The aim of this paper is to present the novel proposition of the human motion modelling and recognition approach that enables real time MoCap signal evaluation. By motions (actions) recognition we mean classification. The role of this approach is to propose the syntactic description procedure that can be easily understood, learnt and used in various motion modelling and recognition tasks in all MoCap systems no matter if they are vision or wearable sensor based. To do so we have prepared extension of Gesture Description Language (GDL) methodology that enables movements description and real-time recognition so that it can use not only positional coordinates of body joints but virtually any type of discreetly measured output MoCap signals like accelerometer, magnetometer or gyroscope. We have also prepared and evaluated the cross-platform implementation of this approach using Lua scripting language and JAVA technology. This implementation is called Data Driven GDL (DD-GDL). In tested scenarios the average execution speed is above 100 frames per second which is an acquisition time of many popular MoCap solutions.
KEYWORDS: Kinematics, Principal component analysis, Data modeling, Motion models, 3D modeling, Visualization, Multimedia, Data acquisition, Visual process modeling, Cognitive modeling
The motivation for this paper is to initially propose and evaluate two new kinematics models that were developed to describe motion capture (MoCap) data of karate techniques. We decided to develop this novel proposition to create the model that is capable to handle actions description both from multimedia and professional MoCap hardware. For the evaluation purpose we have used 25-joints data with karate techniques recordings acquired with Kinect version 2. It is consisted of MoCap recordings of two professional sport (black belt) instructors and masters of Oyama Karate. We have selected following actions for initial analysis: left-handed furi-uchi punch, right leg hiza-geri kick, right leg yoko-geri kick and left-handed jodan-uke block. Basing on evaluation we made we can conclude that both proposed kinematics models seems to be convenient method for karate actions description. From two proposed variables models it seems that global might be more useful for further usage. We think that because in case of considered punches variables seems to be less correlated and they might also be easier to interpret because of single reference coordinate system. Also principal components analysis proved to be reliable way to examine the quality of kinematics models and with the plot of the variable in principal components space we can nicely present the dependences between variables.
Gesture Description Language (GDL) is a classifier that enables syntactic description and real time recognition of full-body gestures and movements. Gestures are described in dedicated computer language named Gesture Description Language script (GDLs). In this paper we will introduce new GDLs formalisms that enable recognition of selected classes of movement trajectories. The second novelty is new unsupervised learning method with which it is possible to automatically generate GDLs descriptions. We have initially evaluated both proposed extensions of GDL and we have obtained very promising results. Both the novel methodology and evaluation results will be described in this paper.
The main contribution of this article is to evaluate the utility of different state-of-the-art deformable contour models for segmenting carotid lumen walls from computed tomography angiography images. We have also proposed and tested a new tracking-based lumen segmentation method based on our evaluation results. The deformable contour algorithm (snake) is used to detect the outer wall of the vessel. We have examined four different snakes: with a balloon, distance, and a gradient vector flow force and the method of active contours without edges. The algorithms were evaluated on a set of 32 artery lumens—16 from the common carotid artery (CCA)-the internal carotid artery section and 16 from the CCA-the external carotid artery section—in order to find the optimum deformable contour model for this task. Later, we evaluated different values of energy terms in the method of active contours without edges, which turned out to be the best for our dataset, in order to find the optimal values for this particular segmentation task. The choice of particular weights in the energy term was evaluated statistically. The final Dice’s coefficient at the level of 0.939±0.049 puts our algorithm among the best state-of-the-art methods for these solutions.
The original contribution is to propose an intensity-based segmentation algorithm for extracting the carotid artery bifurcation region and validate the proposed solution on real patients’ CTA data. The proposed homogeneity criteria allow the production of locally smooth segmentations and prevent excessive growth into neighboring tissues of similar densities. The obtained segmentation results are compared to manual findings of a radiologist and measured with the Dice similarity coefficient (D si ). This technique has been shown to be a reliable tool as effective as top state-of-the-art methods (D si =93.6%±3.5% ).
The proposed framework for cognitive analysis of perfusion computed tomography images is a fusion of image processing, pattern recognition, and image analysis procedures. The output data of the algorithm consists of: regions of perfusion abnormalities, anatomy atlas description of brain tissues, measures of perfusion parameters, and prognosis for infracted tissues. That information is superimposed onto volumetric computed tomography data and displayed to radiologists. Our rendering algorithm enables rendering large volumes on off-the-shelf hardware. This portability of rendering solution is very important because our framework can be run without using expensive dedicated hardware. The other important factors are theoretically unlimited size of rendered volume and possibility of trading of image quality for rendering speed. Such rendered, high quality visualizations may be further used for intelligent brain perfusion abnormality identification, and computer aided-diagnosis of selected types of pathologies.
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