Prof. Casey T. DeRoo Profile

Prof. Casey T. DeRoo

SPIE Involvement:

Author

Area of Expertise:

X-ray Spectroscopy , Optical Design , Reflection Gratings , Microfabrication

Websites:

Personal Website

Publications (66)

SPIE Journal Paper | 16 October 2024

Arcus X-ray telescope performance predictions and alignment requirements

Hans Moritz Günther, Peter Cheimets, Casey DeRoo, Ralf Heilmann

JATIS, Vol. 11, Issue 01, 011005, (October 2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JATIS.11.1.011005

KEYWORDS: Computed tomography, Charge-coupled devices, X-rays, Photons, Spectral resolution, Sensors, Optical gratings, Simulations, X-ray telescopes, Tolerancing

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Proceedings Article | 22 August 2024 Poster

Simulation of spectral ghosts generated by recently fabricated ultraviolet reflection gratings

Cecilia Fasano, Casey DeRoo, Keri Hoadley, Fernando Cruz Aguirre, Jared Termini, Randall McEntaffer, Fabien Grisé, Jake McCoy

Proceedings Volume 13093, 130935F (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3018988

Proceedings Article | 22 August 2024 Poster

Figure correction of adjustable x-ray optic segments with thin-film PZT actuators

Kenny Buffo, Casey DeRoo, Paul Reid, Vladimir Kradinov, Vanessa Marquez, Susan Trolier-McKinistry, Nathan Bishop, Thomas Jackson, Quyen Tran, Hanyuan Liang, Mohit Tendulkar, Tianning Liu

Proceedings Volume 13093, 130935H (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3015945

Proceedings Article | 22 August 2024 Presentation

The Small NASA Optical Ultraviolet Telescope (SNOUT): a SmallSat mission concept to connect extreme UV stellar flare to exoplanetary atmospheres

Keri Hoadley, Allison Youngblood, Sarah Peacock, Eliad Peretz, Bert Pasquale, Scott Bounds, Jeff Dolan, Richard Dvorsky, Casey DeRoo, Graham Kerr, Tommi Koskinen, Arika Egan, Kevin France

Proceedings Volume 13093, 130930D (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3017168

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Proceedings Article | 22 August 2024 Presentation

Curved diffractive optics for high energy spectroscopy: current status and challenges

Casey DeRoo, Fabien Grisé, Randall McEntaffer, James Tutt, Cecilia Fasano

Proceedings Volume 13093, 1309312 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3020294

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Proceedings Article | 22 August 2024 Poster

Electron-beam lithography-driven development of diffraction gratings for UV missions

Fabien Grisé, Randall McEntaffer, Jake McCoy, Brian Fleming, Mackenzie Carlson, Casey DeRoo, Cecilia Fasano, Kevin France, Briana Indahl, Nick Kruczek, Stephan McCandliss, Drew Miles

Proceedings Volume 13093, 1309344 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3020541

Proceedings Article | 21 August 2024 Poster + Paper

Characterizing fabrication quality and UV performance of UV gratings

Jared A. Termini, Keri Hoadley, Casey DeRoo, Cecilia Fasano, Paul Scowen, Manuel Quijada, Mateo Batkis, Javier Del Hoyo, Luis Rodriguez-de-Marcos, Erika Hamden, Jessica Li

Proceedings Volume 13093, 1309342 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3016276

KEYWORDS: Ultraviolet radiation, Blazed gratings, Surface roughness, Fabrication, Diffraction gratings, Optical gratings, Coating, Interferometry, Diffraction, Spectral resolution

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Proceedings Article | 21 August 2024 Poster + Paper

Characterizing x-ray optics for OGRE and its Pathfinder mission

Alexandra Higley, Jake McCoy, Randall McEntaffer, Bridget O'Meara, James Tutt, Vadim Burwitz, Gisela Hartner, Andreas Langmeier, Thomas Müller, Surangkhana Rukdee, Thomas Schmidt, Andrew Holland, Daniel Evan, Karen Holland, David Colebrook, David Gopinath, Casey DeRoo

Proceedings Volume 13093, 1309351 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3018456

KEYWORDS: Reflection gratings, X-rays, Optical gratings, Spectroscopy, Silicon, Blazed gratings, Spectral resolution, Diffraction gratings, Point spread functions, Telescopes

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Proceedings Article | 21 August 2024 Presentation + Paper

The Arcus Probe Mission

Randall Smith, Jon Arenberg, Marshall Bautz, Ehud Behar, Dolon Bhattacharyya, Jay Bookbinder, Joel Bregman, Laura Brenneman, Nancy Brickhouse, G. Esra Bulbul, Vadim Burwitz, Joseph Bushman, Peter Cheimets, Elisa Costantini, Casey Deroo, Benjamin Donovan, Abraham Falcone, Brian Fleming, Adam Foster, Kevin France, Peter Friedrich, Luigi Gallo, Catherine Grant, H. Moritz Günther, Daryl Haggard, Ralf Heilmann, Sarah Heine, Butler Hine, David Huenemoerder, Jelle Kaastra, Igor Kreykenbohm, Sibasish Laha, Pamela Marcum, Herman Marshall, Randall McEntaffer, Missagh Mehdipour, Eric Miller, Jon Miller, Kirpal Nandra, Nicholas Nell, Michael Nowak, Frits Paerels, Katya Poppenhaeger, Andrew Ptak, Agata Rozanska, Jenna Samra, Jeremy Sanders, Mark Schattenburg, Norbert Schulz, Leroy Mark Sparr, Pasquale Temi, Todd Tripp, Lynne Valencic, Joern Wilms, Stephen Walker, David Wilson, Scott Wolk

Proceedings Volume 13093, 1309326 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3022452

