Prof. Theresa M. Busch Profile

Prof. Theresa M. Busch

Professor; Associate Director at Univ of Pennsylvania

SPIE Involvement:

Conference Program Committee | Author

Publications (34)

Proceedings Article | 13 March 2024 Presentation + Paper

Enhanced photodynamic therapy delivery for malignant pleural mesothelioma using 3D-printed models and optical scanning technology

Dennis Sourvanos, Hongjin Sun, Timothy Zhu, Andreea Dimofte, Weibing Yang, Theresa Busch, Keith Cengel, Brook Byrd, Rodrigo Neiva, Joseph Fiorellini

Proceedings Volume 12823, 1282309 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3005184

KEYWORDS: 3D modeling, Photodynamic therapy, 3D printing, Optical scanning, Tumor growth modeling, Mesothelioma, Lung, Dosimetry, Computed tomography, Anatomy

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Proceedings Article | 13 March 2024 Presentation + Paper

Red and near-infrared light dosimetry: a comprehensive analysis of tissue optical properties

Weibing Yang, Dennis Sourvanos, Madelyn Johnson, Timothy Zhu, Andreea Dimofte, Theresa Busch, Rodrigo Neiva, Joseph Fiorellini

Proceedings Volume 12826, 1282603 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3005238

KEYWORDS: Tissues, Optical properties, Muscles, Dosimetry, Light scattering, Photons, Absorption, Monte Carlo methods, Natural surfaces, Scattering

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Proceedings Article | 13 March 2024 Presentation + Paper

Assessing 661nm photobiomodulation light fluence rate transmission for optimal dose delivery

Dennis Sourvanos, Timothy Zhu, Andreea Dimofte, Theresa Busch, Weibing Yang, Rachel Ceccanecchio, Rodrigo Neiva, Todd Schoenbaum, Zhaoxu Chen, Kang Ko, Joseph Fiorellini

Proceedings Volume 12826, 1282605 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3005194

KEYWORDS: Tissues, Adipose tissue, Muscles, Dosimetry, Medicine, Wound healing, Statistical analysis, Anatomy, Optical transmission, Optical testing

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Proceedings Article | 12 March 2024 Presentation + Paper

Optimizing biophotonics and immune response research: a proposal for in vivo dose escalation and light dosimetry analysis in porcine models

Dennis Sourvanos, Timothy Zhu, Andreea Dimofte, Theresa Busch, Weibing Yang, Justin Burrell, Rodrigo Neiva, Todd Schoenbaum, Zhaoxu Chen, Kang Ko, Joseph Fiorellini

Proceedings Volume 12843, 1284305 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3005183

KEYWORDS: Tissues, Dosimetry, Medicine, Animal model studies, Anatomy, Statistical analysis, Muscles, In vivo imaging, Biological research, Optical properties

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Red and near-infrared light therapies operate within a range of 600-1,100 nm. These wavelengths have been widely recognized with clinical versatility for stimulating, restoring, and regenerating damaged tissues. This therapy has found applications across various fields, including medicine, dentistry, dermatology, neurology, and ophthalmology. Accurately tailoring the calculation of light irradiation to specific tissue targets is fundamental for achieving optimal clinical efficacy. The precision of light delivery is often challenged by the varying optical properties of tissues, such as absorption, scattering, reflection, and refraction. To overcome this challenge, standardized treatment doses are necessary to ensure optimal light delivery and efficacy of the therapy.

The validation of the porcine model as a reliable and effective platform for in vitro and vivo dose-escalation trials is central to the success of this study. This model has been extensively studied and proven to be a valuable tool in biomedical research due to its anatomical and physiological similarities to humans. This model has the potential to refine irradiation parameters and investigate immunologic responses for consistent results. These parameters are crucial for attaining the desired therapeutic outcomes and vary depending on clinical conditions, treatment objectives, and the characteristics of the target tissue.

