This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 13163, including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, and Conference Committee information.

The implementation of an anti-fall mechanism successfully resolves the problem of missing a safety rope in the tower's initial and final ascents and descents by the operator. A multi-rotor UAV-based anti-fall device attachment method is suggested, leading to the design of the related anti-fall device. Solidworks software has created a three-dimensional representation of the anti-fall apparatus, and its static structural robustness, when linked to Angle steel, is confirmed using the finite element technique. The Adams program replicates the active procedure of attaching UAV anti-fall mechanisms to Angle steel, confirming the device's dynamic steadiness through dynamic simulation techniques. Findings indicate that the engineered anti-fall apparatus's static structural robustness satisfies the criteria, and this device can be securely suspended on Angle steel, serving as a supplementary tool for staff to ascend the tower.

When the payload on a spacecraft is installed with the platform, a suitable installation mode should be designed according to the shape of the payload to ensure the reliable connection between the payload and the platform. The payload installed on a spacecraft is elongated. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of this type of payload, this paper designs a installation method between it and the platform, and designs an installation gap adjustment mode. After the installation is completed, the installation can be judged whether the installation is in place by detecting the installation gap between the payload and the platform. The reasonableness and reliability of the designed installation mode are verified by mechanical tests. The test results show that the designed loading installation mode meets the mechanical requirements.

Due to the increase in frequency and voltage level of switching devices, the impact of inrush voltage caused by stray inductance in power circuits is getting more and more attention. In the past, there are two main ideas in the stacked busbar stray inductance model, one is to establish the mathematical model of the overall stray inductance of the busbar by the analytical method through the electromagnetism method; the other is to establish the equivalent circuit model of the stray inductance through the partial inductance equivalence method (PEEC), and then use the circuit analysis method to determine the impact of the inductance of the various parts in order to evaluate the design of the busbar. In this paper, the design of a stacked busbar for a three-level DC converter is taken as the object of study, and through the analysis of the structural parameter model and the partial inductance equivalence matrix, a model is established to evaluate the electrical characteristics of the busbar from the structural parameters, and through the analysis of the demonstration, and through the algorithmic optimisation of the relevant structural parameters with the mathematical model as the objective function, a busbar with a low stray inductance and a low inrush voltage is designed, and the effectiveness of the design and the accuracy of the model are verified through experiments. The validity of the design and the accuracy of the model are verified through experiments.

Based on the green design and manufacturing concept, this article explains the inevitability and feasibility of cutting fluid recovery, introduces the characteristics of dry cutting, and analyzes the new requirements of dry cutting on dry cutting tools, such as the choice of tool materials, optimization of tool geometric parameters, and coating. The application of layer technology on cutting tools; briefly describes the optimization of the machine tool structure to meet the new requirements of dry cutting on the machine tool; takes hard turning as an example to introduce the dry cutting processing technology; briefly explains the dry cutting technology in the processing method and processing The application of materials, finally introduced the current cutting-edge technology of dry cutting technology and its principle.

According to International Towing Tank Conference (ITTC) corresponding guidelines and rules, ship model test is vital for the determination on overall performance of the ship. In order to study ship speed performance, it is necessary to accurately determine its resistance in model scale. And during the test, an appropriate towing installation is very important because of its effecting on the heave and longitudinal angle of ship mode, which is the main factor of the resistance. Combined with the latest test equipment and control technologies, a self-adaptive control towing device design, resistance and posture measurement and control principle were studied, a towing system suitable for high-speed boat resistance test was developed, and the advantages of the system were analyzed. Based on this, and a standard planning craft model test is applied, which can verify the validity of installation.

Low noise amplifiers (LNA) play an important role in modern millimeter wave systems. This work presents a LNA designed in a 55nm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology. The LNA operates in the Ka-band frequency range of 25-32 GHz. The LNA employs a two-stage cascode architecture with wideband matching network. It achieves a gain range of 17.2-17.7 dB, a noise figure (NF) range of 2.6-2.9 dB and an input 1 dB compression point (IP1dB) of -12 dBm with a dc power consumption of only 29 mW.

The most critical component of an LNG vehicle is the gas cylinder. And cylinder is a low-temperature and adiabatic pressure vessel. When heavy-duty trucks are driving on the road, the gas cylinders are subjected to various shock loads and vibrations from the road, and can cause fatigue damage due to the influence of cyclic stress during long-term driving. In order to solve these problems, this project conducts static strength analysis and modal analysis of gas cylinders based on finite element theory. In this project, Soildwork software is used to establish a solid model of the gas cylinder framework. Hypermesh processing mesh and pre-processing; Abaqus solves static strength analysis and modal analysis. The results show that the stresses are mainly concentrated in the weld and component joints. The first-order modes are all above 25Hz, but they are very close. The recommendation given for the above situation is to strengthen the head thickness and weld width.

The issues of low temperature control accuracy and poor stability in industrial water temperature control systems are addressed in this article. A PID-based temperature control system that combines Model Predictive Control (MPC) with PID control is proposed. A simulation system for water temperature control is designed using Simulink, and adaptive tuning of PID parameters is implemented. In the process of constructing the experimental platform, temperature changes are controlled by driving the hot and cold valves with a temperature control board. It is demonstrated that high temperature control accuracy, fast heating rate, and good stability are achieved by the proposed system, thus meeting the temperature control requirements of the system. The physical model and linearized model of an industrial boiler are introduced, and the discretization of the model and its improvements are discussed. Additionally, the working principles of the PID control algorithm and MPC module are outlined, and experimental results and analysis are presented.

Transmission lines are an important part of the power system, and their stable operation is crucial for safeguarding economic development and social life. With China's economic and social development, the demand for tower replacement rises year by year, but at present, the towers overall are put down manually, which is extremely dangerous and unstable, and there is an urgent need to design a remotely controllable mechanized device for tower leg cutting.^[1][2] In view of the above situation, this paper designs a new type of remote tower leg cutting device that innovatively adopts split structure, analyzes the performance of the device through simulation and experimental research, and researches its application in practical situations.