KEYWORDS: X-rays, Ultraviolet radiation, Spectroscopy, Galactic astronomy, Stars, Physics, Data modeling, Absorption, Solar processes, Metals

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SPIE Journal Paper | 10 August 2024

Soft X-ray quantum efficiency of a commercial CMOS imaging sensor

Colin M. Packard, Steve Tammes, Philip Kaaret, Casey DeRoo, Jessica McChesney, John Freeland, Fanny Rodolakis

JATIS, Vol. 10, Issue 03, 036001, (August 2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JATIS.10.3.036001

KEYWORDS: Quantum efficiency, CMOS sensors, X-rays, Photodiodes, Quantum uncertainty, Quantum sensors, Calibration, Charge-coupled devices, Crystals, X-ray imaging

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SPIE Journal Paper | 2 August 2024

Adjustable X-ray optics: thin-film actuator measurement and figure correction performance

Kenneth Buffo, Casey DeRoo, Paul Reid, Vladimir Kradinov, Vanessa Marquez, Susan Trolier-McKinstry, Nathan Bishop, Thomas Jackson, Quyen Tran, Hanyuan Liang, Mohit Tendulkar

JATIS, Vol. 10, Issue 03, 039003, (August 2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JATIS.10.3.039003

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Iterated function systems, X-ray optics, Thin films, Optical testing, Piezoelectric thin film actuators, X-rays, Ferroelectric materials, Optical actuators, Metrology

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Proceedings Article | 18 June 2024 Presentation

Fabrication of gratings on curved substrates using electron-beam lithography

Fabien Grisé, Casey DeRoo, Cecilia Fasano, Randall McEntaffer

Proceedings Volume PC13021, PC1302102 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3017602

KEYWORDS: Reflection gratings, Lithography, Fabrication, Optical lithography, X-rays, Space observatories, Optical alignment, Nanofabrication, Mirrors, Interferometry

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Proceedings Article | 6 October 2023 Presentation

Fabrication and characterization of electroactive polymer actuators for high-resolution adjustable x-ray optics

Banafsheh Beheshtipour, Manel Errando, Casey DeRoo, Kenneth Buffo

Proceedings Volume 12679, 1267909 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2676809

KEYWORDS: Fabrication, X-ray optics, Electroactive polymers, Polymeric actuators, Mirrors, Electrodes, X-rays, X-ray technology, Wavefront sensors, Silicon

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Proceedings Article | 6 October 2023 Presentation

Characterization of customized curved gratings made with electron-beam lithography

Casey DeRoo, Cecilia Fasano, Fabien Grisé, Randall McEntaffer

Proceedings Volume 12679, 126790M (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2677416

KEYWORDS: Reflection gratings, Lithography, Optical gratings, Design and modelling, Wavefronts, X-rays, Spectral resolution, Silicon, Quality measurement, Optical design

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Proceedings Article | 6 October 2023 Presentation

Fabrication of gratings on curved substrates using electron-beam lithography

Fabien Grisé, Casey DeRoo, Jake McCoy, Cecilia Fasano, Randall McEntaffer

Proceedings Volume 12679, 126790K (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2677795

KEYWORDS: Reflection gratings, Lithography, Fabrication, Spectral resolution, Space observatories, Optical lithography, Optical design, Optical alignment, Nanofabrication

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Proceedings Article | 5 October 2023 Poster + Paper

Thin-film PZT actuator performance in adjustable x-ray optic segments

Kenneth Buffo, Casey DeRoo, Paul Reid, Vladimir Kradinov, Vanessa Marquez, Susan Trolier-McKinstry, Nathan Bishop, Thomas Jackson, Quyen Tran, Hanyuan Liang, Tianning Liu, Mohit Tendulkar

Proceedings Volume 12679, 1267915 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2675949

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Iterated function systems, Actuators, X-ray optics, Finite element methods, X-rays, Ferroelectric materials, Thin films, Piezoelectric thin film actuators, Electrodes

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Proceedings Article | 5 October 2023 Paper

Designing and characterizing UV gratings for exoplanet habitability studies

Jared A. Termini, Keri Hoadley, Casey DeRoo, Cecilia Fasano

Proceedings Volume 12678, 1267818 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2676387

KEYWORDS: Blazed gratings, Ultraviolet radiation, Diffraction gratings, Surface roughness, Diffraction, Optical gratings, Spectral resolution, Interferometry, Coating, Exoplanets

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Proceedings Article | 5 October 2023 Poster + Paper

Arcus x-ray telescope performance and alignment

Hans Moritz Günther, Peter Cheimets, Eric Miller, Casey DeRoo, Randall Smith, Andrew Ptak, Ralf Heilmann

Proceedings Volume 12678, 126781D (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2677455

KEYWORDS: Ultraviolet radiation, Equipment, Charge-coupled devices, X-rays, Spectral resolution, Optical gratings, Simulations, Vignetting, Dispersion

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Proceedings Article | 27 September 2023 Presentation

Informing the fabrication of ultraviolet reflection gratings with interferometric measurements

Cecilia Fasano, Casey DeRoo, Keri Hoadley, Jared Termini, Fabien Grisé

Proceedings Volume 12678, 126780S (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2676138

KEYWORDS: Reflection gratings, Ultraviolet radiation, Fabrication, Stellar interferometry, Electron beam lithography, Blazed gratings, Etching, Astronomical interferometry, Stitching interferometry, X-rays

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Proceedings Article | 31 August 2022 Presentation + Paper