The porcine model has proven to be a highly versatile subject in a wide range of biological research fields. Its usefulness extends to studies on nerve regeneration, immunology, bone biology, and titanium osseointegration, among others. Researchers have found that the similarities between porcine and human physiology make this model an excellent tool for advancing our understanding of complex biological processes. The porcine model can facilitate various light dose escalation trial formats while enabling comprehensive assessments that integrate in vivo dosimetry. This model can also be expanded to characterize tissue optical properties, CT analysis, tissue histology, immune cell profiling, inflammatory response evaluation, histomorphometry, and biomechanical testing. This approach creates a translational framework to integrate in vivo dose-escalation trials and reinforces the importance of precision light dosimetry analysis.

SPIE Journal Paper | 13 January 2024 Open Access

Clinical PDT dose dosimetry for pleural Photofrin-mediated photodynamic therapy

Hongjing Sun, Yihong Ong, Weibing Yang, Dennis Sourvanos, Andreea Dimofte, Theresa M. Busch, Sunil Singhal, Keith A. Cengel, Timothy C. Zhu

JBO, Vol. 29, Issue 01, 018001, (January 2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JBO.29.1.018001

KEYWORDS: Photodynamic therapy, Dosimetry, Picosecond phenomena, Fluorescence, Optical properties, Tissues, Navigation systems, Sensors, Optical testing, Singular value decomposition

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SignificancePhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is an established cancer treatment utilizing light-activated photosensitizers (PS). Effective treatment hinges on the PDT dose-dependent on PS concentration and light fluence-delivered over time. We introduce an innovative eight-channel PDT dose dosimetry system capable of concurrently measuring light fluence and PS concentration during treatment.AimWe aim to develop and evaluate an eight-channel PDT dose dosimetry system for simultaneous measurement of light fluence and PS concentration. By addressing uncertainties due to tissue variations, the system enhances accurate PDT dosimetry for improved treatment outcomes.ApproachThe study positions eight isotropic detectors strategically within the pleural cavity before PDT. These detectors are linked to bifurcated fibers, distributing signals to both a photodiode and a spectrometer. Calibration techniques are applied to counter tissue-related variations and improve measurement accuracy. The fluorescence signal is normalized using the measured light fluence, compensating for variations in tissue properties. Measurements were taken in 78 sites in the pleural cavities of 20 patients.ResultsObservations reveal minimal Photofrin concentration variation during PDT at each site, juxtaposed with significant intra- and inter-patient heterogeneities. Across 78 treated sites in 20 patients, the average Photofrin concentration for all 78 sites is 4.98 μM, with a median concentration of 4.47 μM. The average PDT dose for all 78 sites is 493.17 μMJ/cm2, with a median dose of 442.79 μMJ/cm2. A significant variation in PDT doses is observed, with a maximum difference of 3.1 times among all sites within one patient and a maximum difference of 9.8 times across all patients.ConclusionsThe introduced eight-channel PDT dose dosimetry system serves as a valuable real-time monitoring tool for light fluence and PS concentration during PDT. Its ability to mitigate uncertainties arising from tissue properties enhances dosimetry accuracy, thus optimizing treatment outcomes and bolstering the effectiveness of PDT in cancer therapy.

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SPIE Journal Paper | 31 October 2022 Open Access

In vivo spectroscopic evaluation of human tissue optical properties and hemodynamics during HPPH-mediated photodynamic therapy of pleural malignancies

Ryan D. Hall Morales, Yi Hong Ong, Jarod Finlay, Andreea Dimofte, Charles Simone, Joseph Friedberg, Theresa Busch, Keith Cengel, Timothy Zhu

JBO, Vol. 27, Issue 10, 105006, (October 2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JBO.27.10.105006

KEYWORDS: Tissue optics, Optical properties, Tissues, Photodynamic therapy, Spectroscopy, In vivo imaging, Hemodynamics, Tumors, Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, Absorption

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Proceedings Article | 7 March 2022 Presentation

The interplay of surgical immunosuppression with PDT antitumor immunity

Theresa Busch

Proceedings Volume PC11940, (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2618854

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Proceedings Article | 4 March 2022 Presentation + Paper

Real-time PDT dose dosimetry for pleural photodynamic therapy

Timothy Zhu, Hongjing Sun, Yi-Hong Ong, Ryan Hall Morales, Andreea Dimofte, Theresa Busch, Sunil Singhal, Keith Cengel

Proceedings Volume 11940, 1194002 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2612188