Addressing the challenge in effectively analyzing and predicting the remaining useful life (RUL) of tools through traditional time-frequency domain signal analysis, this paper introduces a novel multi-channel feature fusion method for intelligent tool residual life prediction, based on the Hidden Markov Model (HMM) and Bayesian theory. The process begins with extracting and filtering the time series features of the signal. These selected features are then trained using HMM. Subsequently, a health factor is developed as the observation data. The final step involves leveraging Bayesian theory and MCMC (Markov Chain Monte Carlo) estimation to realize a degradation model that allows for real-time online updates. The efficacy of this method is demonstrated using the publicly available PHM2010 dataset.

With the progress of science and technology, the manufacturing industry has ushered in rapid development. The emergence of more difficult-to-machine new materials and alloys has made their corresponding high-quality processing methods a research hotspot in the field of advanced manufacturing. The combined machining of EDM and electrolysis solves the problems caused by EDM and can realize high-quality and high-precision machining with low surface roughness and no recast layer.However, the current summary of EDM-ECM processing technology is not comprehensive enough. In the combined machining of EDM and electrolysis, developing the working platform and improving the working fluid are the keys to realising the combined machining. At the same time, understanding machining mechanism and switching the machining mode is also the key to improving the machining effect. This paper first introduces the improvement of working equipment and the research status of working fluid in EDM-ECM. Secondly, it introduces the application field of EDM-ECM technology. Finally, it discusses the possible future research directions of combined machining and provides research ideas for subsequent researchers.

This research focus on optimizing cutting parameters to realize high quality and efficiency in milling gray cast iron HT250. The experiments were designed by Box-Behnken design of response surface methodology and simulated in DEFORM-3D software, Second-order regression models of cutting temperature and surface roughness were obtained, which can predict the cutting temperature and surface roughness. Finally, the cutting parameters were optimized using a multi-objective genetic algorithm. The optimized results showed that the material removal rate increased by 49.28 %, while the cutting temperature decreased by 2.84% and the surface roughness decreased by 18.72 %. Additionally, the cutting temperature decreased by 20.02 % and the surface roughness 42.19 %, while the material removal rate increased by 7.78 %. According to the comprehensive study, the selection principle of cutting parameters for milling gray cast iron HT250 is as follows: use a low cutting speed, a large feed rate, a small depth of cut and a large width of cut.

This paper researched on designing a planar four-bar mechanism to realize a predetermined trajectory in a better way. In order to reproduce a given trajectory accurately, the interior point penalty function method was used in this paper. First of all, mathematical model was established, the dimension of each link, location of the fixed hinge and angles between some links were taken as design variables. Secondly, the objective function is established. According to Grashof Criteria and the minimum value of the transmission angle, the constraints of the design were determined. The interior point penalty function method is used to find the optimal solution of the objective function. Thirdly, a program for working out the optimal solution was written in Matlab to make the optimization method available. Finally, a wheelchair design was taken as an example to verify the availability of the computer program.

A fiber-optic gyroscope (FOG) north finder for teaching experiment is designed and implemented. The FOG designed and implemented in this paper is a device that achieves north seeking by measuring the Earth's rotational angular velocity using a single fiber optic gyroscope. The hardware system consists of a fiber optic gyroscope, an air-floating vibration isolation platform, a rotating mechanism, a host computer, and a supporting power supply. In terms of software implementation, C # programming language is used to implement control of the rotating mechanism, communication with the gyroscope, data parsing, data acquisition and processing, and embedding commonly used two-position and four-position north seeking algorithms. The experimental results show that the fiber optic gyro north finder can well achieve the function of north seeking, has a simple and reliable structure, and is easy to implement and develop further.

In this paper, the data processing subsystem of search-and-track integrated radar is designed, which involves hardware design, operating system selection and software design, matches the system function, realizes the point trace aggregation, TWS processing and TAS processing of echo data, and can support the rapid switching of multiple functions of system search and tracking. This paper designed the data processing flow of TWS processing and TAS processing, and completed the construction of the data processing flow based on simulation software and echo simulation data. The process of search and tracking data processing could be completed in real time, and more batches of targets could be processed under the premise of real-time processing, and the accuracy of target tracking could be ensured under the premise of high data rate.

The system is based on the principle of balanced bridge four-wire measurement, with TI's C2000 series TMS320F28379D processor as the core, The system uses DDS to generate a sinusoidal excitation signal of the bridge measurement circuit, the measured inductance or capacitance through the four-wire test folder access to the automatic balance bridge, DSP on-chip ADC bridge signal for dual-channel synchronous sampling, access to the device under test voltage, current vector signal discrete sequence; and then use the DSP's outstanding digital signal arithmetic capabilities, through the FFT operation to get the amplitude of the voltage and current signals, phase information, and then calculate the capacitance of the capacitor, the value of the D value, or inductance of the sense of the value of the Q value. Test results show that this system the device is calibrated with the instrument, the error are within 3%.

In response to the growing demand for high-performance millimeter-wave power amplifiers driven by advancements in millimeter-wave communication and radar technology, this study presents the design and performance evaluation of a wideband power amplifier with a central frequency of 34GHz, based on a 45nm SOI process. The design employs a two-stage differential amplifier structure, neutralization capacitor technique, and load-pull method, enhancing circuit gain and stability. An asymmetric magnetic coupling technique and transformer broadband matching are integrated to counterbalance the high-frequency gain of the power amplifier, yielding a level in-band gain. Simulation results indicate a power gain of 23.2dB at 34GHz, a saturated output power of 16.3dBm, an output power at the 1dB compression point of 13.1dBm, and a peak power-added efficiency of 44%. The amplifier exhibits a 3dB bandwidth from 31.5 to 40.1 GHz, demonstrating superior performance. This work provides a valuable reference for future millimeter-wave RF integrated circuit research.