Arcus: exploring the formation and evolution of clusters, galaxies, and stars

Randall Smith, Marshall Bautz, Joel Bregman, Laura Brenneman, Nancy Brickhouse, Esra Bulbul, Vadim Burwitz, Joseph Bushman, Claude Canizares, Deepto Chakrabarty, Peter Cheimets, Elisa Costantini, Casey DeRoo, Abe Falcone, Adam Foster, Luigi Gallo, Catherine Grant, Hans Moritz Guenther, Ralf Heilmann, Sarah Heine, Butler Hine, David Huenemoerder, Steve Jara, Jelle Kaastra, Erin Kara, Ingo Kreykenbohm, Kristin Madsen, Herman Marshall, Michael McDonald, Randall McEntaffer, Jon Miller, Eric Miller, Richard Mushotzky, Kirpal Nandra, Michael Nowak, Fritis Paerels, Robert Petre, Katja Poppenhaeger, Andrew Ptak, Paul Reid, Karolyn Ronzano, Agata Rozanska, Jenna Samra, Jeremy Sanders, Mark Schattenburg, Jonathan Schonfeld, Norbert Schulz, Alan Smale, Pasquale Temi, Lynne Valencic, Stephen Walker, Joern Wilms, Scott Wolk

Proceedings Volume 12181, 1218121 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2628628

KEYWORDS: X-rays, Galactic astronomy, Absorption, Stars, Ionization, Spectroscopy, Galaxy groups and clusters, Diagnostics

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Proceedings Article | 31 August 2022 Poster + Paper

Determining ideal grating parameters for UV blazed gratings

Jared A. Termini, Keri Hoadley, Casey DeRoo, Cecilia Fasano, Erika Hamden, Jessica Li

Proceedings Volume 12181, 121812Q (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2628739

KEYWORDS: Diffraction gratings, Diffraction, Ultraviolet radiation, Optical design, Energy efficiency, Silicon, Optical lithography, Mirrors, Electron beam lithography, Computer simulations

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Proceedings Article | 31 August 2022 Presentation + Paper

Flight-like critical-angle transmission grating x-ray performance for Arcus

Ralf Heilmann, Alexander Bruccoleri, Vadim Burwitz, Peter Cheimets, Casey DeRoo, Alan Garner, Eric Gullikson, Hans Moritz Günther, Gisela Hartner, Edward Hertz, Andreas Langmeier, Thomas Mueller, Surangkhana Rukdee, Thomas Schmidt, Randall Smith, Mark Schattenburg

Proceedings Volume 12181, 1218116 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2628195

KEYWORDS: X-ray astronomy, X-ray optics, X-ray telescopes, X-ray technology, Diffraction gratings, X-rays, Diffraction, Silicon, Spectral resolution, Tolerancing, Spectroscopy, Semiconducting wafers, Ray tracing

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Proceedings Article | 29 August 2022 Poster

Fabricating the next generation of high energy reflection gratings

Cecilia Fasano, Casey DeRoo, Keri Hoadley, Fabien Grise, Randall McEntaffer, Jake McCoy, Erika Hamden, Jessica Li

Proceedings Volume 12181, 121814M (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2629389

KEYWORDS: Diffraction gratings, Fabrication, Nanoimprint lithography, Electron beam lithography, X-rays, X-ray lithography, X-ray diffraction, Spectrographs, Spectral resolution, Potassium

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Proceedings Article | 26 August 2022 Presentation

Fabrication of custom astronomical gratings for the next decade (and beyond)

Fabien Grisé, Randall McEntaffer, Brian Fleming, Casey DeRoo, Nick Kruczek, Drew Miles, Kevin France, Jake McCoy, Cecilia Fasano, Stephan McCandliss, Chad Eichfeld, Michael Labella, Mackenzie Carlson

Proceedings Volume 12181, 1218119 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2630492

KEYWORDS: Custom fabrication, Astronomy, X-rays, Spectrographs, Lithography, Diffraction gratings, X-ray lithography, Spectral resolution, Space observatories, Rockets

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SPIE Journal Paper | 2 June 2022

Stress-balancing in piezoelectric adjustable x-ray optics

Nathan Bishop, Vladimir Kradinov, Paul Reid, Thomas Jackson, Casey DeRoo, Susan Trolier-McKinstry

JATIS, Vol. 8, Issue 02, 029004, (June 2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JATIS.8.2.029004

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Actuators, X-ray optics, X-rays, Thin films, Glasses, Iridium, Coating, Prototyping, Sputter deposition

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SPIE Journal Paper | 8 April 2022

Characterization of gamma-ray-induced radiation effects on a commercial CMOS sensor for x-ray small satellites

Tyler Roth, Steve Tammes, Philip Kaaret, Casey DeRoo, Colin Packard

JATIS, Vol. 8, Issue 02, 026001, (April 2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JATIS.8.2.026001

KEYWORDS: Sensors, X-rays, CMOS sensors, Spectral resolution, Radiation effects, X-ray imaging, Satellites, Manganese, Satellite communications, Manufacturing

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Proceedings Article | 24 August 2021 Presentation + Paper

Development for a metrology system for the Arcus MIDEX mission

Jacob Hohl, Peter Cheimets, Casey DeRoo, Edward Hertz, Moritz Gunther, Kristin Madsen, Jenna Samra, Alan Schier, Randall Smith, Stephen Walker

Proceedings Volume 11821, 1182107 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2594671

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Metrology, Cameras, Motion measurement, Imaging systems, Detection and tracking algorithms, Image resolution, Target detection, Observatories

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Proceedings Article | 23 August 2021 Presentation + Paper

Process development for adjustable X-ray mirrors

Mohit Tendulkar, Tianning Liu, Nicole Kirchner-Hall, Nathan Bishop, Quyen Tran, Casey DeRoo, Vincenzo Cotroneo, Vladimir Kradinov, Vanessa Marquez, Paul Reid, Susan Trolier-McKinstry, Thomas Jackson

Proceedings Volume 11822, 1182213 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2595316

KEYWORDS: Active optics, Thin film devices, Piezoelectric thin film actuators, X-ray optics, Mirrors, X-rays, Actuators, Ferroelectric materials, Zinc oxide, Lithography