KEYWORDS: Photodynamic therapy, Picosecond phenomena, Navigation systems, Optical properties, Luminescence, Tissue optics, Sensors, Optical testing, Infrared imaging, Surgery

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Proceedings Article | 12 March 2021 Presentation + Paper

A comparison of two probes to determine rectum optical properties

Andrew Li, Yi Hong Ong, Celina Li, Jie He, Andreea Dimofte, Theresa Busch, Brian Wilson, Robert Weersink, Timothy Zhu

Proceedings Volume 11628, 1162808 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2582395

KEYWORDS: Optical properties, Rectum, Tissue optics, Solids, Sensors, Liquids, Finite element methods, Tumors, Transmittance, Prostate

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Proceedings Article | 8 March 2021 Presentation + Paper

Determination of the distribution of drug concentration and tissue optical properties for ALA-mediated photodynamic therapy

Yi Hong Ong, Andrew Li, Theresa Busch, Timothy Zhu

Proceedings Volume 11628, 1162806 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2581824

KEYWORDS: Tissue optics, Optical properties, Photodynamic therapy, Absorption, Spectroscopy, Luminescence, Light sources, In vivo imaging, Fluorescence spectroscopy

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Proceedings Article | 10 March 2020 Presentation

Tribulations in medicine: designing and implementing a trial of PDT plus vitamin D3 for high-grade anal dysplasia and microinvasive anal cancer (Conference Presentation)

Keith Cengel, Timothy Zhu, Sally McNulty, Edgar Ben-Josef, Theresa Busch

Proceedings Volume 11220, 112200H (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2552334

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Proceedings Article | 25 February 2020 Paper

Reactive oxygen species explicit dosimetry for the evaluations of treatment efficiency of single and fractionated ALA-mediated photodynamic therapy

Yi Hong Ong, Tianqi Sheng, Theresa Busch, Timothy Zhu

Proceedings Volume 11220, 112200R (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2546425

KEYWORDS: Photodynamic therapy, Tumors, Oxygen, Optical testing, In vivo imaging, Radiation oncology, Tissue optics, Picosecond phenomena, Natural surfaces, Fiber coupled lasers

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Proceedings Article | 24 February 2020 Paper

Method to determine tissue optical properties in anal canal during photodynamic therapy

Andrew Li, Yi Hong Ong, Andreea Dimofte, Theresa Busch, Timothy Zhu

Proceedings Volume 11220, 112200S (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2546433

KEYWORDS: Optical properties, Tissue optics, Photodynamic therapy, Light scattering, Liquids, Optical testing, Sensors, Scattering, Cancer, Oncology

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Proceedings Article | 7 August 2019 Paper

Determination of in-vivo tissue optical properties for anal photodynamic therapy

Andrew C. Li, Yi Hong Ong, Andreea Dimofte, Theresa M. Busch, Timothy C. Zhu

Proceedings Volume 11070, 11070BI (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2525624

KEYWORDS: Tissue optics, Optical properties, Photodynamic therapy, Light scattering, Optical testing, Liquids, In vivo imaging, Scattering, Sensors, Cancer

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Proceedings Article | 7 August 2019 Paper

Reactive oxygen species explicit dosimetry for Photofrin-mediated pleural photodynamic therapy

Yi Hong Ong, Michele M. Kim, Andrea Dimofte, Arjun G. Yodh, Sunil Singhal, Keith Cengel, Theresa Busch, Timothy C. Zhu

Proceedings Volume 11070, 11070B0 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2525619

KEYWORDS: Photodynamic therapy, Oxygen, Radiation oncology, Optical testing, In vivo imaging, Tissue optics, Chest, Physics

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Proceedings Article | 12 March 2019 Paper

Reactive oxygen species explicit dosimetry to predict local tumor control for Photofrin-mediated photodynamic therapy

Tianqi Sheng, Yi Hong Ong, Theresa Busch, Timothy Zhu

Proceedings Volume 10860, 108600V (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2508803

KEYWORDS: Photodynamic therapy, Tumors, Oxygen, Tissue optics, Luminescence, In vivo imaging, Optical testing, Cancer, Optical properties, Radiation effects

