Prof. Paul G. Lucey Profile

Prof. Paul G. Lucey

at Hawai‘i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology

SPIE Involvement:

Author

Publications (82)

Proceedings Article | 21 December 2024 Paper

Paper

Multi-spectral and hyperspectral Earth remote-sensing instruments based on T2SL infrared focal plane arrays

Sarath Gunapala, William Johnson, David Ting, Alexander Soibel, Sir Don Rafol, Sam Keo, Brian Pepper, Cory Hill, Olga Kalashnikova, Michael Garay, Ashley Davies, Ashok Sood, John Zeller, Christopher David, Paul Lucey, Robert Wright, Miguel Nunes, Sachidananda Babu, Parminder Ghuman

Proceedings Volume 13266, 1326602 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3035002

KEYWORDS: Thermography, Infrared radiation, Staring arrays, Remote sensing, Infrared sensors, Equipment, Long wavelength infrared, Infrared detectors, Hyperspectral imaging, Superlattices

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Proceedings Article | 3 October 2024 Presentation

Presentation

Applications of T2SL barrier infrared detectors for SmallSat platforms (Conference Presentation)

Sarath Gunapala, David Ting, William Johnson, Sir Rafol, Alexander Soibel, Sam Keo, Brian Pepper, Cory Hill, Olga Kalashnikova, Michael Garay, Ashley Davies, Yuki Maruyama, Christopher David, Dan Manitakos, Robert Wright, Paul Lucey, Miguel Nunes, Charles Swenson, Lucas Anderson, Mani Sundaram, Jason Bundas, Sachidananda Babu, Parminder Ghuman

Proceedings Volume PC13146, PC1314606 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3028799

KEYWORDS: Infrared detectors, Quantum efficiency, Superlattices, Thermography, Hyperspectral imaging, Diffusion, Venus, Sustainability, Staring arrays, Spectroscopy

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Proceedings Article | 7 June 2024 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

Applications of T2SL barrier infrared detectors in Earth observational instruments

Sarath Gunapala, William Johnson, David Ting, Alexander Soibel, Sir (Don) Rafol, Sam Keo, Brian Pepper, Cory Hill, Olga Kalashnikova, Michael Garay, Ashley Davies, Ashok Sood, John Zeller, Paul Lucey, Robert Wright, Miguel Nunes, Sachidananda Babu, Parminder Ghuman

Proceedings Volume 13030, 1303003 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3014555

KEYWORDS: Equipment, Staring arrays, Fire, Quantum efficiency, Long wavelength infrared, Sensors, Infrared detectors, Mid-IR, Infrared radiation, Temperature metrology

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Proceedings Article | 19 October 2023 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

The HyTI mission

Robert Wright, Miguel Nunes, Paul Lucey, Sarath Gunapala, Sir Rafol, David Ting, Chiara Ferrari-Wong, Luke Flynn, Tom George

Proceedings Volume 12729, 1272906 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2679541

KEYWORDS: Space operations, Fabry–Perot interferometry, Thermography, Staring arrays, Imaging systems, Earth sciences, Data acquisition, Spectral resolution

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Proceedings Article | 19 October 2023 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

Applications of T2SL barrier infrared detectors in observational instruments

Sarath Gunapala, William Johnson, David Ting, Alexander Soibel, Sir Rafol, Sam Keo, Brian Pepper, Cory Hill, Olga Kalashnikova, Michael Garay, Ashley Davies, Ashok Sood, John Zeller, Paul Lucey, Robert Wright, Miguel Nunes, Sachidananda Babu, Parminder Ghuman

Proceedings Volume 12729, 127290Q (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2679191

KEYWORDS: Staring arrays, Fire, Equipment, Quantum efficiency, Mid-IR, Long wavelength infrared, Infrared detectors, Temperature metrology, Infrared radiation, Dark current

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Proceedings Article | 12 July 2023 Open Access

Open Access

Paper

Development of T2SLS LWIR focal plane arrays for the hyperspectral thermal imager (HyTI)

Sarath Gunapala, David Ting, Sir Rafol, Alexander Soibel, Arezou Khoshakhlagh, Sam Keo, Brian Pepper, Anita Fisher, Cory Hill, Ashok Sood, John Zeller, Paul Lucey, Robert Wright, Miguel Nunes, Luke Flynn, Sachidananda Babu, Parminder Ghuman

Proceedings Volume 12777, 127773O (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2690546

KEYWORDS: Astronomical imaging, Thermography, Staring arrays, Long wavelength infrared, Hyperspectral imaging

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Proceedings Article | 15 June 2023 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

Low mass LWIR hyperspectral imagers using microbolometers and Fabry-Perot interferometers

Paul Lucey, Jason Akagi, Kellen Yamamoto, Aaron Nagamine, Chiara Ferrari-Wong, Abigail Flom, Alaine Lee, Adam Bingham, Edward Knobbe

Proceedings Volume 12516, 125160V (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2663722

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Long wavelength infrared, Fourier transform interferometers, Microbolometers, Cameras, Imaging systems, Hyperspectral imaging, Signal to noise ratio, Quartz, Fabry–Perot interferometry

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Proceedings Article | 14 June 2023 Presentation

Presentation

HyCARS: hyperspectral chemical airborne reconnaissance sensor for unmanned platforms

Adam Bingham, Edward Knobbe, Jason Akagi, Kellen Yamamoto, Paul Lucey, Alan Samuels, Michael von Fahnestock

Proceedings Volume PC12519, PC125190E (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2661551

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Airborne reconnaissance, Long wavelength infrared, Zoom lenses, Imaging systems, Hyperspectral imaging, Target detection, System integration, Switching, Superlattices

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Proceedings Article | 11 October 2022 Presentation

Presentation

Development of T2SLS LWIR focal plane arrays for the Hyperspectral Thermal Imager (HyTI) (Conference Presentation)