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Proceedings Article | 10 August 2021 Presentation

Assessing the spectral resolution of high energy diffraction gratings made with electron-beam lithography

Casey DeRoo, Randall McEntaffer, Fabien Grise, Benjamin Donovan

Proceedings Volume 11822, 1182217 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2594708

KEYWORDS: Spectral resolution, Lithography, Electron beam lithography, Diffraction gratings, Signal processing, X-rays, Ultraviolet radiation, Stars, Spectrometer engineering, Spectroscopy

Proceedings Article | 5 August 2021 Presentation

Optical metrology of an adjustable x-ray mirror prototype

Casey DeRoo, Paul Reid, Vanessa Marquez, Vladimir Kradinov, Susan Trolier-McKinstry, Nathan Bishop, Thomas Jackson, Mohit Tendulkar, Quyen Tran

Proceedings Volume 11822, 118220Z (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2594726

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Proceedings Article | 5 August 2021 Presentation

CMOS sensors for X-ray detection

Philip Kaaret, Steve Tammes, Tyler Roth, Casey DeRoo

Proceedings Volume 11821, 118210R (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2594312

KEYWORDS: X-rays, Charge-coupled devices, Temperature metrology, Satellites, CMOS sensors, X-ray detectors, Satellite communications, Back illuminated sensors

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Proceedings Article | 1 August 2021 Presentation

Strain gauging for on-orbit figure monitoring of adjustable X-ray optics: systems analyses

Paul Reid, Vladimir Kradinov, Mark Freeman, Nathan Bishop, Casey DeRoo, Thomas Jackson, Vanessa Marquez, Mohit Tendulkar, Quyen Tran, Susan Trolier-McKinstry

Proceedings Volume 11822, 1182214 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2595160

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SPIE Journal Paper | 22 December 2020

Soft x-ray detection for small satellites with a commercial CMOS sensor at room temperature

Steve Tammes, Tyler Roth, Philip Kaaret, Casey DeRoo, Abdallah Elmaleh, Jessica McChesney, Fanny Rodolakis

JATIS, Vol. 6, Issue 04, 046004, (December 2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JATIS.6.4.046004

KEYWORDS: X-rays, CMOS sensors, Sensors, X-ray detectors, Satellites, Satellite communications, X-ray imaging, Charge-coupled devices, Cameras, Silicon

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Proceedings Article | 9 September 2019 Presentation + Paper

Curved diffractive x-ray optics for astronomy

Casey DeRoo, Randall McEntaffer, Benjamin Donovan, Fabien Grisé, William Zhang, Maximilien Collon, Nicolas Barrière

Proceedings Volume 11119, 1111910 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2528817

KEYWORDS: Freeform optics, X-rays, Spectroscopy, Electron beam lithography, Mirrors, Optical lithography, X-ray optics, Optical design, Absorption, Diffraction gratings, X-ray astronomy

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Proceedings Article | 9 September 2019 Presentation + Paper

Arcus: the soft x-ray grating explorer

Randall Smith, Margaret Abraham, Grace Baird, Marshall Bautz, Jay Bookbinder, Joel Bregman, Laura Brenneman, Nancy Brickhouse, David Burrows, Vadim Burwitz, Joseph Bushman, Claude Canizares, Deepto Chakrabarty, Peter Cheimets, Elisa Costantini, Simon Dawson, Casey DeRoo, Abraham Falcone, Adam Foster, Luigi Gallo, Catherine Grant, H. Moritz Günther, Ralf Heilmann, Butler Hine, David Huenemoerder, Steve Jara, Jelle Kaastra, Ingo Kreykenbohm, Kristin Madsen, Michael McDonald, Michael McEachen, Randall McEntaffer, Herman Marshall, Eric Miller, Jon Miller, Elisabeth Morse, Richard Mushotzky, Kirpal Nandra, Michael Nowak, Frits Paerels, Robert Petre, Katja Poppenhaeger, Andrew Ptak, Paul Reid, Karolyn Ronzano, Jeremy Sanders, Mark Schattenburg, Jonathan Schonfeld, Norbert Schulz, Alan Smale, Pasquale Temi, Lynne Valencic, Stephen Walker, Richard Willingale, Joern Wilms, Scott Wolk

Proceedings Volume 11118, 111180W (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2529499

KEYWORDS: X-rays, Space operations, Spectroscopy, Charge-coupled devices, Galactic astronomy, Sensors, Point spread functions, Spectral resolution, Absorption

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Proceedings Article | 9 September 2019 Paper

arcusTrace: modular raytracing software for the Arcus x-ray spectrometer

Casey DeRoo, Dustin Swarm, Randall Smith

Proceedings Volume 11116, 111161F (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2528497

KEYWORDS: Performance modeling, X-rays, Monte Carlo methods, Ray tracing, Geometrical optics, Spectroscopy, Galactic astronomy, Spectroscopes, Photons, Argon

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Proceedings Article | 12 July 2019 Open Access

X-ray testing at PANTER of optics for the ATHENA and Arcus Missions

Vadim Burwitz, Marcos Bavdaz, Eric Wille, Max Collon, Giuseppe Vacanti, Nicolas Barriere, Giuseppe Valsecchi, Fabio Marioni, Dervis Vernani, Thibault Seure, Steffen Blum, Richard Willingale, Randall Smith, Casey de Roo, Ed Hertz, Gisela Hartner, Marlis-Madeleine La Caria, Carlo Pelliciari, Andreas Langmeier, Stefan Felix Hartl

Proceedings Volume 11180, 1118024 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2535995

KEYWORDS: X-ray optics, Mirrors, X-rays, Point spread functions, Optical alignment, Optical fabrication, Sensors, Silicon, X-ray detectors, Optical testing

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SPIE Journal Paper | 23 March 2019 Open Access