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Proceedings Article | 7 March 2019 Paper

Reactive oxygen species explicit dosimetry to predict tumor growth for BPD-mediated vascular photodynamic therapy

Tianqi Sheng, Yi Hong Ong, Theresa Busch, Timothy Zhu

Proceedings Volume 10861, 108610A (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2514657

KEYWORDS: Photodynamic therapy, Oxygen, Tumors, Tissue optics, Luminescence, In vivo imaging, Cancer, Optical properties, Oncology, Optical testing

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Proceedings Article | 14 March 2018 Presentation

Myeloperoxidase as an immunomodulator in intraoperative photodynamic therapy (Conference Presentation)

Richard Davis, Emma Snyder, Joann Miller, Astero Klampatsa, Steven Maceyko, Steven Albelda, Keith Cengel, Theresa Busch

Proceedings Volume 10476, 104760G (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2297115

KEYWORDS: Photodynamic therapy, Injuries, Tumors, Lymphatic system, Mesothelioma, Surgery, In vivo imaging, Lung, Mouse models, Tissues

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Proceedings Article | 14 March 2018 Presentation

Clinical and preclinical studies of tumor microenvironment in PDT: expectations and observations (Conference Presentation)

Theresa Busch

Proceedings Volume 10476, 104760E (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2292839

KEYWORDS: Photodynamic therapy, Inflammation, Clinical trials, Animal model studies, Systems modeling, Tumor growth modeling, Tumors, Mesothelioma, Head, Neck

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Proceedings Article | 19 April 2017 Presentation

The exploitation of inflammation in photodynamic therapy of pleural cancer (Conference Presentation)

Richard Davis, Joann Miller, Cassandra Houser, Astero Klampatsa, Tim Jenkins, Keith Cengel, Steven Albelda, Theresa Busch

Proceedings Volume 10047, 100470B (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2253316

KEYWORDS: Tumors, Photodynamic therapy, Inflammation, Molecular imaging, Mesothelioma, Cancer, Physiology, Resistance, Surgery, In vivo imaging

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Proceedings Article | 16 February 2017 Paper

Monitoring and assessment of tumor hemodynamics during pleural PDT

Yi Hong Ong, Michele Kim, Rozhin Penjweini, Carmen Rodriguez, Andrea Dimofte, Jarod Finlay, Theresa Busch, Arjun Yodh, Keith Cengel, Sunil Singhal, Timothy Zhu

Proceedings Volume 10047, 100470C (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2252979

KEYWORDS: Photodynamic therapy, Oxygen, Blood circulation, Lung, Mesothelioma, Tissue optics, Tissues, Tumors, Sensors, Luminescence

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Proceedings Article | 14 April 2014 Paper

Comparison of PDT parameters for RIF and H460 tumor models during HPPH-mediated PDT

Baochang Liu, Michele Kim, Shannon Gallagher-Colombo, Theresa Busch, Timothy Zhu

Proceedings Volume 8931, 89311C (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2040241

KEYWORDS: Tumors, Photodynamic therapy, Tumor growth modeling, Oxygen, In vivo imaging, Mathematical modeling, Tissue optics, Light, Optical properties, Phosphorescence

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Proceedings Article | 14 April 2014 Paper

Parameter determination for BPD mediated vascularPDT

Michele Kim, Baochang Liu, Joann Miller, Theresa Busch, Timothy Zhu

Proceedings Volume 8931, 89311D (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2040305

KEYWORDS: Photodynamic therapy, Tumors, Oxygen, Optical properties, Absorption, In vivo imaging, Light sources, Luminescence, Scattering, Cancer

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Proceedings Article | 14 April 2014 Paper

Comparison of singlet oxygen threshold dose for PDT

Timothy Zhu, Baochang Liu, Michele Kim, Dayton McMillan, Xing Liang, Jarod Finlay, Theresa Busch

Proceedings Volume 8931, 89310I (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2039719

KEYWORDS: Oxygen, Photodynamic therapy, In vivo imaging, Tumors, Picosecond phenomena, Tissue optics, Molecules, In vitro testing, Absorption, Tissues

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Proceedings Article | 28 March 2014 Paper