Sarath Gunapala, David Ting, Sir Rafol, Alexander Soibel, Sam Keo, Arezou Khoshakhlagh, Brian Pepper, Anita Fisher, Cory Hill, Paul Lucey, Robert Wright, Miguel Nunes, Luke Flynn, Ashok Sood, Sachidananda Babu, Parminder Ghuman

Proceedings Volume PC12234, PC1223405 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2631550

KEYWORDS: Staring arrays, Thermography, Hyperspectral imaging, Long wavelength infrared, Quantum efficiency, Superlattices, Nanotechnology, Infrared detectors, Earth sciences, Antireflective coatings

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Proceedings Article | 30 May 2022 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

Mid-wavelength and long-wavelength infrared focal planes for smallsat applications

Sarath Gunapala, David Ting, Sir Rafol, Alexander Soibel, Arezou Khoshakhlagh, Sam Keo, Brian Pepper, Anita Fisher, Cory Hill, Thomas Pagano, Ashok Sood, John Zeller, Paul Lucey, Rob Wright, Miguel Nunes, Sachidananda Babu, Parminder Ghuman

Proceedings Volume 12091, 1209102 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2619573

KEYWORDS: Staring arrays, Long wavelength infrared, Sensors, Quantum efficiency, Temperature metrology, Mid-IR, Infrared radiation, Readout integrated circuits, Antireflective coatings, Laser sintering

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Proceedings Article | 12 September 2021 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

Digital mid-wavelength and long-wavelength infrared focal planes for SmallSat applications

Sarath Gunapala, David Ting, Sir Rafol, Alexander Soibel, Arezou Khoshakhlagh, Sam Keo, Brian Pepper, Anita Fisher, Cory Hill, Tobias Wenger, Thomas Pagano, Michael Kelly, Justin Baker, Cristopher David, Paul Lucey, Robert Wright, Miguel Nunes, Luke Flynn, Sachidananda Babu, Parminder Ghuman

Proceedings Volume 11858, 118580Y (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2596653

KEYWORDS: Staring arrays, Long wavelength infrared, Sensors, Quantum efficiency, Mid-IR, Readout integrated circuits, Temperature metrology, Infrared radiation, Infrared detectors, Laser sintering

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Proceedings Article | 6 August 2021 Presentation

Presentation

Mid-wavelength and long-wavelength infrared focal planes for SmallSat applications

Sarath Gunapala, David Ting, Sir Rafol, Alexander Soibel, Arezou Khoshakhlagh, Sam Keo, Brian Pepper, Anita Fisher, Cory Hill, Thomas Pagano, Michael Kelly, Justin Baker, Christopher David, Paul Lucey, Robert Wright, Miguel Nunes, Luke Flynn, Sachidananda Babu, Parminder Ghuman

Proceedings Volume 11831, 1183102 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2604385

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Proceedings Article | 5 August 2021 Presentation

Presentation

The hyperspectral thermal imager: high spectral and spatial resolution thermal imaging from a 6U platform

Robert Wright, Paul Lucey, Miguel Nunes, Sarath Gunapala, Sir Rafol, David Ting, Alex Soibel, Chiara Ferrari-Wong, Tom George

Proceedings Volume 11831, 118310E (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2592853

KEYWORDS: Thermography, Hyperspectral imaging, Spatial resolution, Earth sciences, Staring arrays, Spectral calibration, Space operations, Performance modeling, Modulation, Long wavelength infrared

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Proceedings Article | 12 April 2021 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

High operating temperature T2SL digital focal plane arrays for earth remote sensing instruments

Sarath Gunapala, David Ting, Sir Rafol, Alexander Soibel, Arezou Khoshakhlagh, Sam Keo, Brian Pepper, Anita Fisher, Cory Hill, Tobias Wenger, Thomas Pagano, Michael Kelly, Justin Baker, Christopher David, Paul Lucey, Robert Wright, Miguel Nunes, Luke Flynn, Sachidananda Babu, Parminder Ghuman

Proceedings Volume 11741, 117410U (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2589648

KEYWORDS: Staring arrays, Remote sensing, Long wavelength infrared, Infrared radiation, Temperature metrology, Sensors, Satellites, Infrared technology, Infrared sensors, Infrared imaging

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Proceedings Article | 12 April 2021 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

T2SL focal planes for compact remote sensing instruments

Sarath Gunapala, David Ting, Sir Rafol, Alexander Soibel, Arezou Khoshakhlagh, Sam Keo, Brian Pepper, Anita Fisher, Cory Hill, Tobias Wenger, Thomas Pagano, Kwong-Kit Choi, Paul Lucey, Robert Wright, Miguel Nunes, Luke Flynn, Sachidananda Babu, Parminder Ghuman

Proceedings Volume 11723, 1172302 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2595798

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Proceedings Article | 20 September 2020 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

T2SLS focal planes for compact remote sensing instruments

Sarath Gunapala, David Ting, Sir Rafol, Alexander Soibel, Arezou Khoshakhlagh, Sam Keo, Brian Pepper, Anita Fisher, Cory Hill, Edward Luong, Thomas Pagano, Paul Lucey, Robert Wright, Miguel Nunes, Luke Flynn, Sachidananda Babu, Parminder Ghuman

Proceedings Volume 11530, 115300G (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2566859

KEYWORDS: Mid-IR, Long wavelength infrared, Remote sensing, Thermography, Infrared radiation, Infrared imaging, Sensors, Imaging spectroscopy, Infrared technology, Infrared detectors

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SPIE Journal Paper | 17 July 2020

Evaluating the spectroradiometric performance of an uncooled midwave infrared hyperspectral interferometer using a microbolometer array detector

Casey Honniball, Robert Wright, Paul Lucey, Alain S. Khayat

OE, Vol. 59, Issue 07, 074103, (July 2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.OE.59.7.074103

KEYWORDS: Microbolometers, Mid-IR, Sensors, Calibration, Signal to noise ratio, Carbon monoxide, Interferometers, Sagnac interferometers, Cameras