Thickness distribution of sputtered films on curved substrates for adjustable x-ray optics

Nathan Bishop, Julian Walker, Casey DeRoo, Tianning Liu, Mohit Tendulkar, Vincenzo Cotroneo, Edward Hertz, Vladimir Kradinov, Eric Schwartz, Paul Reid, Thomas Jackson, Susan Trolier-McKinstry

JATIS, Vol. 5, Issue 02, 021005, (March 2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JATIS.5.2.021005

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, X-ray optics, Sputter deposition, Finite element methods, Glasses, Ferroelectric materials, X-rays, Actuators, Prototyping, Mathematical modeling

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Piezoelectric adjustable x-ray optics use magnetron sputtered thin film coatings on both sides of a thin curved glass substrate. To produce an optic suitable for a mission requiring high-angular resolution like “Lynx,” the integrated stresses (stress×thickness) of films on both sides of the optic must be approximately equal. Thus, understanding how sputtered film thickness distributions change for convex and concave curved substrates is necessary. To address this, thickness distributions of piezoelectric Pb0.995(Zr0.52Ti0.48)0.99Nb0.01O3 films are studied on flat, convex, and concave cylindrical substrates with a 220-mm radius of curvature. A mathematical model of the film thickness distribution is derived based on the geometric properties of the sputter tool and the substrate, and film thicknesses deposited with a commercially available sputtering tool are measured with spectroscopic ellipsometry. Experiment and modeled results for flat and convex curved substrates demonstrate good agreement, with average relative thickness distribution difference of 0.19% and −0.10% respectively, and a higher average difference of 1.4% for concave substrates. The calculated relative thickness distributions are applied to the convex and concave sides of a finite-element analysis (FEA) model of an adjustable x-ray optic prototype. The FEA model shows that, left uncorrected, the relative film thickness variation will yield an optic with an optical performance of 2.6 arc sec half power diameter (HPD) at 1 keV. However, the mirror figure can be corrected to diffraction-limited performance (0.3 arc sec HPD) using the piezoelectric adjusters, suggesting that the tolerances for applying a balanced integrated stress on both sides of a mirror are alleviated for adjustable x-ray optics as compared to traditional static x-ray mirrors. Furthermore, the piezoelectric adjusters will also allow changes in mirror figure over the telescope lifetime due to drift in the stress states of the x-ray surfaces to be corrected on orbit.

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Proceedings Article | 26 October 2018 Presentation + Paper

Progress in development of adjustable optics for x-ray astronomy

Vincenzo Cotroneo, Casey DeRoo, Thomas Jackson, Vladimir Kradinov, Tianning Liu, Vanessa Marquez, Paul Reid, Daniel Schwartz, Eric Schwartz, Mohit Tendulkar, Susan Trolier-McKinstry, Julian Walker

Proceedings Volume 10761, 1076109 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2323283

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Optics manufacturing, Ferroelectric materials, X-ray optics, Glasses, Prototyping, X-ray telescopes, Actuators, Crystals, Electronics

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Proceedings Article | 28 August 2018 Paper

Progress in ion beam figuring of very thin slumped glass plates for lightweight x-ray telescope

M. Civitani, M. Ghigo, J. Holyszko, G. Vecchi, S. Basso, V. Cotroneo, C. De Roo, E. Schwartz, P. Reid

Proceedings Volume 10699, 106990T (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2313599

KEYWORDS: Glasses, Ion beam finishing, Error analysis, Ion beams, Mirrors, X-ray telescopes, X-ray optics, Data acquisition, Silicon, Rutherfordium

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Proceedings Article | 10 July 2018 Presentation

Arcus: the x-ray grating spectrometer explorer (Conference Presentation)

Andrew Ptak, Randall Smith, Meghan Abraham, Marshall Bautz, Jay Bookbinder, Joel Bregman, Laura Brenneman, Nancy Brickhouse, David Burrows, Vadim Burwitz, Peter Cheimets, Elisa Costantini, Simon Dawson, Casey DeRoo, Abe Falcone, Adam Foster, Luigi Gallo, Catherine Grant, Hans Guenther, Ralf Heilmann, Ed Hertz, Butler Hine, David Huenemoerder, Jelle Kaastra, Ingo Kreykenbohm, Kristin Madsen, Randall McEntaffer, Eric Miller, Jon Miller, Elisabeth Morse, Richard Mushotzky, Kirpal Nandra, Michael Nowak, Fritz Paerels, Robert Petre, Katja Poppenhaeger, Paul Reid, Jeremy Sanders, Mark Schattenburg, Norbert Schulz, Alan Smale, Pasquale Temi, Lynne Valencic, Stephen Walker, Richard Willingale, Joern Wilms, Scott Wolk

Proceedings Volume 10699, 1069926 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2313965

KEYWORDS: X-rays, Spectroscopy, X-ray optics, Atmospheric propagation, Space operations, Observatories, Spectral resolution, Galactic astronomy, Stars, Exoplanets

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Proceedings Article | 6 July 2018 Paper

Ray-tracing Arcus in phase A

Hans M. Günther, C. DeRoo, R. Heilmann, E. Hertz, R. Smith, J. Wilms

Proceedings Volume 10699, 106996F (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2312678

KEYWORDS: X-ray astronomy, Spectrographs, Charge-coupled devices, Spectral resolution, Photons, Tolerancing, Dispersion, Mirrors, Point spread functions