Determination of tissue optical properties in PDT treated head and neck patients

Andreea Dimofte, Jarod Finlay, Anna Sharikova, Keith Cengel, Peter Ahn, Theresa Busch, Timothy Zhu

Proceedings Volume 8926, 89262C (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2037831

KEYWORDS: Optical properties, Tissue optics, Sensors, Photodynamic therapy, Tumors, Collimation, Calibration, Head, Neck, In vivo imaging

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Proceedings Article | 18 February 2009 Paper

Optimization of physiological parameter for macroscopic modeling of reacted singlet oxygen concentration in an in-vivo model

Ken Kang-Hsin Wang, Theresa Busch, Jarod Finlay, Timothy Zhu

Proceedings Volume 7164, 71640O (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.809024

KEYWORDS: Oxygen, Tumors, Photodynamic therapy, Sensors, In vivo imaging, Natural surfaces, Tissues, Optical properties, Animal model studies, Tissue optics

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 May 2007 Open Access

Quantitative comparison of tissue oxygen and motexafin lutetium uptake by ex vivo and noninvasive in vivo techniques in patients with intraperitoneal carcinomatosis

Hsing-Wen Wang, Jarod Finlay, Kijoon Lee, Timothy Zhu, Mary Putt, Eli Glatstein, Cameron Koch, Sydney Evans, Stephen Hahn, Theresa Busch, Arjun Yodh

JBO, Vol. 12, Issue 03, 034023, (May 2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.2743082

KEYWORDS: Tissues, Tumors, In vivo imaging, Tissue optics, Oxygen, Reflectivity, Photodynamic therapy, Hypoxia, Finite element methods, Luminescence

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 November 2005 Open Access

Errata: High payload delivery of optical imaging and photodynamic therapy agents to tumors using phthalocyanine-reconstituted low-density lipoprotein nanoparticles

Hui Li, Soungkyoo Kim, Gang Zheng, Diane Marotta, Theresa Busch, E. Paul Wileyto

JBO, Vol. 10, Issue 06, 069801, (November 2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.2147351

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 July 2005 Open Access

High payload delivery of optical imaging and photodynamic therapy agents to tumors using phthalocyanine-reconstituted low-density lipoprotein nanoparticles

Hui Li, Diane Marotta, Soungkyoo Kim, Theresa Busch, E. Paul Wileyto, Gang Zheng

JBO, Vol. 10, Issue 04, 041203, (July 2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.2011429

KEYWORDS: Photodynamic therapy, Proteins, Tumors, Particles, Optical imaging, Confocal microscopy, Picosecond phenomena, Silicon, Nanoparticles, Receptors

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Proceedings Article | 18 January 2005 Paper

Phthalocyanine-labeled LDL for tumor imaging and photodynamic therapy

Hui Li, Diane Marotta, Soungkyoo Kim, Britton Chance, Jerry Glickson, Theresa Busch, Gang Zheng

Proceedings Volume 5630, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.573912

KEYWORDS: Photodynamic therapy, Tumors, Picosecond phenomena, Silicon, Confocal microscopy, Proteins, Cancer, Near infrared, In vitro testing, Receptors

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 July 2004 Open Access

Redox ratio of mitochondria as an indicator for the response of photodynamic therapy

Zhihong Zhang, Dana Blessington, Hui Li, Theresa Busch, Jerry Glickson, Qingming Luo, Britton Chance, Gang Zheng

JBO, Vol. 9, Issue 04, (July 2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.1760759

KEYWORDS: Tumors, Photodynamic therapy, Luminescence, Control systems, Flavoproteins, Oxygen, Tissues, Photography, Radiology, Tissue optics

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Proceedings Article | 14 June 2004 Paper

Phase I trial of motexafin-lutetium-mediated interstitial photodynamic therapy in patients with locally recurrent prostate cancer

Diana Stripp, Rosemarie Mick, Timothy Zhu, Richard Whittington, Debbie Smith, Andreea Dimofte, Jarod Finlay, Jeremy Miles, Theresa Busch, Daniel Shin, Alex Kachur, Zelig Tochner, S. Bruce Malkowicz, Eli Glatstein, Stephen Hahn

