Lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) are capable of converting near-infrared (NIR) excitation to visible and ultraviolet emission via stepwise multiphoton processes. They offer unique advantages (e.g. sharp emission bands, superb photostability and long lifetimes1) compared to conventional dyes and quantum dots, enabling advanced detection and imaging for biologically important molecules. However, their application to live cells and small animals has been practically limited due to the potential damage under high-power laser illumination, as well as concerns for life scientists who do not necessary possess sufficient knowledge and experience in laser safety. Therefore, we have been exploring new strategies to develop UCNPs that are capable of excitation by incoherent sources such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs), in particular via increased number of sensitizer ions and coating of inert shells.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
INSTITUTIONAL Select your institution to access the SPIE Digital Library.
PERSONAL Sign in with your SPIE account to access your personal subscriptions or to use specific features such as save to my library, sign up for alerts, save searches, etc.