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Proceedings Article | 31 January 2020 Paper

Paper

Antimonides T2SL mid-wave and long-wave infrared focal plane arrays for Earth remote sensing applications

Sarath Gunapala, David Ting, Sir Rafol, Alexander Soibel, Arezou Khoshakhlagh, Sam Keo, Brian Pepper, Anita Fisher, Cory Hill, Thomas Pagano, Paul Lucey, Robert Wright, Miguel Nunes, Luke Flynn, Sachidananda Babu, Parminder Ghuman

Proceedings Volume 11288, 112880K (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2543896

KEYWORDS: Staring arrays, Sensors, Quantum efficiency, Long wavelength infrared, Mid-IR, Temperature metrology, Infrared detectors, Infrared radiation, Readout integrated circuits, Gallium antimonide

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Proceedings Article | 30 August 2019 Paper

Paper

HYTI: thermal hyperspectral imaging from a CubeSat platform

Robert Wright, Miguel Nunes, Paul Lucey, Luke Flynn, Sarath Gunapala, David Ting, Sir Rafol, Alexander Soibel, Chiara Ferrari-Wong, Andrea Gabrieli, Prasad Thenabail

Proceedings Volume 11131, 111310G (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2530821

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Staring arrays, Long wavelength infrared, Spectral resolution, Thermography, Earth sciences, Hyperspectral imaging, Infrared radiation, Data acquisition, Fabry–Perot interferometry

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Proceedings Article | 24 October 2018 Paper

Paper

Standoff Biofinder: powerful search for life instrument for planetary exploration

Anupam Misra, Tayro Acosta-Maeda, John Porter, Miles Egan, Macey Sandford, Patrick Gasda, Shiv Sharma, Paul Lucey, David Garmire, Jie Zhou, Tamra Oyama, Noah Acosta, Chris McKay, Roger Wiens, Samuel Clegg, Ann Ollila, Nurul Abedin

Proceedings Volume 10779, 107790J (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2324201

KEYWORDS: Luminescence, Pulsed laser operation, Sensors, Imaging systems, CMOS sensors, Optical filters, Image filtering, Minerals, Raman spectroscopy, RGB color model

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Proceedings Article | 23 October 2018 Paper

Paper

A spectrographic receiver for laser spectrometers

Macey Sandford, Paul Lucey, Xiaoli Sun, Daniel Cremons

Proceedings Volume 10780, 107800J (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2324818

KEYWORDS: Receivers, LIDAR, Sensors, Spectrographs, Avalanche photodetectors, Visible radiation, Spectrometers, Pulsed laser operation, Infrared sensors, Luminescence

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Proceedings Article | 23 October 2018 Paper

Paper

Volcanic gas measurements using a compact mid-wave infrared hyperspectral imager

C. Honniball, R. Wright, P. Lucey, A. Gabrieli, A. Khayat

Proceedings Volume 10780, 107800K (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2324627

KEYWORDS: Mid-IR, Calibration, Gases, Hyperspectral imaging, Radiative transfer, Imaging systems, Microbolometers

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Gases released from a volcano, such as sulfur dioxide (SO2) and carbon dioxide (CO2), present hazards to the environment and local populations as well as providing a means to monitor volcanic activity and study pre-eruptive signatures. In the Mid-Wave InfraRed (MWIR) from 3 to 5 microns both the aforementioned volcanic gases exhibit characteristic absorptions. Remote sensing in the MWIR, however, is challenging due to the limited amount of signal available to measure. This presents technical challenges on achieving high signal-to-noise ratios; therefore, acquiring adequate data in the MWIR has been difficult without cryogenically cooling the instrument. However, ecent improvements to microbolometer technology and emerging interferometric techniques have allowed us to acquire good thermal infrared data without the need for cooling. By utilizing the advantages of an imaging interferometer paired with an uncooled microbolometer, we demonstrate the use of a MWIR compact, hyperspectral imager for volcanic gas detection. The instrument, the Miniaturized Infrared Detector of Atmospheric Species (MIDAS), is representative of an instrument that could feasibly be flown on a small satellite in low earth orbit for the detection and monitoring of volcanic gases. Recently MIDAS was deployed to Kilauea’s Halema’uma’u pit crater which during the deployment had an active lava lake that was continuously releasing volcanic gases. Sources like the Kilauea lava lake provide high background temperatures that aid MWIR measurements of volcanic gases. We present hyperspectral analysis of volcanic gases from the Kilauea lava lake using data from the MIDAS instrument and line by line radiative transfer analysis. Brightness temperature maps of the lake surface show values consistent with direct thermocouple measurements and point radiometer measurements. Here we present resolved images of spectral radiance, brightness temperature, and CO₂ concentrations. The map of CO₂ is relatively uniform, but show subtle variation at the 2553 - 3313+/- 167 ppm level.

Proceedings Article | 9 June 2017 Presentation

Presentation

Compact LWIR sensors using spatial interferometric technology (Conference Presentation)

Adam Bingham, Paul Lucey, Edward Knobbe

Proceedings Volume 10210, 102100M (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2262414

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Long wavelength infrared, Interferometry, Photonics, Range imaging, Thermography, Microbolometers, Cryogenics, Imaging systems, Infrared imaging

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Proceedings Article | 9 May 2017 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

MWIR hyperspectral imaging with the MIDAS instrument

Casey Honniball, Rob Wright, Paul Lucey

Proceedings Volume 10177, 101770J (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2262464

KEYWORDS: Mid-IR, Hyperspectral imaging, Microbolometers, Sagnac interferometers, Atmospheric sciences, Signal to noise ratio, Atmospheric modeling, Carbon, Cameras, Black bodies, Sensors, Atmospheric sensing, Remote sensing

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Proceedings Article | 3 May 2017 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

A hyperspectral scanning microscope system for phenomenology support

Paul Lucey, Jessica Norman, Sarah Crites

Proceedings Volume 10210, 102100K (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2262421

