Dr. Michael G. Metzen Profile

Dr. Michael G. Metzen

at Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Univ Bonn

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Proceedings Article | 4 April 2012 Paper

Characterization of real objects by an active electrolocation sensor

Michael Metzen, Imène Al Ghouz, Sandra Krueger, Herbert Bousack, Gerhard von der Emde

Proceedings Volume 8339, 833910 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.914049

KEYWORDS: Aluminum, Modulation, Signal detection, Electrodes, Amplitude modulation, Sensors, Resistance, Environmental sensing, Skin, Metals

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Weakly electric fish use a process called 'active electrolocation' to orientate in their environment and to localize objects based on their electrical properties. To do so, the fish discharge an electric organ which emits brief electrical current pulses (electric organ discharge, EOD) and in return sense the generated electric field which builds up surrounding the animal. Caused by the electrical properties of nearby objects, fish measure characteristic signal modulations with an array of electroreceptors in their skin. The fish are able to gain important information about the geometrical properties of an object as well as its complex impedance and its distance. Thus, active electrolocation is an interesting feature to be used in biomimetic approaches. We used this sensory principle to identify different insertions in the walls of Plexiglas tubes. The insertions tested were composed of aluminum, brass and graphite in sizes between 3 and 20 mm. A carrier signal was emitted and perceived with the poles of a commercial catheter for medical diagnostics. Measurements were performed with the poles separated by 6.3 to 55.3 mm. Depending on the length of the insertion in relation to the sender-receiver distance, we observed up to three peaks in the measured electric images. The first peak was affected by the material of the insertion, while the distance between the second and third peak strongly correlated with the length of the insertion. In a second experiment we tested whether various materials could be detected by using signals of different frequency compositions. Based on their electric images we were able to discriminate between objects having different resistive properties, but not between objects of complex impedances.

Proceedings Article | 23 March 2011 Paper

Inspection and analysis of the walls of fluid filled tubes by active electrolocation: a biomimetic approach

Martin Gottwald, Kavita Mayekar, Vladislav Reiswich, Herbert Bousack, Deepak Damalla, Shubham Biswas, Michael Metzen, Gerhard von der Emde

Proceedings Volume 7975, 797510 (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.877763

KEYWORDS: Electrodes, Sensors, Modulation, Phase shifts, Receivers, Aluminum, Blood vessels, Amplitude modulation, Distance measurement, Target detection

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During their nocturnal activity period, weakly electric fish employ a process called "active electrolocation" for navigation and object detection. They discharge an electric organ in their tail, which emits electrical current pulses, called electric organ discharges (EOD). Local EODs are sensed by arrays of electroreceptors in the fish's skin, which respond to modulations of the signal caused by nearby objects. Fish thus gain information about the size, shape, complex impedance and distance of objects. Inspired by these remarkable capabilities, we have designed technical sensor systems which employ active electrolocation to detect and analyse the walls of small, fluid filled pipes. Our sensor systems emit pulsed electrical signals into the conducting medium and simultaneously sense local current densities with an array of electrodes. Sensors can be designed which (i) analyse the tube wall, (ii) detect and localize material faults, (iii) identify wall inclusions or objects blocking the tube (iv) and find leakages. Here, we present first experiments and FEM simulations on the optimal sensor arrangement for different types of sensor systems and different types of tubes. In addition, different methods for sensor read-out and signal processing are compared. Our biomimetic sensor systems promise to be relatively insensitive to environmental disturbances such as heat, pressure, turbidity or muddiness. They could be used in a wide range of tubes and pipes including water pipes, hydraulic systems, and biological systems. Medical applications include catheter based sensors which inspect blood vessels, urethras and similar ducts in the human body.

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