We have developed a versatile optothermal microrobot platform that enables low-power optical manipulations of variable synthetic particles and biological cells. An Internet-based interface has been developed to allow user(s) to manipulate the microrobots from their smartphones, laptops and desktops from anywhere at any time, enabling connected workspaces for anywhere productivity. Five manipulation modes (i.e., rotating, rolling, pushing, pulling and braking) have been achieved, which can be switched on-demand for the variable tasks. The multimodal and nanoscale manipulation of the robots enables in situ single-cell characterizations to achieve three-dimensional cellular imaging and membrane protein profiling.
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