KEYWORDS: Thermography, Infrared imaging, Spectrometers, Sensors, Reflectivity, Spatial resolution, Microscopes, Microscopy, Infrared microscopy, Infrared radiation, Infrared signatures, Hyperspectral imaging, Imaging systems, Long wavelength infrared, Scanners

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Proceedings Article | 3 May 2017 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

Spectral response of microbolometers for hyperspectral imaging

Casey Honniball, Rob Wright, Paul Lucey

Proceedings Volume 10177, 101771W (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2262424

KEYWORDS: Monochromators, Forward looking infrared, Calibration, Microbolometers, Cameras, Infrared radiation, Infrared imaging, Hyperspectral imaging, Long wavelength infrared, Mid-IR, Imaging spectroscopy

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Proceedings Article | 19 October 2016 Paper

Paper

TIRCIS: thermal infrared compact imaging spectrometer for small satellite applications

Robert Wright, Paul Lucey, Sarah Crites, Harold Garbeil, Mark Wood, Eric Pilger, Andrea Gabrieli, Casey Honniball

Proceedings Volume 10000, 100000M (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2241931

KEYWORDS: Infrared spectroscopy, Infrared radiation, Spectroscopy, Satellites, Thermography, Microbolometers, Calibration, Fabry–Perot interferometers, Interferometers, Black bodies

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Proceedings Article | 19 August 2016 Paper

Paper

TIRCIS: thermal infrared compact imaging spectrometer for small satellite applications

Robert Wright, Paul Lucey, Sarah Crites, Harold Garbeil, Mark Wood, Eric Pilger, Andrea Gabrieli, Casey Honniball

Proceedings Volume 9880, 98801K (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2224311

KEYWORDS: Infrared spectroscopy, Thermography, Infrared radiation, Spectroscopy, Calibration, Fabry–Perot interferometers, Microbolometers, Interferometers, Black bodies, Spectral resolution

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Proceedings Article | 20 May 2016 Paper

Paper

The Miniaturized Infrared Detector of Atmospheric Species (MIDAS) a low-mass, MWIR low-power hyperspectral imager

Casey Honniball, Robert Wright, Paul Lucey, Sarah Crites

Proceedings Volume 9819, 98190J (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2224355

KEYWORDS: Mid-IR, Microbolometers, Hyperspectral imaging, Atmospheric sensing, Earth's atmosphere, Methane, Signal to noise ratio, Sagnac interferometers, Sensors, Beam splitters

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Proceedings Article | 22 May 2015 Paper

Paper

The Thermal Infrared Compact Imaging Spectrometer (TIRCIS): a follow-on to the Space Ultra Compact Hyperspectral Imager (SUCHI)

S. Crites, R. Wright, P. Lucey, J. Chan, A. Gabrieli, H. Garbeil, K. Horton, A. Imai-Hong, E. Pilger, M. Wood, L. Yoneshige

Proceedings Volume 9469, 94690R (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2185649

KEYWORDS: Black bodies, Sensors, Calibration, Cameras, Interferometers, Camera shutters, Infrared spectroscopy, Imaging systems, Spectral resolution, Thermography

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Proceedings Article | 3 June 2014 Paper

Paper

Design and operation of SUCHI: the space ultra-compact hyperspectral imager for a small satellite

S. Crites, P. Lucey, R. Wright, J. Chan, H. Garbeil, K. Horton, A. Imai, E. Pilger, M. Wood, Lance Yoneshige

Proceedings Volume 9085, 908505 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2050625

KEYWORDS: Camera shutters, Sensors, Cameras, Space operations, Black bodies, Satellites, Calibration, Long wavelength infrared, Hyperspectral imaging, Imaging systems

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Proceedings Article | 21 May 2014 Paper

Paper

LWIR hyperspectral micro-imager for detection of trace explosive particles

Adam Bingham, Paul Lucey, Jason Akagi, John Hinrichs, Edward Knobbe

Proceedings Volume 9101, 91010Z (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2050824

KEYWORDS: Long wavelength infrared, Particles, Explosives, Reflectivity, Explosives detection, Raman spectroscopy, Spatial resolution, Sensors, Infrared spectroscopy, Imaging systems

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Proceedings Article | 21 May 2014 Paper

Paper

A compact Fourier transform imaging spectrometer employing a variable gap Fabry-Perot interferometer

Paul Lucey, Jason Akagi, Adam Bingham, John Hinrichs, Edward Knobbe

Proceedings Volume 9101, 910110 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2050826

KEYWORDS: Fourier transforms, Sensors, Imaging systems, Long wavelength infrared, Spectroscopy, Interferometers, Cameras, Relays, Fabry–Perot interferometry, Potassium

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Proceedings Article | 31 May 2013 Paper

Paper

A long-wave infrared hyperspectral sensor for Shadow class UAVs

P. Lucey, Jason Akagi, John Hinrichs, S. Crites, R. Wright

Proceedings Volume 8713, 87130D (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2016069

KEYWORDS: Unmanned aerial vehicles, Sensors, Clouds, Calibration, Imaging systems, Infrared radiation, Spectral resolution, Signal to noise ratio, Infrared sensors, Neodymium

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Proceedings Article | 21 May 2013 Paper

Paper

SUCHI: The Space Ultra-Compact Hyperspectral Imager for small satellites

S. Crites, P. Lucey, R. Wright, J. Chan, H. Garbeil, K. Horton, Amber Imai, M. Wood, L. Yoneshige

Proceedings Volume 8739, 873902 (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2015628

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Camera shutters, Long wavelength infrared, Satellites, Black bodies, Cameras, Space operations, Imaging systems, Infrared sensors, Calibration

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Proceedings Article | 25 May 2012 Paper

Paper

A low cost thermal infrared hyperspectral imager for small satellites

S. Crites, P. Lucey, R. Wright, H. Garbeil, K. Horton, M. Wood

Proceedings Volume 8385, 838509 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.918984