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Spectroscopy of soft X-rays is an extremely powerful tool to understand the physics of hot plasmas in the universe, but in many cases, such as kinematic properties of stellar emission lines or weak absorption features, we have reached the limits of current instrumentation. Critical-angle transmission (CAT) gratings blaze the dispersed spectra into high orders and also offer high throughput. We present detailed ray-traces for the Arcus mission, which promises an effective area > 300 cm² in the soft X-ray band. It uses four petals of Athena-like silicon pore optics. Each petal spans an azimuth of about 30 degrees and thus offers a point-spread function that is significantly narrower in one dimension than a full mirror would provide. Each of these channels has its own optical axis. For each channel, CAT gratings are arranged on a tilted Rowland torus, and the four separate tori are positioned to overlap in such a way that the dispersed spectra from both pairs can be imaged onto a common set of CCD detectors, while at the same time keeping the requirement of the spectroscopic focus. Our ray-traces show that a set of 16 CCDs is sufficient to cover both zeroth orders and most of the dispersed signal. We study the impact of misalignment, finite size of components, and spacecraft jitter on the spectral resolution and effective area and prove that the design achieves R > 3000 even in the presence of these non-ideal effects. In 2017, we presented the ray-traces for the initial Arcus proposal. Since then, Arcus was accepted for a phase A study and we have spent a lot of additional effort to tweak the optical design (for example, we originally intended to have two petals each share an optical axis, but decided against it to avoid alignment constraints) and to link it back to practical mechanical engineering tolerances. In the process, parameters that were only roughly known in the initial proposal have been set to much better than a millimeter, and effects that seemed not important initially have now been studied in much more detail. This contribution presents those detailed studies and tells the story how we used ray-traces to make a better instrument with a more robust design.

Proceedings Article | 6 July 2018 Paper

Blazed transmission grating technology development for the Arcus x-ray spectrometer explorer

Ralf Heilmann, Alexander Bruccoleri, Jungki Song, Casey DeRoo, Peter Cheimetz, Edward Hertz, Randall Smith, Vadim Burwitz, Gisela Hartner, Marlis-Madeleine La Caria, Carlo Pelliciari, Hans Guenther, Sarah N. Heine, Beverly LaMarr, Herman Marshall, Norbert Schulz, Eric Gullikson, Mark Schattenburg

Proceedings Volume 10699, 106996D (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2314180

KEYWORDS: Diffraction gratings, X-rays, Spectroscopy, Optical alignment, Diffraction, Optical design, Silicon, Charge-coupled devices, X-ray technology

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SPIE Journal Paper | 19 March 2018

Deterministic figure correction of piezoelectrically adjustable slumped glass optics

Casey DeRoo, Ryan Allured, Vincenzo Cotroneo, Edward Hertz, Vanessa Marquez, Paul Reid, Eric Schwartz, Alexey Vikhlinin, Susan Trolier-McKinstry, Julian Walker, Thomas Jackson, Tianning Liu, Mohit Tendulkar

JATIS, Vol. 4, Issue 01, 019004, (March 2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JATIS.4.1.019004

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Iterated function systems, X-ray optics, Metrology, Glasses, Composites, Optics manufacturing, Finite element methods, Ferroelectric materials, X-rays

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Proceedings Article | 5 October 2017 Presentation + Paper

Thermal forming of glass substrates for adjustable optics

Vincenzo Cotroneo, Ryan Allured, Casey DeRoo, Kenneth Gurski, Vanessa Marquez, Paul Reid, Eric Schwartz

Proceedings Volume 10399, 103990Y (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2275738

KEYWORDS: Glasses, X-ray telescopes, Thermography, X-ray optics, Telescopes, X-rays, Observatories, Spatial resolution, Actuators, Surface finishing

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Proceedings Article | 21 September 2017 Presentation + Paper

Advancements in ion beam figuring of very thin glass plates

M. Civitani, M. Ghigo, J. Hołyszko, G. Vecchi, S. Basso, V. Cotroneo, C. DeRoo, E. Schwartz, P. Reid

Proceedings Volume 10399, 103991E (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2275555

KEYWORDS: Glasses, Ion beams, Mirrors, X-ray optics, Spatial resolution, X-ray telescopes, Statistical analysis, Shape analysis, Telescopes

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Proceedings Article | 19 September 2017 Presentation

Diffraction efficiency of a replicated large-format x-ray reflection grating (Conference Presentation)

Drew Miles, Jake McCoy, Randall McEntaffer, Casey DeRoo

Proceedings Volume 10399, 1039913 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2272605

KEYWORDS: Diffraction gratings, X-rays, Diffraction, Spectroscopes, Imaging spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Energy efficiency, X-ray technology, Spectrometers, Light sources

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Proceedings Article | 19 September 2017 Presentation + Paper

Lynx Mission concept status

Jessica Gaskin, Ryan Allured, Simon Bandler, Stefano Basso, Marshall Bautz, Michael Baysinger, Michael Biskach, Tyrone Boswell, Peter Capizzo, Kai-Wing Chan, Marta Civitani, Lester Cohen, Vincenzo Cotroneo, Jacqueline Davis, Casey DeRoo, Michael DiPirro, Alexandra Dominguez, Leo Fabisinski, Abraham Falcone, Enectali Figueroa-Feliciano, Jay Garcia, Karen Gelmis, Ralf Heilmann, Randall Hopkins, Thomas Jackson, Kiranmayee Kilaru, Ralph Kraft, Tianning Liu, Ryan McClelland, Randy McEntaffer, Kevin McCarley, John Mulqueen, Feryal Özel, Giovanni Pareschi, Paul Reid, Raul Riveros, Mitchell Rodriguez, Justin Rowe, Timo Saha, Mark Schattenburg, Andrew Schnell, Daniel Schwartz, Peter Solly, Robert Suggs, Steven Sutherlin, Douglas Swartz, Susan Trolier-McKinstry, James Tutt, Alexey Vikhlinin, Julian Walker, Wonsik Yoon, William Zhang

Proceedings Volume 10397, 103970S (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2273911

KEYWORDS: X-rays, Astrophysics, Galactic astronomy, Environmental sensing, Stars, Planetary systems, X-ray optics, Observatories

