Structured illumination microscope (SIM) enables high temporal resolution wide field-of-view super-resolution imaging but typically provides only two-fold resolution improvement over the diffraction limit. We report speckle metamaterial-assisted illumination nanoscopy (Speckle-MAIN) which brings the resolution down to 40nm and beyond. A hyperbolic metamaterial structure is implemented as substrate to generate deep sub-wavelength speckle-like illumination pattern at the near field of the metamaterial. Fluorescent objects are illuminated by such high spatial-frequency near field illuminations and are reconstructed by a Blind-SIM algorithm. Speckle-MAIN provides a new route for low-cost easy-implemented super-resolution imaging with ultra-high resolution and biocompatibility.
In the past two decades, various super-resolution fluorescence microscopic techniques have achieved an axial resolution on the order of tens of nanometers and been applied for a wide range of biological studies. However, these imaging techniques still face technical challenges to reach a resolution below 10 nm. Moreover, the required complex system for these techniques limits their wide applications in practice. In this talk, we present a new cellular fluorescence imaging method with a nanometer-scale axial resolution, based on a distance-dependent photobleaching suppression of fluorophores on hyperbolic metamaterial. We will show that by applying this technology to image HeLa cell membranes tagged with fluorescent proteins, an axial resolution of ~3 nm at multiple colors can be achieved, allowing for a precise determination of the architecture of cell adhesion.
KEYWORDS: Spectroscopy, Signal detection, Optical resonators, Associative arrays, Sensors, Optical arrays, High speed imaging, Optical design, Current controlled current source
Conventional sensing techniques work by doing a point-by-point mapping of information from a signal to a detector, whether in spectrometry or imaging. However, there are alternative ways to acquire a signal of interest. By structuring the spectral properties of a measurement, it is possible to impose a sensing pattern onto the signal of interest, and then algorithmically recover the signal from the detected measurements. This allows for a computational isolation of the signal from the measurement, which has potential benefits in flexibility, speed, or resolution. To that end, we have developed a device for spectral engineering using an array of optical resonators. We can then multiplex the properties of our device onto the signal, and the signal then becomes encoded with a known pattern. From this, we recover the signal. The flexibility in our device is shown as we use it for both imaging and spectrometry. We anticipate this method to be useful for a wide variety of applications from high-speed imaging to compact spectrometry.
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