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Black bodies, Long wavelength infrared, Satellites, Imaging systems, Calibration, Space operations, Electronics, Cameras, Hyperspectral imaging

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Proceedings Article | 16 May 2012 Paper

Paper

Time-resolved remote Raman and fluorescence spectrometers for planetary exploration

Shiv Sharma, Anupam Misra, Tayro Acosta, Paul Lucey

Proceedings Volume 8379, 83790J (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.920955

KEYWORDS: Raman spectroscopy, Luminescence, Spectrographs, Minerals, Carbon dioxide, Ions, Venus, Spectrometers, Mars, Carbon dioxide lasers

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Proceedings Article | 15 May 2012 Paper

Paper

A compact LWIR hyperspectral system employing a microbolometer array and a variable gap Fabry-Perot interferometer employed as a Fourier transform spectrometer

Paul Lucey, John Hinrichs, Jason Akagi

Proceedings Volume 8390, 83900R (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.918974

KEYWORDS: Fourier transforms, Sensors, Long wavelength infrared, Fabry–Perot interferometry, Spectroscopy, Interferometers, Prototyping, Signal to noise ratio, Microbolometers, Reflectivity

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Proceedings Article | 15 May 2012 Paper

Paper

A LWIR hyperspectral imager using a Sagnac interferometer and cooled HgCdTe detector array

Paul Lucey, Mark Wood, Sarah Crites, Jason Akagi

Proceedings Volume 8390, 83900Q (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.918970

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Calibration, Interferometers, Long wavelength infrared, Imaging systems, Mercury cadmium telluride, Fourier transforms, Hyperspectral imaging, Black bodies, Data conversion

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Proceedings Article | 5 May 2012 Paper

Paper

Portable standoff Raman system for fast detection of homemade explosives through glass, plastic, and water

Anupam Misra, Shiv Sharma, Tayro Acosta, John Porter, Paul Lucey, David Bates

Proceedings Volume 8358, 835811 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.919647

KEYWORDS: Raman spectroscopy, Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy, Glasses, Pulsed laser operation, Standoff detection, Potassium, Explosives, Telescopes, Luminescence, Aluminum

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Proceedings Article | 23 May 2011 Paper

Paper

A low cost thermal infrared hyperspectral imager for small satellites

S. Crites, P. Lucey, R. Wright, H. Garbeil, K. Horton

Proceedings Volume 8044, 80440O (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.886535

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Long wavelength infrared, Satellites, Infrared radiation, Imaging systems, Space operations, Absorption, Calibration, Thermography, Hyperspectral imaging

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Proceedings Article | 20 May 2011 Paper

Paper

A Fabry-Perot interferometer with a spatially variable resonance gap employed as a Fourier transform spectrometer

Paul Lucey, Jason Akagi

Proceedings Volume 8048, 80480K (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.886534

KEYWORDS: Fourier transforms, Fabry–Perot interferometry, Reflectivity, Spectroscopy, Interferometers, Fabry–Perot interferometers, Fringe analysis, Modulation, Black bodies, Cameras

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Proceedings Article | 13 May 2010 Paper

Paper

A generalized performance model for spatial interferometric hyperspectral imagers

Paul Lucey, Eugene Tsiang

Proceedings Volume 7695, 76951X (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.849979

KEYWORDS: Cameras, Signal to noise ratio, Performance modeling, Sensors, Interferometers, Modulation, Microbolometers, Signal detection, Imaging systems, Quantum efficiency

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Proceedings Article | 8 May 2010 Paper

Paper

Compact time-resolved remote Raman system for detection of anhydrous and hydrous minerals and ices for planetary exploration

S. Sharma, A. Misra, T. Acosta, P. Lucey, M. Nurul Abedin

Proceedings Volume 7691, 76910F (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.849949

KEYWORDS: Raman spectroscopy, Minerals, Calcite, Spectrographs, Mars, Carbon dioxide, Molecules, Carbonates, Cameras, Sensors

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Proceedings Article | 29 April 2010 Paper

Paper

Comparison of a model of the disturbed soil spectrum to field observations

Paul Lucey, Edwin Winter, Keith Horton

Proceedings Volume 7664, 76640H (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.849933

KEYWORDS: Quartz, Mie scattering, Minerals, Reflectivity, Particles, Soil science, Atmospheric particles, Scattering, Long wavelength infrared, Roads

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Proceedings Article | 27 August 2008 Paper

Paper

High efficiency LWIR AOTF

D. Kahler, N. Singh, M. Gottlieb, D. Suhre, P. Lucey, D. Knuteson, A. Berghmans, B. Wagner, S. McLaughlin

Proceedings Volume 7086, 70860L (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.792561

KEYWORDS: Crystals, Long wavelength infrared, Transducers, Black bodies, Imaging systems, Imaging spectroscopy, Polishing, Acoustics, Acousto-optics, Tunable filters

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Proceedings Article | 26 September 2007 Paper

Paper

Daytime rapid detection of minerals and organics from 50 and 100 m distances using a remote Raman system

Anupam Misra, Shiv Sharma, Paul Lucey, Rachel Lentz, Chi Hong Chio

Proceedings Volume 6681, 66810C (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.739208

KEYWORDS: Raman spectroscopy, Minerals, Pulsed laser operation, Calcite, Telescopes, Ions, Sensors, Sulfur, Chemical analysis, Photons

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Proceedings Article | 7 May 2007 Paper

Paper

High-performance Sagnac interferometer using uncooled detectors for infrared hyperspectral applications

Paul Lucey, Keith Horton, Tim Williams, Brett Denevi

Proceedings Volume 6565, 65650S (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.718559

KEYWORDS: Interferometers, Signal to noise ratio, Sensors, Calibration, Long wavelength infrared, Imaging systems, Cameras, Data conversion, Hyperspectral imaging, Interferometry

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Proceedings Article | 30 April 2007 Paper

Paper

High-performance Sagnac interferometer using cooled detectors for infrared LWIR hyperspectral imaging