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Proceedings Article | 29 August 2017 Presentation + Paper

Design and fabrication of adjustable x-ray optics using piezoelectric thin films

J. Walker, T. Liu, M. Tendulkar, D. Burrows, C. DeRoo, R. Allured, E. Hertz, V. Cotroneo, P. Reid, E. Schwartz, T. Jackson, S. Trolier-McKinstry

Proceedings Volume 10399, 103991K (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2275351

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Thin films, X-ray optics, Glasses, Ferroelectric materials, X-rays, Electrodes, Modulation, Coating, Radio optics

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Proceedings Article | 29 August 2017 Presentation + Paper

Arcus: exploring the formation and evolution of clusters, galaxies, and stars

R. Smith, M. Abraham, R. Allured, M. Bautz, J. Bookbinder, J. Bregman, L. Brenneman, N. Brickhouse, D. Burrows, V. Burwitz, P. Cheimets, E. Costantini, S. Dawson, C. DeRoo, A. Falcone, A. Foster, L. Gallo, C. Grant, H. Günther, R. Heilmann, E. Hertz, B. Hine, D. Huenemoerder, J. Kaastra, I. Kreykenbohm, K. Madsen, R. McEntaffer, E. Miller, J. Miller, E. Morse, R. Mushotzky, K. Nandra, M. Nowak, F. Paerels, R. Petre, K. Poppenhaeger, A. Ptak, P. Reid, J. Sanders, M. Schattenburg, N. Schulz, A. Smale, P. Temi, L. Valencic, S. Walker, R. Willingale, J. Wilms, S. Wolk

Proceedings Volume 10397, 103970Q (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2272818

KEYWORDS: X-rays, Imaging spectroscopy, Stars, Spectroscopy, Space operations, Spectral resolution, Galactic astronomy, Visible radiation, Computed tomography, Silicon

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Proceedings Article | 29 August 2017 Presentation + Paper

Deterministic figure correction of piezoelectrically adjustable slumped glass optics

Proceedings Volume 10399, 103991M (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2275210

KEYWORDS: X-ray optics, Glasses, X-rays, Mirrors, Thin films, Actuators, Thermography, Optical fabrication, Metrology, Testing and analysis

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Proceedings Article | 27 October 2016 Presentation + Paper

Thermal forming of substrates for the x-ray surveyor telescope

Vincenzo Cotroneo, Ryan Allured, Paul Reid, Casey DeRoo, Daniel Schwartz, Vanessa Marquez, Alexey Vikhlinin, Marta Civitani, Bianca Salmaso, Giovanni Pareschi

Proceedings Volume 9965, 99650C (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2239223

KEYWORDS: X-rays, Mirrors, Glasses, Telescopes, Silicon, X-ray telescopes, Silica, Metrology, Surface finishing, Polishing

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Proceedings Article | 30 September 2016 Paper

Arcus: the x-ray grating spectrometer explorer

R. Smith, M. Abraham, R. Allured, M. Bautz, J. Bookbinder, J. Bregman, L. Brenneman, N. Brickhouse, D. Burrows, V. Burwitz, R. Carvalho, P. Cheimets, E. Costantini, S. Dawson, C. DeRoo, A. Falcone, A. Foster, C. Grant, R. Heilmann, E. Hertz, B. Hine, D. Huenemoerder, J. Kaastra, K. Madsen, R. McEntaffer, E. Miller, J. Miller, E. Morse, R. Mushotzky, K. Nandra, M. Nowak, F. Paerels, R. Petre, L. Plice, K. Poppenhaeger, A. Ptak, P. Reid, J. Sanders, M. Schattenburg, N. Schulz, A. Smale, P. Temi, L. Valencic, S. Walker, R. Willingale, J. Wilms, S. Wolk

Proceedings Volume 9905, 99054M (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2231778

KEYWORDS: X-rays, Stars, Space telescopes, Sensors, Mirrors, Telescopes, Control systems, Calibration, Observatories, Sun

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Proceedings Article | 5 August 2016 Paper

Development of the x-ray camera for the OGRE sub-orbital rocket

Matthew R. F. Lewis, Matthew Soman, Andrew Holland, Neil Murray, David Hall, Daniel Weatherill, James Tutt, Randall McEntaffer, Casey DeRoo, Ted Schultz, Karen Holland

Proceedings Volume 9915, 991506 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2232812

KEYWORDS: X-rays, Rockets, Cameras, Sensors, Photons, Charge-coupled devices, Silicon, Back illuminated sensors, Copper, Optics manufacturing

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Proceedings Article | 27 July 2016 Paper

New lithographic techniques for x-ray spectroscopy

Jake McCoy, Randall McEntaffer, Casey DeRoo

Proceedings Volume 9905, 990524 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2232072

KEYWORDS: X-rays, Lithography, Lithography, Mirrors, Manufacturing, Silicon, Semiconducting wafers, Telescopes, Space telescopes, Optics manufacturing, Coating

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Proceedings Article | 18 July 2016 Paper

The evolution of structure and feedback with Arcus

Laura Brenneman, Randall Smith, J. Bregman, J. Kaastra, N. Brickhouse, R. Allured, A. Foster, S. Wolk, J. Wilms, L. Valencic, R. Willingale, C. Grant, M. Bautz, R. Heilmann, D. Huenemoerder, E. Miller, M. Nowak, M. Schattenburg, N. Schulz, V. Burwitz, K. Nandra, J. Sanders, J. Bookbinder, R. Petre, A. Ptak, A. Smale, D. Burrows, K. Poppenhaeger, E. Costantini, C. DeRoo, R. McEntaffer, R. Mushotzky, J. Miller, P. Temi

Proceedings Volume 9905, 99054P (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2231193

KEYWORDS: X-rays, Stars, Galactic astronomy, Neon, Stars, Galactic astronomy, Absorption, Ions, Iron, Plasma, Ionization, X-ray optics