According to the control requirements of the hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose etherification reaction section, this article optimized the control design of the traditional hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose etherification reaction processing system. Based on the high efficiency and convenience of S7-1200 PLC, an automated production plan was designed. By selecting its hardware and optimizing its program design, the TIA Portal software development platform was applied to effectively control the etherification reaction section in cellulose processing. This system can effectively improve the automation level of the hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose etherification reaction section, achieve efficiency improvement in its production process, and thus improve production quality and increase production scale.

Aiming at the problems of difficult parameter setting, low control accuracy and poor robustness of PID controller in traditional control system, a set of vertical rod wind balance system with STM32F103T8U6 single chip microcomputer as the main control chip is designed. The core of the system is composed of the top device of the rod and the bottom device of the rod. Four fans, gyroscopes and single-chip microcomputers are mounted on top of a 500 mm long, 8.5 mm diameter rod. Its control system is a closed-loop system composed of control unit, motor unit and attitude detection unit. The control unit transmits PWM wave to the motor for initial speed control, and processes the attitude angle data collected by MPU6050 gyroscope to correct the PWM wave, so as to adjust the rotation of the fan to achieve closed-loop control. A gyroscope is installed at the bottom of the rod to measure the inclination angle of the rod and study the effect of the upright rod control algorithm. The experimental results show that the design can display the attitude of the rod in real time, and has the advantages of high control precision and fast response time.

Pipeline micro-leakage internal detection spherical detector is a new type of pipeline leakage detection method. The shape of the pipeline is complex and diverse. Different pipeline shapes have different effects on the movement and force of the spherical detector. Therefore, it is very important to find out the force and movement of the spherical detector in different pipelines. In this paper, the force of the spherical detector, the pressure distribution and the flow field are studied in the pipeline with different inclination angles by numerical simulation. It is found that the flow resistance and drag coefficient of the spherical detector will increase firstly and then decrease, but the lift coefficient will increase with the increasing tilt angle of the pipeline. The resultant moment of the spherical detector subjected to the flow field is relatively stable, and the rolling friction moment increases with the increasing tilt angle. Through this numerical simulation, the force of the spherical detector in different shapes of pipes is obtained, which provides help for the subsequent design of the spherical detector.

This paper introduces the design of a airbag-free buffer throttle device aimed at mitigating the fatigue effects associated with airbag cushions while ensuring consistent throttling effects. The structural model of the buffer throttle device was crafted using SOLIDWORKS software and subsequently simulated and validated through FLUENT fluid simulation software. The study delves into pressure variations within the buffer throttle device under various orifice sizes, examining the impact of different structures on pressure pulsation. At a design inlet flow rate of 500 mL/min, the air pressure inside the device registers at approximately 4 KPa. Both simulation outcomes and real-world observations affirm that a throttle orifice with a side length of 0.5 mm and three layers of orifices best aligns with the design requirements. The front buffer section incorporates three buffer structures, namely S-type, cavity, and a single orifice plate. Simulation results highlight that the single orifice plate structure demonstrates the most effective pressure pulsation suppression, with this effect intensifying as the side length decreases.

The conditioner was one of the three major components of the ring die granulator, yet there had been a lack of analysis and optimization of the combined parameters of the conditioner. Taking the blade installation angle, the speed of the extruder shaft, and the filling rate as the test factors, and using the highest output of the conditioner and the lowest energy consumption as the optimization principle for the scheme, the study used the productivity of the conditioner and the torque of the extruder shaft as the reference index of the optimization scheme. A three-factor and five-level orthogonal factor experiment was designed. The results indicated that the filling rate had the most significant influence on the productivity and torque of the conditioner, followed by the conditioner shaft speed and the blade installation angle. The optimal parameter combination was found to be a blade installation angle of 48.8°, a conditioner shaft speed of 255 rpm, and a conditioner filling rate of 45%.

Due to the requirements of micro-hole processing of ceramic ferrules, the precision spindle of the micro-hole grinder was designed. In order to verify the rationality of the design, the finite element analysis software ANSYS Workbench was used to conduct finite element modeling of the spindle, and modal analysis was performed on the spindle. The first six orders of natural frequency, vibration shape, critical speed and other dynamic characteristics of the spindle were analyzed. According to the analysis results, the maximum working speed of the spindle is far lower than 75% of its first-order critical speed, effectively avoiding the resonance zone and verifying the rationality of the spindle design. At the same time, this research provides a reference for the design and simulation of similar products.

In order to solve the practical difficulties of the lack of test sample preparation device for coaxial transmission reflection method (CTR), a sample preparation device suitable for coaxial transmission reflection method is proposed, the structural design and device use technology of the preparation device is studied, and the sample is prepared, measured and analyzed in the object of powdered agricultural products. The results show that the studied device has good accuracy and the results are accurate. This technical method can be used to prepare the test samples of different powdered media, which can provide a basis for its microwave-assisted applications.

The interactive multifunctional teaching aid designed in this paper realizes the purpose of controlling the position and moving speed of the virtual laser point on the screen by mapping the angular velocity data of the hand-held teaching aid to the moving displacement of the virtual laser point on the screen, so as to realize the remote multi-screen operation and demonstration, and at the same time, it avoids the problems that the solid laser damages the eyesight and cannot accurately control the laser point when the demonstration distance is far away. The interactive teaching aid has the functions of virtual laser point indication, key control and brush pen, and is embedded with chalk push-pull device and wireless charging device, which integrates the functions of laser pen demonstration and chalk writing. It has strong convenience, good user experience and good market application prospect.