Paul Lucey, Keith Horton, Tim Williams

Proceedings Volume 6546, 654604 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.718560

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Interferometers, Long wavelength infrared, Signal to noise ratio, Signal detection, Infrared imaging, Hyperspectral imaging, Infrared radiation, Sagnac interferometers, Interferometry

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Proceedings Article | 26 April 2007 Paper

Paper

Stand-off Raman instrument for detection of bulk organic and inorganic compounds

Shiv Sharma, Anupam Misra, Paul Lucey, Rachel Lentz, Chi Hong Chio

Proceedings Volume 6554, 655405 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.719152

KEYWORDS: Raman spectroscopy, Pulsed laser operation, Telescopes, Calcite, Liquids, Signal detection, Minerals, Hydrogen, Laser scattering, Spectrographs

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Proceedings Article | 12 December 2006 Paper

Paper

A combined remote Raman and fluorescence spectrometer system for detecting inorganic and biological materials

Shiv Sharma, Anupam Misra, Paul Lucey

Proceedings Volume 6409, 64090K (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.693868

KEYWORDS: Raman spectroscopy, Luminescence, Calcite, Crystals, Ruby, Molecules, Pulsed laser operation, Sensors, Minerals, Ions

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Proceedings Article | 20 January 2005 Paper

Paper

Long-wave infrared hyperspectral imagery of weathering trajectories on Hawaiian basaltic rock

Orion Carlisle, Paul Lucey, Sarah Sherman

Proceedings Volume 5655, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.578602

KEYWORDS: Long wavelength infrared, Reflectivity, Hyperspectral imaging, Calibration, Imaging systems, Black bodies, Infrared imaging, Infrared radiation, Signal to noise ratio, Vegetation

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Proceedings Article | 20 January 2005 Paper

Paper

Detection and identification of toxic air pollutants using airborne LWIR hyperspectral imaging

David Williams, Barry Feldman, Tim Williams, Drew Pilant, Paul Lucey, L. Worthy

Proceedings Volume 5655, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.578819

KEYWORDS: Long wavelength infrared, Calibration, Hyperspectral imaging, Inspection, Imaging systems, Remote sensing, Infrared imaging, Chemical analysis, Sensors, Infrared sensors

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Proceedings Article | 20 January 2005 Paper

Paper

Hyperspectral imaging of coastal regions from the ISS

Todd Mosher, Megan Mitchell, Paul Lucey, Eric Hochberg

Proceedings Volume 5656, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.579767

KEYWORDS: Hyperspectral imaging, Sensors, Imaging systems, Remote sensing, Algorithm development, Short wave infrared radiation, Water, Infrared sensors, Visible radiation, Infrared imaging

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Proceedings Article | 30 December 2004 Paper

Paper

An exercise in traceability: quantifying imaging spectrometer noise constraints on geologic interpretation

Donovan Steutel, Josh Cahill, Paul Lucey

Proceedings Volume 5660, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.578553

KEYWORDS: Signal to noise ratio, Sensors, Minerals, Spectroscopy, Mineralogy, Cameras, Surface plasmons, Iron, Glasses, Reflectivity

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Proceedings Article | 30 December 2004 Paper

Paper

Remote Raman and laser-induced fluorescence (RLIF) emission instrument for detection of mineral, organic, and biogenic materials on Mars to 100 meters radial distance

Shiv Sharma, Syed Ismail, S. Angel, Paul Lucey, Christopher McKay, Anupam Misra, Peter Mouginis-Mark, Horton Newsom, Edward Scott, Upendra Singh, G. Taylor

Proceedings Volume 5660, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.581417

KEYWORDS: Raman spectroscopy, Laser induced fluorescence, Minerals, Mars, Luminescence, Sensors, Raman scattering, LIDAR, Prototyping, Spectroscopy

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Proceedings Article | 30 December 2004 Paper

Paper

An imaging radiometer for measurement of lunar polar cold trap temperatures

Paul Lucey, Karl Blasius, Ben Bussey, Roger Hoelter, Jeffrey Gillis, Stefanie Lawson, Michael Mellon, John Spencer, Mary Urquhart, Ashwin Vasavada, Angel Wang

Proceedings Volume 5660, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.578457

KEYWORDS: Temperature metrology, Radiometry, Sensors, Mars, Data modeling, Space operations, Space telescopes, Electronics, Infrared radiation, Radar

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Proceedings Article | 30 December 2004 Paper

Paper

Is random noise causing a poor correlation between the Lunar Prospector TiO2 data and Clementine UVVIS-color ratio?

Jeffrey Gillis, Paul Lucey

Proceedings Volume 5660, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.579003

KEYWORDS: Spectroscopy, Reflectivity, Titanium, Soil science, Ultraviolet radiation, Visible radiation, Calibration, Image processing, Imaging systems, Minerals

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Proceedings Article | 12 August 2004 Paper

Paper

LWIR spectral measurements of volcanic sulfur dioxide plumes

Aimee Mares, Richard Olsen, Paul Lucey

Proceedings Volume 5425, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.540949

KEYWORDS: Long wavelength infrared, Atmospheric modeling, Absorption, Sensors, Plutonium, Sulfur, Infrared radiation, Imaging systems, Data modeling, Ultraviolet radiation

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Proceedings Article | 10 February 2004 Paper

Paper

A remote Raman system for planetary exploration: evaluating remote Raman efficiency

Julie Stopar, Paul Lucey, Shiv Sharma, Anupam Misra, Hugh Hubble

Proceedings Volume 5163, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.505090

KEYWORDS: Raman spectroscopy, Minerals, Hematite, Calcite, Calibration, Spectroscopy, Micro raman spectroscopy, Quartz, Solids, Pulsed laser operation

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Proceedings Article | 7 January 2004 Paper

Paper

Mini-SMIFTS: an uncooled LWIR hyperspectral sensor

Paul Lucey, Brett Wilcox

Proceedings Volume 5159, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.505098

