral demodulation of complex scene have been finished. The experiment PSF is used to demodulate the spectral images. The demodulation output images are almost the same as the initial input image. The validity and feasibility of the basic principle are proved by the simulation experiment result. The experiment system of diffractive optic imaging in visible band is also established in the laboratory. The prototype calibration system is set up. The precise calibration system is needed to be set up in the future. The advantages of diffractive optic imaging spectrometer are no slit and high throughput. The spectrometer can be widely used in remote sensing and other fields.
With the increase in the lens aperture and widen in the spectrum, the dispersion range of diffractive optic image spectrometer (DOIS) is also growing. Large scale axial scanning increases the difficulty of system design and manufacturing of the GEO spectrometer. In this Letter, an efficient method and system for hyperspectral imaging of GEO orbit is realized by fusing diffractive optic and light field imaging technology. The emergence of the light field imaging technology provides a perfect solution for DOIS. Our system is a snapshot spectrometer that projects the spectral and spatial information simultaneously onto a CCD detector. Here a spectrometer system that operates in the 500-650nm band is designed and the performance of the system is analyzed and evaluated. Experiments are shown to illustrate the performance improvement attained by the new model. Our analysis shows that the novel snapshot hyperspectral diffractive computational image spectrometer is no-slit, high throughout, feasible and usable imager that can be widely built for many fields.
Traditional video imagers require high-speed CCD, we present a new method to implement video imagers with low speed CCD detector imager system based on video compressed. Using low speed CCD detector and transmissive liquid crystal (LC) instead of high speed CCD to get data cube; by the method of data processing method , we make high precision reconstruction of compressed video data, theoretical analysis and experimental result show that it is not ensures the video imaging quality but also reduced the frame rate of the detectors and complexity of video imaging system greatly.
The spectrometers capture large amount of raw and 3-dimensional (3D) spatial-spectral scene information with 2- dimensional (2D) focal plane arrays(FPA). In many applications, including imaging system and video cameras, the Nyquist rate is so high that too many samples result, making compression a precondition to storage or transmission. Compressive sensing theory employs non-adaptive linear projections that preserve the structure of the signal, the signal is then reconstructed from these projections using an optimization process. This article overview the fundamental spectral imagers based on compressive sensing, the coded aperture snapshot spectral imagers (CASSI) and high-resolution imagers via moving random exposure. Besides that, the article propose a new method to implement spectral imagers with linear detector imager systems based on spectrum compressed. The article describes the system introduction and code process, and it illustrates results with real data and imagery. Simulations are shown to illustrate the performance improvement attained by the new model and complexity of the imaging system greatly reduced by using linear detector.
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