The third generation advanced pressurized water reactor (APWR) rapid power reduction RPR falling-rod strategy, through RPR falling-rod power reduction and turbine bypass coordination to balance the flow of steam and feedwater, finally solved the problem of turbine shutdown result in reactor shutdown. However, the current RPR rod selection logic is inflexible, the power reduction range is large, restricted conditions are not conducive to the flexible configuration and use of small power reduction conditions. In this paper, the reactor control mechanism, RPR design principle, RPR design problems, need to use conditions, RPR design optimization, simulator verification step by step analysis and deduction. Formed a complete set of optimization design modification measures, and verified.

In carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) drilling, hole quality is substantially impacted by tool wear, encompassing various wear types such as abrasive or flank wear. In this paper, the challenge of progressive tool wear in CFRP machining is addressed by proposing an optimization method employing neural networks and genetic algorithm-based adjustment strategies. The analysis of the progressive tool wear is grounded in a wear geometry model reflecting the interaction between the tool and CFRP. Orthogonal machining experiments on CFRP laminated plates are conducted to collect extensive data on hole drilling and damage states under progressive tool wear. Utilizing MATLAB, a back propagation (BP) neural network model is established to fit and predict the obtained data. The optimization objective function, considering tool wear and three specified criteria for hole making evaluation, guides the improvement of drilling parameters using a genetic algorithm.

Due to the randomness of wind speed and wind turbine unit status in the wind field, the output of wind turbines is subject to randomness. If large-scale wind power is integrated into the power system, it is necessary to evaluate the output of wind turbines. In order to more accurately evaluate the output of wind turbines under multiple random states, this paper considers four states of operation, decoupling, shutdown, and random startup for each wind turbine unit, and considers the sum of the outputs of independent wind turbines under these four states. Sequential Monte Carlo method is used for sampling evaluation, and two-parameter Weibull distribution is used to simulate wind speed in the wind field. The impact of parameter changes on the output of wind turbines is observed by changing the parameters. Considering the stochastic impact of wind speed on the overall wind turbines in the wind field and considering the random states of individual wind turbines, a model for the output of wind turbines under multiple states is established. Finally, the probability density of the output of wind turbines under various states is compared and analyzed, and the simulation results verify the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed method in evaluating the output of wind turbines.

A fully automatic tree planting robot is designed in this paper. The design of crawler chassis, digging bit, scissors lifting structure, seedling plate and soil tamping module are introduced in detail in this paper. The mechanical structure design of solar support and the only control system of the machine. The size of the spiral bit is determined by calculation, and the material selection of the scissors mechanism is determined by optimizing the data by ansys software simulation. The structure of the whole machine is reasonable, the working efficiency of the device is much higher than that of the traditional tree planting method, and the cost of afforestation is reduced to a great extent.

In the five-axis flank milling, the calculation process of the instantaneous uncut chip thickness (IUCT) is complicated because of the motion of the two additional rotational axes. To focus on the problem that the IUCT prediction in five-axis milling is inefficient, an IUCT calculation method considering the cutter runout effect is proposed in this paper. First, the geometry model of the cutting tool is established, and the coordinate of a cutting edge point can be obtained. Then, based on the geometrical relationship of two adjacent tool positions, the analytical solution of the IUCT can be derived. Finally, the simulation of the proposed method is carried out to validate the practicability of the model. The results show that the proposed model can achieve good efficiency and acceptable accuracy and be applied to milling force prediction.

The trenching device is an important part of the ecological grass truck. It can open the trench, guide the seeds and fertilizers into the trench, and cover the wet soil. Its structure design is very important. An ecological seeding cart combined plow type furrowing device was designed, and the structural design of its furrow opener body, furrow opener blade, bracket, connecting block and other key components was carried out. In order to further verify the reasonable structural design of the trenching device, the structural static analysis of the trenching device was carried out by ANSYS Workbench software, and the stiffness and strength of the trenching device met the requirements of use according to the analysis of its displacement, stress and strain distribution cloud diagram results.

Pearl cotton laminating bag is made by heat sealing, in order to improve the surface quality of the bag, the production process needs to open the bag after heat sealing. Therefore, a new type of bag opening mechanical claw is designed to solve the existing problem of low efficiency of manual bag opening. Design bag opening mechanical claw, the use of SolidWorks to establish a 3D model, the use of ANSYS Workbench simulation, the production of bag opening mechanical claw, and bag opening test. Test results show that: the bag opening mechanical claw can complete the bag opening action, action success rate of 98%, to meet the design requirements, compared with manual bag opening to enhance the efficiency of about 30% of the bag, can solve the existing manual bag opening efficiency is low, unreliable bag opening problems.

At present, people are under great pressure to survive, and there are more and more sudden diseases coming along with it. The time that people fail to cure in time due to sudden diseases in society occurs frequently. Therefore, based on this kind of phenomenon, this paper combines fall alarm and Beidou positioning, and designs a new type of fall detection system with STM32 single chip microcomputer as the main control chip, which uses ADXL345 tilt sensor for fall detection, buzzer alarm and remote alarm by sending real-time information through GSM module, so as to timely cure users. In addition, the smart bracelet also has the function of detecting human body temperature and heart rate, and can conduct real-time monitoring of physical conditions. This paper introduces the design idea, hardware selection and software design of the intelligent bracelet, completes the circuit diagram and flow chart of each module, makes the real object and completes the function test, and the results show that the designed product can achieve the preset function. Finally, the paper summarizes the existing shortcomings and prospects for the future of the smart bracelet.

Endoscopy is a detection instrument that integrates traditional optics, human engineering, precision machinery, modern electronics, mathematics, and software[1]. Based on whether the shaft can change direction, endoscopes are classified into rigid scopes and flexible scopes. Snake bone is an important component of the flexible scope that enables bending, and its performance significantly impacts the quality of the endoscope. Snake bones include one-piece snake bones and multisegmented snake bones, and one-piece snake bones are simpler and more reliable than multi-segmented snake bones. In this paper, a three-dimensional model of a one-piece snake bone is designed, and the flexural performance of the snake bone is studied by finite element simulation. During the simulation, the material properties of the snake bone are defined, and the actual working state of the snake bone is simulated by applying load. The simulation results of different parameters of the snake bone were compared, and the key parameters of the snake bone structure were optimized.