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SPIE Journal Paper | 25 April 2016 Open Access

Line spread functions of blazed off-plane gratings operated in the Littrow mounting

Casey DeRoo, Randall McEntaffer, Drew Miles, Thomas Peterson, Hannah Marlowe, James Tutt, Benjamin Donovan, Benedikt Menz, Vadim Burwitz, Gisela Hartner, Ryan Allured, Randall Smith, Ramses Günther, Alex Yanson, Giuseppe Vacanti, Marcelo Ackermann

JATIS, Vol. 2, Issue 02, 025001, (April 2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JATIS.2.2.025001

KEYWORDS: Diffraction gratings, Magnesium, X-rays, Diffraction, Silicon, Spectroscopy, Sensors, Point spread functions, Semiconducting wafers, Etching

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SPIE Journal Paper | 22 December 2015 Open Access

Performance testing of an off-plane reflection grating and silicon pore optic spectrograph at PANTER

Ramses Günther, Hannah Marlowe, Randall McEntaffer, Ryan Allured, Casey DeRoo, Benjamin Donovan, Drew Miles, James Tutt, Vadim Burwitz, Benedikt Menz, Gisela Hartner, Randall Smith, Peter Cheimets, Edward Hertz, Jay Bookbinder, Alex Yanson, Giuseppe Vacanti, Marcelo Ackermann

JATIS, Vol. 1, Issue 04, 045004, (December 2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JATIS.1.4.045004

KEYWORDS: Spectrographs, Diffraction gratings, Silicon, Sensors, X-rays, Charge-coupled devices, Astronomical imaging, Telescopes, Diffraction, CCD image sensors

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Proceedings Article | 21 September 2015 Paper

Off-plane x-ray reflection grating fabrication

Thomas Peterson, Casey DeRoo, Hannah Marlowe, Randall McEntaffer, Drew Miles, James Tutt, Ted Schultz

Proceedings Volume 9603, 960317 (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2188302

KEYWORDS: X-rays, Silicon, Diffraction gratings, Semiconducting wafers, Etching, Charge-coupled devices, Spectrometers, X-ray astronomy, Manufacturing, Silica

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Proceedings Article | 18 September 2015 Paper

Technological developments of the OGRE focal plane array

James Tutt, Randall McEntaffer, Casey DeRoo, Ted Schultz, Thomas Rogers, Neil Murray, Andrew Holland, Daniel Weatherill, Karen Holland, David Colebrook, David Farn

Proceedings Volume 9601, 960105 (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2186630

KEYWORDS: Cameras, X-rays, Charge-coupled devices, Sensors, Rockets, Photons, Prototyping, Computer aided design, Image storage, Silicon

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Proceedings Article | 4 September 2015 Paper

Optical and x-ray alignment approaches for off-plane reflection gratings

Ryan Allured, Benjamin Donovan, Casey DeRoo, Hannah Marlowe, Randall McEntaffer, James Tutt, Peter Cheimets, Edward Hertz, Randall Smith, Vadim Burwitz, Gisela Hartner, Benedikt Menz

Proceedings Volume 9603, 960315 (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2186412

KEYWORDS: Optical alignment, X-rays, Ultraviolet radiation, Actuators, X-ray optics, Spectrographs, Telescopes, Point spread functions, Silicon, Spectral resolution

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Proceedings Article | 4 September 2015 Paper

Diffraction efficiency of radially-profiled off-plane reflection gratings

Drew Miles, James Tutt, Casey DeRoo, Hannah Marlowe, Thomas Peterson, Randall McEntaffer, Benedikt Menz, Vadim Burwitz, Gisela Hartner, Christian Laubis, Frank Scholze

Proceedings Volume 9603, 960316 (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2186842

KEYWORDS: Diffraction gratings, Diffraction, X-rays, Fabrication, Spectral resolution, Energy efficiency, Rockets, X-ray diffraction, Holography, Prototyping

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Proceedings Article | 4 September 2015 Paper

Polarization sensitivity testing of off-plane reflection gratings

Hannah Marlowe, Randal McEntaffer, Casey DeRoo, Drew Miles, James Tutt, Christian Laubis, Victor Soltwisch

Proceedings Volume 9603, 960318 (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2186344

KEYWORDS: Polarization, X-rays, Grazing incidence, Neodymium, Electroluminescent displays, Solids, Polarimetry, Synchrotrons, X-ray optics, Silicon

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Proceedings Article | 12 May 2015 Paper

Performance testing of a novel off-plane reflection grating and silicon pore optic spectrograph at PANTER

Hannah Marlowe, Randall McEntaffer, Ryan Allured, Casey DeRoo, Drew Miles, Benjamin Donovan, James Tutt, Vadim Burwitz, Benedikt Menz, Gisela Hartner, Randall Smith, Ramses Günther, Alex Yanson, Giuseppe Vacanti, Marcelo Ackermann

Proceedings Volume 9510, 95100O (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2185693

KEYWORDS: Spectrographs, X-rays, Sensors, Silicon, Semiconducting wafers, Charge-coupled devices, CCD image sensors, Point spread functions, Dispersion, X-ray optics

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Proceedings Article | 23 July 2014 Paper

Developments in the EM-CCD camera for OGRE

James Tutt, Randall McEntaffer, Casey DeRoo, Ted Schultz, Drew Miles, William Zhang, Neil Murray, Andrew Holland, Webster Cash, Thomas Rogers, Steve O'Dell, Jessica Gaskin, Jeff Kolodziejczak, Anthony Evagora, Karen Holland, David Colebrook

Proceedings Volume 9154, 91540E (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2054872

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Cameras, X-rays, Aluminum, Photons, Silicon, Quantum efficiency, Rockets, Mirrors, CCD cameras

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