Non-destructive testing (NDT) of materials and structures is a very important industrial issue in the fields of transport, aeronautics and space as well as in the medical domain. Active infrared thermography is an NDT method that consists in providing an external excitation to cause an elevation of the temperature field in the material, consequently allowing evaluation of the resulting temperature field at the surface. However, thermal exciters that are used (flash lamps, halogen, lasers) act only on the surface of the sample. On the other hand, several energy conversion systems can lead to the generation of volumetric sources; the phenomena of thermoacoustics, thermo-induction, thermomechanics or thermochemistry can be cited. For instance, ultrasonic waves can generate volumetric heat sources if the material is viscoelastic or if there is a defect. The reconstruction of these sources is the initial process for the quantification of parameters responsible for the heating. Characterizing a heat source means reconstructing its geometry and the supplied power. Identification of volumetric heat sources from surface temperature fields is a mathematically ill-posed problem. The main cause of the issue is the diffusive nature of the temperature. In this work, 3D reconstruction of the volumetric heat sources from the resulting surface temperature field, measured by infrared thermography, is studied. An analysis of the physical problem enables specifying the limits of the reconstruction. In particular, a criterion on the achievable spatial resolution is defined, and a reconstruction limitation for in-depth sources is highlighted.
In this paper is presented an IR imaging technique allowing one to retrieve quantitative concentration and temperature maps with relatively fast acquisition times of samples evolving in time. A model study is realized based on the drying of a drop of colloidal dispersion in confined geometry and quantitative maps of colloid volume fraction and temperature everywhere in the dorp are retrieved. Finally, a secondary technique of IR tomography is presented to extend the setup sensitivity to the thickness of the sample and 3D tomographs of both thermal emissivity and IR absorbance of a silica gel are constructed numerically.
We present a methodology to measure the in-plane thermal diffusivity of (an)isotropic samples using flying spot thermography. We obtain an analytical expression for the surface temperature distribution when a continuous wave laser spot scans the sample surface at constant velocity. By analyzing this expression, we propose three simple methods to measure the thermal diffusivity in the directions parallel and perpendicular to the motion. The methodology can also be applied in the case where the laser spot is at rest, and the specimen moves at constant velocity. This configuration is interesting for in-line evaluation of industrial products. Finally, we present a set-up allowing the inspection of large and complex parts, by means of a robotic arm used to displace the part and orient the region of interest perpendicular to the optical axis of the camera.
The first imaging system that is able to measure transient temperature phenomena taking place inside a bulk by 3D tomography is presented. This novel technique combines the power of terahertz waves and the high sensitivity of infrared imaging. The tomography reconstruction is achieved by the 3D motion of the sample at several angular positions followed by inverse Radon transform processing to retrieve the 3D transient temperatures. The aim of this novel volumetric imaging technique is to locate defects within the whole target body as well as to measure the temperature in the whole volume of the target. This new-fashioned thermal tomography will revolutionize the non-invasive monitoring techniques for volume inspection and in-situ properties estimations.
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