Utilizing 0.18μm CMOS process, a hysteresis comparator with temperature compensation has been devised. A compensating current is generated through two NMOS transistors operating in the linear region, thereby mitigating the temperature-dependent coefficients in the hysteresis voltage expression to achieve heightened precision in hysteresis voltage. The model is constructed using Cadence software, and simulation results reveal that the compensated hysteresis comparator exhibits an exceedingly low temperature coefficient. Specifically, with an average hysteresis voltage of 81.67mV, and a temperature range spanning from -40°C to 170°C, the hysteresis voltage undergoes a variation of 15mV, resulting in a temperature coefficient of 0.0714mV/°C.

Based on the basic theory of flapping-wing aircraft, using SolidWorks modeling method and taking smartbird of Germany as the prototype, this paper completes the mechanical structure design of a bird-like flapping-wing aircraft (Intelligent Bird X). Then three-dimensional modeling and motion simulation calculation of flapping wing mechanism are carried out by using ADAMS software, and the simulation results are basically consistent with the actual motion parameters of smartbird, which proves the rationality and feasibility of the structural design in this paper.

In this paper, a structural design of a skeleton type soft actuator is proposed, which can withstand greater pressure and obtain a larger bending angle and a larger end force compared with the soft actuator without skeleton structure, and is suitable for gripping different kinds of objects. Firstly, this paper introduces the structural model of the skeleton actuator; then, the bending performance and end force of the actuator are predicted by finite element simulation; after that, the skeleton soft actuator is experimentally fabricated, the bending angle and end force are tested, and the simulation and experimental results are compared. Finally, the grasping experimental platform is built to verify the grasping of different shapes and weights of real objects.

This paper addresses circumferential weld cracking in oil and gas pipelines, a primary form of pipeline failure. To achieve scientific and effective management of the entire process, all regions, and throughout the entire life cycle of the high-grade steel pipeline, a novel multi-physical field ultra-high-definition pipeline comprehensive condition inspection device has been designed and developed. The device incorporates a dual-array structured composite electromagnetic probe, operating at a 5K frequency, to real-time capture magnetic leakage and eddy current signals, enabling the detection of minute defects such as cracks and pinholes in circumferential welds. Additionally, integrated probes for diameter measurement, stress assessment, and orientation evaluation allow for a comprehensive assessment of pipeline deformation, stress, and orientation. Finite Element Analysis is applied to the mechanical structure of the detector to validate its design rationale and safety. Structural strength simulation results indicate that the design of the multi-physical field ultra-high-definition pipeline comprehensive condition inspection device is reasonable, enabling it to undertake inspection tasks for large-diameter, high-grade, high-pressure, long-distance pipelines with pressures ranging from 8 to 12 MPa. This device fills a technological gap in both domestic and international markets for the composite detection of minute defects in large-diameter, high-grade pipelines.

The weld seam extraction algorithm is the core of the automatic welding method for robots guided by vision, which has been widely studied. As a common type of welding model, butt weld without groove also has many weld seam extraction algorithms. However, these algorithms mainly rely on the shape of the workpiece or the seam, which results in limited applicability. To improve the adaptability of weld seam extraction algorithms, this paper focuses on the characteristics of non-groove butt joint weld and proposes a weld seam extraction algorithm based on nearest point and registration. Experimental results have shown that this method has high versatility and practical value.

The impact simulation test system for special mechanical parts is designed to simulate the motion and impact conditions of special mechanical parts under actual working conditions. This paper takes the whole machinery as the research object, and optimizes the design and analysis of a certain type of special machinery parts impact simulation test transmission device, with the goal of improving the motion characteristics of the transmission mechanism and reducing the load of the motor, optimizes the transmission mechanism based on the particle swarm algorithm and the variable density method, and carries out the strength checking and movement reliability analysis in ABAQUS and ADAMS . The simulation results show that the error between the impact impulse applied by the designed impact simulation test transmission and that driven by gunpowder gas is 8.71%, and the velocity error is within 5%. The cam mass is reduced by about 13.7% after topology optimisation, its rotational inertia is reduced by 11.8%, and the maximum torque of the drive shaft is reduced by about 8.4%. The optimised design of the impact simulation test drive is feasible and can provide an effective technical means for the subsequent structural optimisation design and impact detection of the tested special machinery.

In order to improve the protective performance of onboard radar, a new type of automated protective device has been proposed; By analyzing the principle of the protective device mechanism, the kinematic analysis equation of the driving linkage mechanism was established, and the position, velocity, and acceleration equations of the key nodes of the linkage mechanism were obtained. The transmission efficiency equation of the oil cylinder drive was obtained through transmission angle analysis; Based on the analysis results, a genetic algorithm was used to simulate and optimize the protective device with the goals of motion smoothness and transmission efficiency. Combined with engineering practice, the comprehensive optimal mechanism form was obtained, and a principle prototype was established based on the optimization results for verification experiments, providing theoretical guidance for radar camouflage protection design.

With the vigorous construction of the smart city, more and more public infrastructure began to move towards intelligence, digitalization and technology, and the smart well cover came into being, and now the smart well cover has become an important component module in the construction of the smart city. Aiming at the problems of road safety caused by waterlogging on urban roads and well cover displacement due to well covers, as well as the inefficiency of well cover operation and maintenance, this paper designs an anti-flooding and smart inspection smart well cover, which consists of anti-sludge blocking device, electro-permanent magnetic suction device and intelligent ultrasonic liquid level sensor and analyzes its performance. Firstly, the design of anti-sludge device is completed based on the transmission principle of gear and rack; secondly, the ultrasonic level sensor and electric permanent magnet suction device are analyzed in principle; finally, the material analysis and finite element analysis of the manhole cover are carried out based on the design specification of urban road engineering. Intelligent manhole cover effectively alleviates urban flooding phenomenon, prevents manhole cover displacement, improves the supervision efficiency of municipal departments on manhole cover, reduces road safety hazards, and vigorously promotes the construction of smart city.