KEYWORDS: Long wavelength infrared, Interferometers, Sensors, Signal to noise ratio, Microbolometers, Hyperspectral imaging, Calibration, Cameras, Infrared sensors, Imaging systems

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Proceedings Article | 7 January 2004 Paper

Paper

Calibration of the University of Hawaii's airborne hyperspectral imager

Michael Winter, Paul Lucey, Tim Williams, Mark Wood

Proceedings Volume 5159, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.510198

KEYWORDS: Calibration, Sensors, Imaging systems, Distortion, Hyperspectral imaging, Staring arrays, Black bodies, Error analysis, Image processing, CCD cameras

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Proceedings Article | 7 January 2004 Paper

Paper

Recent results from AHI: an LWIR hyperspectral imager

Paul Lucey, Tim Williams, Michael Winter

Proceedings Volume 5159, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.505096

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Polarization, Spectrographs, Sulfur, Long wavelength infrared, Hyperspectral imaging, Staring arrays, Imaging systems, Spectroscopy, Spectral resolution

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Proceedings Article | 23 September 2003 Paper

Paper

Improved error mitigation in endmember unmixing of hyperspectral images via image partitioning of targetlike spectral anomalies

Donovan Steutel, Michael Winter, Paul Lucey

Proceedings Volume 5093, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.487471

KEYWORDS: Target detection, Image processing, Buildings, Hyperspectral imaging, Image analysis, Hyperspectral target detection, Detection and tracking algorithms, Vegetation, Error analysis, Reflectivity

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Proceedings Article | 23 September 2003 Paper

Paper

Examining hyperspectral unmixing error reduction due to stepwise unmixing

Michael Winter, Paul Lucey, Donovan Steutel

Proceedings Volume 5093, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.487392

KEYWORDS: Error analysis, Hyperspectral imaging, Reflectivity, Sensors, Statistical analysis, Image analysis, Data modeling, Remote sensing, Atmospheric corrections, Statistical modeling

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Proceedings Article | 2 August 2002 Paper

Paper

Automated material map generation using hyperspectral data: a case study using AVIRIS imagery

Paul Lucey, Michael Winter, Edwin Winter, Donovan Steutel

Proceedings Volume 4725, (2002) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.478744

KEYWORDS: Vegetation, Detection and tracking algorithms, Algorithm development, Image processing, Hyperspectral imaging, Associative arrays, Databases, Minerals, Spectroscopy, Image segmentation

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Proceedings Article | 10 October 2001 Paper

Paper

Three years of operation of AHI: the University of Hawaii's Airborne Hyperspectral Imager

Paul Lucey, Tim Williams, J. Hinrichs, Michael Winter, Donovan Steutel, Edwin Winter

Proceedings Volume 4369, (2001) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.445281

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Calibration, Infrared imaging, Imaging systems, Infrared radiation, Staring arrays, Hyperspectral imaging, Black bodies, Signal to noise ratio, Long wavelength infrared

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Proceedings Article | 10 October 2001 Paper

Paper

Preliminary results from AHI at the MUST 2000 experiment in Cairns, Australia

Michael Winter, Paul Lucey, Tim Williams, Donovan Steutel

Proceedings Volume 4369, (2001) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.445282

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Thermography, Infrared imaging, Hyperspectral imaging, Algorithm development, Infrared radiation, Detection and tracking algorithms, Atmospheric corrections, Image segmentation, Imaging systems

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Proceedings Article | 20 August 2001 Paper

Paper

Efficient materials mapping for hyperspectral data

Paul Lucey, Michael Winter, Edwin Winter, Donovan Steutel

Proceedings Volume 4381, (2001) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.437005

KEYWORDS: Vegetation, Minerals, Chemical analysis, Databases, Sensors, Associative arrays, Statistical analysis, Image processing, Remote sensing, Diagnostics

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Proceedings Article | 8 February 2001 Paper

Paper

Analysis of data from a thermal infrared hyperspectral instrument

Edwin Winter, Paul Lucey, Michael Winter

Proceedings Volume 4151, (2001) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.417015

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Calibration, Land mines, Infrared radiation, Black bodies, Mining, Hyperspectral imaging, Remote sensing, Particles, Thermography

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While reflection band hyperspectral instruments have been in use for over a decade, only recently has data from airborne thermal IR hyperspectral instruments become available. One such instrument is the Airborne Hyperspectral Imager (AHI). AHI is a pushbroom sensor developed by the University of Hawaii that spans the 8 to 11.5 micrometer spectral band with 32 spectral bands and 256 simultaneous spatial channels. While many analysis techniques used for reflection band hyperspectral processing can be applied to the thermal band, new procedures had to be developed. In particular, sensor noise and sensor non-linearity induced spectral artifacts are a greater problem than for the VNIR and SWIR. The process begins with calibration, with different calibration files being used to optimize the reduction of sensor artifacts such as shading and striping. Once the data has been calibrated to radiance units, the absorption and path radiance effects of the atmosphere can be removed, if atmospheric truth is available. Following this step, the apparent emissivity is calculated for every pixel in each band. The data is now in a form that is analogous to the apparent reflectance images developed for reflection band data. At this point spectral analysis techniques can be applied to classify the image. The procedure used here was to use an automated endmember determination algorithm, N- FINDR, to determine spectral endmembers and unmix the data cube into fractional abundances. Since some endmembers are likely to result from residual sensor and cultural artifacts, the automated endmember determination and unmixing procedure is performed interactively to optimize results. Both the fractional abundance planes and the endmember spectra themselves are then reviewed for artifacts. Selected abundance planes that correspond to real minerals can then be combined into a classification map. In this paper, AHI data collected for two applications: the detection of buried land mine application and a geological remote sensing application will be presented using similar processing steps.

