Polarization mode dispersion may be the optical impediment that prevents future system upgrades to higher transmission
speeds or longer reach. In contrast to chromatic dispersion, PMD is a statistical quantity making it extremely difficult
and expensive to compensate. Thus fibers with low PMD where no such compensation is needed is therefore of great
interest. This paper discusses the levels of PMD that can be tolerated at future transmission speeds and relate these to the
current ITU-T recommendations. The focus of this paper is the issues that have to be considered in order to manufacture
fibers and cables with sufficiently low PMD levels. This includes process control, fiber spinning, and proper
measurement of the PMD. A correct PMD measurement makes it possible to judge whether a specific step in the process
introduces or changes PMD. We show that the proper process control and PMD measurements have facilitated
production and installation of large volume of cables with PMD low enough to support future upgrades.
In this paper we present a method for passive stand off detection of trip wires. The concept described has the ability to detect trip wires camouflaged in a wide variety of natural backgrounds. The system includes an IR camera using the 3-5 micron band and a polarizing filter. A simple software algorithm is used to dewarp the trip wire in the scenes.
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