The condensate pump often causes structural resonance after conversion transformation, which affects the safe and economic operation of the unit. In order to solve the problem of structural resonance of the condensate pump, this paper analyzes the mechanism of structural resonance, fault characteristics and the frequency range of the exciting force of the main fault of the condensate pump, and puts forward the necessary conditions for stimulating structural resonance. According to the above analysis, four measures are obtained. And combined with the practical application to discuss the advantages and disadvantages. Finally, the corresponding treatment measures are comprehensively applied to practical cases, and the problem of structural resonance is effectively solved. The research results and treatment experience can provide reference for the treatment of structural resonance of condensate pump in large thermal power units.

In response to the difficulties and dangers of manual operation, as well as the risk of collet detachment caused by high altitude winds when installing grounding wires on ultra-high voltage lines, a grounding wire device carried by unmanned aerial vehicles is proposed, which can be suitable for various complex environments. Establish a prototype model using SolidWorks 3D software, and then import the prototype model into ANSYS simulation software. Set constraints and simplify the model according to the actual situation. Conduct static and transient structural analysis on the wire end clamp, analyze its stress situation, and optimize the structure of key components.

The image low-pass filter is an effective solution for denoising and improving image quality. The stochastic computing is a novel method for number representation and calculation in stochastic domain. Aiming at the problem of large computing resources and low operation speed in image low-pass filter processing, in this paper, a parallel ASIC architecture of image low-pass filter based on stochastic computing proposed, which effectively improves processing speed and reduces resource consumption. When the length of the probability domain is 128bits, compared with the traditional architecture, the computational gate resources are reduced by about 30% and the execution time is reduced by about 75% in the case of comparable processing performance.

This study, centered on the deployment process of the circular solar array, investigated the gravity unloading device specific to the array based on its structural characteristics and dynamic properties during deployment. Through a kinematic modeling analysis of the solar array's deployment and considering the impacts of gravity and minute disturbances, a dynamic simulation of the array's deployment was conducted. Given the array's structure and dynamic features during deployment, a top-suspended air bearing permanent magnet constant-force structure was designed, which can achieve smooth and swift tracking of the solar array's three-dimensional deployment motion. A low-disturbance gravity unloading system tailored for the circular solar array was then established, catering both to the vertical deployment and horizontal unfolding of the array. Ground-based microgravity tests for the circular solar array were subsequently conducted. During testing, the system ran smoothly without any stalling or vibrations, effectively achieving gravity unloading for the solar array mechanism. The system met all projected benchmarks, validating both the feasibility of this gravity unloading approach and the structural design's reliability. This research also offers a solution of significant practical value for addressing the gravity unloading challenges associated with future multidimensional space deployment mechanisms.

In order to realize the precise control of the manipulator, a control method of the manipulator based on genetic algorithm and fuzzy theory is proposed. The manipulator control model was obtained through ADAMS and Simulink co-simulation. The genetic algorithm is optimized by PID parameters on the basis of classical PID control, and a fuzzy controller was introduced into the optimized control system to carry out secondary optimization of the control model, and the control model before and after optimization was simulated and analyzed. The results show that the maximum overshoot of the controller optimized by the genetic algorithm is 8.06%, while the maximum overshoot of the fuzzy PID controller after secondary optimization is 5.01%. Compared with the two methods, we can see the control system after the second optimization has better stability and a better trajectory tracking effect.

In order to reduce the roughness of the milling, a optimization algorithm is designed. Firstly, the deep-hole milling parameters of nickel-based alloy were preprocessed, and then the unqualified parameters of nickel-based alloy were detected as the parameters optimization objects. Finally, the optimization method of nickel-based alloy deep-hole milling parameters was designed based on the deep learning algorithm to complete the whole optimization process of deep-hole milling parameters of nickel-based alloy. The experimental results show that the roughness of the design method is low. Under the case of different scanning speed and feed speed, the roughness of nickel base alloy deep hole milling can reach 0.01 μm, the lowest is only 0.006 μm, the efficiency is high, and the lowest time is only 2.5min, The optimization effect is better.

With the explosive growth of mechanical equipment, the reasonable mechanical topology structure can enhance the productive effectiveness and time cost. Mechanical structure topology optimization obtains mechanical parts with excellent performance by designing the optimal equipment material arrangement, which has great significance and utilization value in the stage of engineering design. However, existing optimization methods are primarily concentrated on simple mechanical component optimizations, which cannot dispose of the machines with complex equipment and integrated structures including large machinery. In this work, we utilize topology structure optimization theory through defining the optimization area, target functions and constrict conditions to investigate the optimization structures with extraordinary iteration procedures. Subsequently, we can obtain the optimized mechanical structure through the finite elements analysis. From our extensive simulation results, we can conclude that our proposed optimization method can reduce the redundant mechanical structures and not affect the performance of these mechanical equipment with reasonable computation responses.

Aiming at the fracture failures of a launcher frame in the vibration test, the failure cause analysis and structural improvement were carried out. The finite element software Abaqus and the fatigue life analysis software Fe-safe are used for joint simulation to obtain the stress distribution and fatigue life of the launcher frame under the vibration load. The simulation results show several obvious stress concentration phenomenons at the fracture position of the structure, and the fatigue fracture position is consistent with the vibration test. After structural improvement, the fatigue life of the launcher has been increased by 18.6 times, and the overall fatigue life meets the expected usage requirements.