Proceedings Article | 29 December 2000 Paper

Paper

Potential for prebiotic chemistry at the poles of the Moon

Paul Lucey

Proceedings Volume 4137, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.411612

KEYWORDS: Hydrogen, Solar processes, Wind energy, Ultraviolet radiation, Ions, Comets, Chemistry, Clouds, Chemical reactions, Sputter deposition

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Proceedings Article | 15 November 2000 Paper

Paper

Performance of the AHI airborne thermal infrared hyperspectral imager

Paul Lucey, Tim Williams, Michael Winter, Edwin Winter

Proceedings Volume 4132, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.406587

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Calibration, Infrared radiation, Infrared imaging, Land mines, Black bodies, Thermography, Hyperspectral imaging, Imaging systems, Absorption

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Proceedings Article | 15 November 2000 Paper

Paper

Thermal infrared hyperspectral analysis of the NASA Mars rover test site at Silver Lake, California

Michael Winter, Paul Lucey, Keith Horton, Edwin Winter, Jeffrey Moersch

Proceedings Volume 4132, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.406600

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Calibration, Black bodies, Infrared radiation, Silver, Mars, Infrared imaging, Hyperspectral imaging, Data conversion, Thermography

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Proceedings Article | 31 October 2000 Paper

Paper

Observations of the moon using the Air Force Maui Space Surveillance Complex

Paul Lucey

Proceedings Volume 4091, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.405778

KEYWORDS: Long wavelength infrared, Surveillance, Telescopes, Temperature metrology, Spatial resolution, Control systems, Observatories, Radiometry, Infrared telescopes, Thermography

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Proceedings Article | 17 July 2000 Paper

Paper

Two years of operations of AHI: an LWIR hyperspectral imager

Paul Lucey, Tim Williams, Michael Winter, Edwin Winter

Proceedings Volume 4030, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.391786

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Infrared imaging, Land mines, Calibration, Imaging systems, Infrared radiation, Long wavelength infrared, Hyperspectral imaging, Staring arrays, Black bodies

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Proceedings Article | 30 March 2000 Paper

Paper

S-asteroid spectral interpreter (SASI): spectral analysis system for the Near-Earth Asteroid Rendezvous (NEAR) mission using a neural network preprocessor

Paul Lucey

Proceedings Volume 4055, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.380579

KEYWORDS: Asteroids, Minerals, Neural networks, Reflectivity, Absorption, Scattering, Data modeling, Iron, Chemical analysis, Evolutionary algorithms

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Proceedings Article | 21 December 1998 Paper

Paper

Requirements for calibration of focal plane arrays for imaging spectrometers

Paul Lucey, Edwin Winter

Proceedings Volume 3498, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.333644

KEYWORDS: Calibration, Sensors, Imaging arrays, Spectrometers, Black bodies, Imaging systems, Detector arrays, Signal to noise ratio, Image sensors, Hyperspectral imaging

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Proceedings Article | 5 November 1998 Paper

Paper

AHI: an airborne long-wave infrared hyperspectral imager

Paul Lucey, Tim Williams, Marc Mignard, Jeffrey Julian, Daniel Kobubun, Gregory Allen, David Hampton, William Schaff, Michael Schlangen, Edwin Winter, William Kendall, Alan Stocker, Keith Horton, Anu Bowman

Proceedings Volume 3431, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.330205

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Staring arrays, Spectrographs, Calibration, Land mines, Hyperspectral imaging, Imaging systems, Long wavelength infrared, Digital signal processing, Infrared imaging

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Proceedings Article | 4 November 1996 Paper

Paper

Atmospheric corrections for mid-IR (3- to 5-um) spectroscopy

Karl Bornhoeft, Paul Lucey, Keith Horton

Proceedings Volume 2818, (1996) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.256084

KEYWORDS: Atmospheric modeling, Sensors, Spectroscopy, Temperature metrology, Atmospheric corrections, Atmospheric sensing, Data modeling, Absorption, Mid-IR, Spectral resolution

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Proceedings Article | 31 May 1996 Paper

Paper

Experiments to support the development of techniques for hyperspectral mine detection

Edwin Winter, Michael Schlangen, Anu Bowman, Michael Carter, Charles Bennett, David Fields, William Aimonetti, Paul Lucey, Jeannie Johnson, Keith Horton, Tim Williams, Alan Stocker, Ara Oshagan, A. Trent DePersia, Craig Sayre

Proceedings Volume 2759, (1996) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.241163

KEYWORDS: Mining, Land mines, Spectrometers, Infrared radiation, Infrared imaging, Sensors, Long wavelength infrared, Particles, Infrared detectors, Hyperspectral imaging

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Proceedings Article | 20 June 1995 Paper

Paper

Phenomenology considerations for hyperspectral mine detection

A. Trent DePersia, Anu Bowman, Paul Lucey, Edwin Winter

Proceedings Volume 2496, (1995) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.211312

KEYWORDS: Land mines, Infrared radiation, Mining, Spectroscopy, Sensors, Mid-IR, Long wavelength infrared, Infrared sensors, Thermography, Minerals

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Proceedings Article | 23 September 1993 Paper

Paper

SMIFTS: a cryogenically cooled, spatially modulated imaging infrared interferometer spectrometer

Paul Lucey, Keith Horton, Tim Williams, K. Hinck, C. Budney, Bruce Rafert, T. Rusk

Proceedings Volume 1937, (1993) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.157050

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Detector arrays, Spectroscopy, Interferometers, Spectral resolution, Fourier transforms, Modulation, Mirrors, Infrared spectroscopy, Imaging spectroscopy

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Showing 5 of 82 publications

Proceedings Volume Editor (1)

SPIE Conference Volume | 30 December 2004

Instruments, Science, and Methods for Geospace and Planetary Remote Sensing

Conference Committee Involvement (2)

Instruments, Science, and Methods for Geospace and Planetary Remote Sensing

9 November 2004 | Honolulu, Hawai'i, United States

Fourth International Asia-Pacific Environmental Remote Sensing Symposium 2004: Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere, Ocean, Environment, and Space

8 November 2004 | Honolulu, United States

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