Proceedings Volume 5315, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.529181

KEYWORDS: Photodynamic therapy, Prostate, Toxicity, Prostate cancer, Tissues, Biopsy, Radiotherapy, Sensors, Cancer, Tumors

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Therapeutic options for patients with locally recurrent prostate cancer after treatment with radiation therapy are limited. An ongoing Phase I trial of interstitial photodynamic therapy (PDT) with the photosensitizer motexafin lutetium (MLu) was initiated in year 2000 for men with locally recurrent prostate cancer. The primary objective of this trial is to determine the maximally tolerated dose of motexafin lutetium-mediated PDT. Twelve men with biopsy-proven recurrent prostate cancer and no evidence of distant metastatic disease have been enrolled. Pre-treatment evaluation included an MRI of the prostate, bone scan, laboratory studies, cystoscopy, and transrectal ultrasound. Treatment plans were generated based upon the ultrasound findings. PDT dose was escalated by increasing the motexafin lutetium dose, increasing the 732 nm light dose, and decreasing the drug-light interval. Motexafin lutetium doses ranged from 0.5 to 2 mg/kg administered IV 3, 6, or 24 hours prior to 732 nm light delivery. The light dose measured in real time with in situ spherical detectors was 25-100 J/cm2 for all patients. Light was delivered through optical fibers inserted through a transperineal brachytherapy template in the operating room and optical property measurements were made before and after light therapy. Prostate biopsies were obtained before and after light delivery for spectrofluorometric measurements of photosensitizer uptake. Twelve patients have completed protocol treatment on eight dose levels without dose-limiting toxicity. Grade I PDT-related genitourinary symptoms were observed. One patient had Grade II urinary urgency that was urinary catheter-related. No rectal or other GI PDT-related toxicities were observed. Measurements of motexafin lutetium in prostate tissue demonstrated the presence of photosensitizer at all dose levels. Conclusions: Motexafin lutetium-mediated PDT designed to treat comprehensively the entired prostate gland has been well-tolerated at the doses studied to date.

Proceedings Article | 13 June 2003 Paper

Noninvasive monitoring hemodynamic responses in RIF tumors during and after PDT

Guoqiang Yu, Turgut Durduran, Theresa Busch, Hsing-Wen Wang, Chao Zhou, H. Mark Saunders, Chandra Sehgal, Arjun Yodh

Proceedings Volume 4952, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.474101

KEYWORDS: Photodynamic therapy, Tumors, Blood circulation, Oxygen, Spectroscopy, Tissue optics, Doppler effect, Hemodynamics, Ultrasonography, Absorption

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 April 2003 Open Access

Correlation of in vivo photosensitizer fluorescence and photodynamic-therapy-induced depth of necrosis in a murine tumor model

Rex Cheung, Michael Solonenko, Theresa Busch, Fabio Del Piero, M. Putt, Stephen Hahn, Arjun Yodh

JBO, Vol. 8, Issue 02, (April 2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.1560011

KEYWORDS: Tissue optics, Laser induced fluorescence, Tumors, Luminescence, Photodynamic therapy, In vivo imaging, Fluorescence spectroscopy, Tissues, Optical fibers, Spectroscopy

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Showing 5 of 34 publications

Conference Committee Involvement (7)

Optical Methods for Tumor Treatment and Detection: Mechanisms and Techniques in Photodynamic Therapy XXXIII

25 January 2025 | San Francisco, California, United States

Optical Methods for Tumor Treatment and Detection: Mechanisms and Techniques in Photodynamic Therapy XXXII

27 January 2024 | San Francisco, California, United States

Optical Methods for Tumor Treatment and Detection: Mechanisms and Techniques in Photodynamic Therapy XXXI

28 January 2023 | San Francisco, California, United States

Optical Methods for Tumor Treatment and Detection: Mechanisms and Techniques in Photodynamic and Photobiomodulation Therapy XXX

22 January 2022 | San Francisco, California, United States

Optical Methods for Tumor Treatment and Detection: Mechanisms and Techniques in Photodynamic Therapy XXX

6 March 2021 | Online Only, California, United States

Showing 5 of 7 Conference Committees

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