Structural bionic design is extensively applied to vehicle engineering for greater energy absorption efficiency (EA). In a natural setting, bamboo is characteristic of the tubular structure, exhibits outstanding mechanical properties, and can reduce weight efficiently. A group of bionic multi-cell tubes showing disparate cross-section configurations was proposed in this article, and the bamboo structure triggered design inspiration. The bionic tubes were modified by adding bulkheads in the tube, which was also inspired by the bamboo structure. As for bionic tubes, their EA was detected via non-linear finite element method (FEM). The consequences of simulation illustrated that a progressive deformation pattern was gained. The crashworthiness of disparate bionic tubes was contrasted. The consequences illuminate that the EA was excellent. The parameter analysis was presented after conducting a comparative mechanical properties analysis for bionic tubes. Apart from the bionic unit number, the wall thickness (WT) affected the EA and the bionic tube crashworthiness, which was verified numerically.

In order to achieve the effect of low frequency noise reduction, usually the thickness of noise reduction facilities is relatively large, which increases the cost, how to make the economy and vibration and noise reduction in residential life balance, this paper proposes a thickness of 4mm two-dimensional phonon crystal thin plate, phonon crystal part of the material is organic glass, the rest of the structure material is transparent silicone rubber, in the premise of ensuring the light transmission, using Comsol for vibration band gap and transmission loss simulation, the results show that in the range of 500Hz to achieve a broadband vibration and noise reduction.

In the research of space exploration, how to safely recover a satellite is an important subject. At present, the international and domestic common method is to use the flexible grab end, through the manipulator to achieve the satellite grab and drag. Therefore, for the target satellite recovery in this project, based on the manipulator design, it is urgent to carry out flexible grab-end design research. In this paper, the requirements of the target shape, the structure of the end base, the self-weight of the end, the force of the end, and the influence of temperature and electromagnetic radiation are analyzed, and a set of lightweight gripping mechanisms with self-buffering, self-locking, and large angle is designed. The maximum gripping force can reach 2.5 N and the maximum angle can reach 101 radians.

To obtain a support structure that has good soil permeability and meets the requirements of stiffness and strength, the variable density method was used to obtain seven topologically optimized structural shapes, and their vibration characteristics were analyzed. The results show that the structure shape meets the design requirements when the mass is retained by 30%. We evaluate the strength of the structure when the mass is retained by 30% and improve the structure of the parts with large deformation and stress concentration. The results show that the quality of the improved topology-optimized structure is reduced by 52% compared to the original structure; the structural strength has been increased by 85.8%, and the total deformation has been reduced by 97%; the first six natural frequencies of the structure are much higher than the operating frequency, and there will be no resonance. The strength and stiffness of the structure meet the design requirements.

In order to analyze the comprehensive performance of roller enveloping hourglass worm gear (REHWG), a REHWG reducer is designed. In this paper, the simulation method of multi-body dynamics (MBD) is proposed to analyze and test its performance. Firstly, the REHWG three-dimensional (3D) model was created using MATLAB based on the gear meshing theory. Secondly, the REHWG MBD simulation model is built through the software Recurdyn. Finally, the relationship between the joint and the contact is set according to the actual situation, and the simulation model is used to calculate the transmission Angle error of REHWG under different operation conditions. The validity of the simulation model is verified by the simulation results. The results show that under different operation conditions, the reducer can maintain a small error. Therefore, REHWG has a wide application prospect.

In this article, we present a conformal geometric algebra (CGA) based unified modeling and solution procedure for direct kinematics of a kind of reconfigurable parallel mechanism(RPM). With the fact that the angle between specific joint axes of limbs remains constant, a set of geometric constraints for the direct kinematics of PM are determined. After translating unit direction vectors of these joint axes to the common starting point, the geometric constraints of the angle between the vectors are transformed into the distances between the endpoints of the vectors, the problems become easier to handle with CGA. The application of CGA in the direct kinematics of PMs has been extended, with keeping the advantages of geometric intuitiveness and elimination-free. Then, under the framework of CGA, a higher-order univariate polynomial equation for direct kinematic analysis of these parallel mechanisms(PMs) is derived. After solving this equation and back substitution, the position and pose of the moving platform can be obtained indirectly. A numerical example is utilized to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Recently, there has been an increasing interest in the motion, mechanism, and control of miniature robotic fish using smart actuators due to its efficiency and maneuverability. For a piezoelectric-driven miniature robotic fish, dynamic model of the dual-fin biological system was simulated, and sensors were integrated in the robot fish to measure its dynamic information and realized the motion control with DSP controller. A dynamics model around the structure and working principle of the robot fish was analyzed, and the relational mapping chain from the drive source to the motion of the fuselage was built. Then a lightweight inertial sensor module and a fin-integrated strain sensor were developed, to provide motion and force information of the robotic fish in real time. Especially, the motion state data measured by the inertial sensor is collected by DSP controller, and closed-loop motion control of the robotic fish was realized combining the PI control algorithm with the sensor’s data as feedback information. This study verifies the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed system with integrated sensors for the robotic fish and provides a theoretical and experimental basis for the development of miniature fish-imitating robots.

The technical application of numerical on-load fatigue wear equipment is studied. The design, calculation and selection of the fatigue wear equipment with load are carried out through the analysis of the action and function requirements by adopting the mechatronics scheme, combining the motor frequency conversion and speed regulation technology, programmable logic controller technology, Modbus RTU communication technology, HMI man-machine interaction technology, synchronous belt transmission technology, Hall sensor speed measurement technology, etc. A complete set of mechanical transmission structure, electrical power supply and control logic is formed to realize the action and functions of fatigue wear equipment with load. Through the technical application of fatigue wear equipment with load, a set of mechatronics equipment is developed, which can be controlled by touch screen, read the wear state parameters in real time, and make judgment and execution by logic algorithm, which provides certain guiding significance for the application of modern fatigue wear equipment with load.

