The present study evaluated the capability of saliva analysis combining membrane protein purification with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) for noninvasive detection of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). A rapid and convenient protein purification method based on cellulose acetate membrane was developed. A total of 659 high-quality SERS spectra were acquired from purified proteins extracted from the saliva samples of 170 patients with pathologically confirmed NPC and 71 healthy volunteers. Spectral analysis of those saliva protein SERS spectra revealed specific changes in some biochemical compositions, which were possibly associated with NPC transformation. Furthermore, principal component analysis combined with linear discriminant analysis (PCA-LDA) was utilized to analyze and classify the saliva protein SERS spectra from NPC and healthy subjects. Diagnostic sensitivity of 70.7%, specificity of 70.3%, and diagnostic accuracy of 70.5% could be achieved by PCA-LDA for NPC identification. These results show that this assay based on saliva protein SERS analysis holds promising potential for developing a rapid, noninvasive, and convenient clinical tool for NPC screening.
The early cancer detection is of great significance to increase the patient’s survival rate and reduce the risk of cancer development. Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) technique, a rapid, convenient, nondestructive optical detection method, can provide a characteristic “fingerprint” information of target substances, even achieving single molecule detection. Its ultra-high detection sensitivity has made it become one of the most potential biochemical detection methods. Saliva, a multi-constituent oral fluid, contains the bio-markers which is capable of reflecting the systemic health condition of human, showing promising potential as an effect medium for disease monitoring. Compared with the serum samples, the collection and processing of saliva is safer, more convenient and noninvasive. Thus, saliva test is becoming the hotspot issues of the noninvasive cancer research field. This review highlights and analyzes current application progress within the field of SERS saliva test in cancer detection. Meanwhile, the primary research results of SERS saliva for the noninvasive differentiation of nasopharyngeal cancer, normal and rhinitis obtained by our group are shown.
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) can provide detailed molecular structure and composition information, and has demonstrated great potential in biomedical filed. This spectroscopy technology has become one of the most important optical techniques in the early diagnosis of cancer. Nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) is a malignant neoplasm arising in the nasopharyngeal epithelial lining, which has relatively high incidence and death rate in Southeast Asia and southern China. This paper reviews the current progress of SERS in the field of cancer diagnostics, including gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, cervical cancer and nasopharyngeal cancer. In addition to above researches, we recently develop a novel NPC detection method based on tissue section using SERS, and obtain primary results. The proposed method has promising potential for the detection of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy is a non-contact, non-invasive, and low-cost optical technique that provides real-time feedback about the absorptive characteristics and the microstructure properties of biological tissue. This optical technique shows the potential for monitoring metabolic status associated with malignancy transformation. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is the third most frequently diagnosed cancer associated with virus and is the most common male malignancy with a characteristic regional and racial distribution worldwide. This paper investigates the current screening state of nasopharyngeal malignancies and also provides an overview on the applications of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy in the cancer detection. Furthermore, the latest research relevant to the diagnosis of NPC in vitro tissue using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy is introduced. The results of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy are summarized, showing a significant experimental and clinical value for further NPC detection in vivo in the future.
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