Optical spectral analysis of the ultra-weak photon emission (UPE) could be utilized for non-invasive diagnostic of state
of biological systems and for elucidation of underlying mechanisms of UPE generation. Optical spectra of UPE from
differentiated HL-60 cells and yeast cells (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) were investigated. Induced photon emission of
neutrophil-like cells and spontaneous photon emission of yeast cells were measured using highly sensitive
photomultiplier module Hamamatsu H7360-01 in a thermally regulated light-tight chamber. The respiratory burst of
neutrophil-like HL-60 cells was induced with the PMA (phorbol 12-myristate, 13-acetate). PMA activates an assembly
of NADPH oxidase, which induces a rapid formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Long-pass edge filters
(wavelength 350, from 400 to 600 with 25 nm resolution and 650 nm) were used for optical spectral analysis.
Propagation of error of indirect measurements and standard deviation were used to assess reliability of the measured
spectra. Results indicate that the photon emission from both cell cultures is detectable in the six from eight examined
wavelength ranges with different percentage distribution of cell suspensions, particularly 450-475, 475-500, 500-525,
525-550, 550-575 and 575-600 nm. The wavelength range of spectra from 450 to 550 nm coincides with the range of
photon emission from triplet excited carbonyls (350-550 nm). The both cells cultures emitted photons in wavelength
range from 550 to 600 nm but this range does not correspond with any known emitter. To summarize, we have
demonstrated a clear difference in the UPE spectra between two organisms using rigorous methodology and error
analysis.
The ultra-weak photon emission (UPE) is a universal phenomenon common to all cells with active oxidative metabolism.
Generally accepted mechanism of the origin of the ultra-weak photon emission considers reactions of radical or nonradical
reactive oxygen species (ROS) with biomolecules such as lipids and proteins which lead to the formation of electron excited
species. During the transition to the ground state the excess energy is released as a photon with a wavelength in the visible
range of the electromagnetic spectrum. Since the intensity of the light is very low it is possible to be measured only by highly
sensitive devices. We used Hamamatsu Photonics PMT module H7360-01 mounted into a light-tight chamber for the
purposes of this work. The goal of our research is to delineate an origin of UPE from two model organisms; differentiated
HL-60 cells (human promyelocytic leukemia) and yeast cells Saccharomyces cerevisiae. While the UPE from the yeast cells
arises spontaneously during the growth without any external stimuli, UPE from HL-60 is induced by phorbol 12-myristate,
13-acetate (PMA). It is possible to modulate the UPE production by certain antioxidants which scavenge ROS formed during
the metabolism (yeast cells) or respiratory burst (HL-60 cells). The experiments are focused on the description of effects
caused by antioxidants. Several kinds of antioxidants (ascorbic acid, mannitol, glutathione) with different concentration were
used and we studied the changes in the UPE intensities of and the temporal developments of the optical signal.
Microtubules are important organizing structures of eukaroytic cells. They are electrically polar and have collective vibration
modes from kHz to low THz region. In approximation of microtubule subunits (tubulin molecules) as rigid particles,
we calculate electric field generated by optical branch of axial longitudinal vibration modes of microtubule. This oscillatory
electric field, due to its complex spatial distribution, may play an important role in cellular temporal and spatial
organization.
The present paper recorded spontaneous ultra weak photon emission of five subjects at palm and dorsal sides of both left
and right hands in a 24 h period. Data demonstrate that intensity as well as left-right symmetry varies diurnally. Emission
intensity is low during the day, rises during the evening and is high during the night. Time patterns for left and right hand
are different. The left-right symmetry shifts in the evening. Data are explained within the concept of a regulatory role of
the photon field in human physiology. However, other explanations cannot be excluded.
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