In the traditional grinding process, brittle materials such as glass-ceramics have great problems of outlet stress concentration and edge collapse. In order to solve the problem of edge collapse at the outlet of hard and brittle materials such as glass-ceramics in the process of axial hole machining, a simulation model of ultrasonic-assisted axial hole machining was established by finite element method, the influence of geometric parameters such as wall thickness, fillet and chamfer on the outlet stress is analyzed, and the optimized geometric parameters of the tool are obtained. The ultrasonic-assisted axial hole grinding experiments of glass-ceramics were carried out on the five-axis machining center with the optimized tool, and the edge collapse size was observed. The simulation results show that the optimized tool can significantly improve the stress concentration during axial machining. The experimental results show that the edge collapse size is significantly reduced and the outlet quality is relatively good, which verifies the accuracy of the simulation model.

The reading of a thermocouple represents the bead temperature. This temperature is determined by the energy balance at the bead, rather than the actual temperature of the fluid. A lot of research has been done to correct the temperature measurement errors, but the research on the bead shape and bead position is limited. In order to understand the influence of bead shape and bead position on the temperature measurement of S-type thermocouple, CFD simulations are carried out for thermocouples with different bead shapes and bead positions. The heat transfer of the beads is then analyzed. The results show that when the total bead surface area increases by 0.65 mm², the temperature changes of type 1 and type 2 are less than 0.34 K, indicating the highest stability of temperature measurement. The bead temperature of type 3 is most affected by the bead size, which decreases by 7.8 K. As for the bead position, when the bead moves to the Pt wire, the bead temperature keeps decreasing. Moving 5 mm will cause the temperature to decrease by 53.53 K. On the contrary, when the bead moves 2.5 mm towards the Pt10%Rh wire, the bead temperature will increase by 3.68 K. However, moving 5 mm will cause the temperature to decrease by 10.53 K. Therefore, it can be concluded that the bead position will significantly affect the temperature measurement results.

A novel SCARA parallel mechanism (PM) with high-speed operation and high load-bearing capacity is proposed for fast picking, palletizing, packaging and other high-speed and heavy-duty work in food, textile, pharmaceutical, logistics, and other industries. Conduct a systematic analysis of the topology, kinematics, and dynamics of this PM. Based on Lie group theory, the degree of freedom (DOF) of the PM is confirmed.; The closed-loop vector equation is constructed and the inverse solution is analyzed; Take the derivatives of the closed-loop equation, the velocities and accelerations equations can be obtained; Then, based on the principle of virtual work, the dynamic model of the PM is established, and an effective dynamic model is obtained through simulation experiments using ADAMS software.

When a thermocouple is used to measure the temperature of a gas flow, the reading is the thermocouple bead temperature, but the bead temperature, resulting from the energy balance among the thermocouple, the gas, and the surrounding environment, is not equal to the gas temperature. The energy conservation of the bead can be used to obtain an accurate gas temperature. However, when the gas velocity is unknown, two thermocouples with different sizes must be used to get two different readings, which can be used to obtain the gas velocity and temperature simultaneously. The basic principle of this correction method is stated first, and it is used in the temperature and velocity measurement of a standard Hencken flame with known temperature and velocity. The correction error for the velocity is 36.6%, and that for the temperature is 2%. The sensitivity of the correction accuracy to the uncertainties of the gas composition, bead diameter and thermocouple emissivity is also analyzed. When the gas composition is changed to pure N₂, the velocity and temperature errors are 78.8% and 1.6%, respectively. With a 10% bead diameter uncertainty, the relative errors of the corrected velocity and temperature are 75.9% and -4% at most. The best case with a 10% uncertainty for emissivity is a 1% error in temperature.

Thermocouple bead temperature, i.e., thermocouple measurement temperature, is usually not equal to the gas temperature due to the complicated heat transfer of the bead. The 1D numerical method, used to correct this measurement error, solves the energy conservation equations of the thermocouple numerically. During the process, the convection coefficient between the thermocouple wires and the incoming flow is needed. However, the current correlations for the convection coefficient of the wires are not accurate when the wire pitch angles are varied, which will affect the correction accuracy. CFD simulations are carried out, and the data are used to fit a correlation for the convection coefficient of the wires with different pitch angles. Compared with the CFD data, the correlation has errors between -15.96% and 20.96%. The correlation is then used in the 1D numerical program to obtain the corrected temperature for the experiment of the P10R- 010 and P10R-020 thermocouples measuring the Hencken H2/air diffusion flame. The errors between the corrected and real gas temperatures are between -11 K and 24 K. Considering the experimental error is 35 K, the correlation generates very good prediction accuracy with the 1D program.

Mining equipment is characterized by harsh working conditions and huge loads, which easily trigger geometric eccentricity faults in the drive train [2,3] and lead to the prominent problems of high failure rate and short effective life of the drive train. Therefore, to improve the reliability of the mining two-stage planetary gear system, a dynamic model of the meshing contact of the two-stage planetary gear train considering eccentricity faults is established based on ADAMS. The motion characteristics and meshing contact characteristics of the gears are analyzed, and the differences in the effects of eccentricity faults between the first-stage and the second-stage central gear are compared. The results show that the velocity fluctuation amplitude of the first-stage planetary gear train is significantly higher than that of the second-stage but the relative rotation deviation rate of the angular velocity rotating around the central axis from the high-speed end to the low-speed end gradually increases. When the first-stage center gear is eccentric by 1 mm, the effect on the first-stage planetary gear is the most significant, the rotation deviation rate of the first planetary gear is increased by 1.63% while the maximum impact force increases by more than 40%, the maximum instantaneous deviation of the output speed of the system is increased to 19.63%. When the second-stage center gear is eccentric by 1 mm, the effect on the second-stage planetary gear is the most significant, the maximum instantaneous deviation of the second planetary gear increases to 23.16% with a maximum impact force of 200 kN. The results provide a reference for improving the reliability of the two-stage planetary gear train.

In the application of high-temperature superconducting power, AC loss is an important concern. In order to study the narrowing stacked superconducting coil winding way affect ac loss, the winding structure was optimised. Comsol Multiphysics finite element simulation software is used to build a superconducting coil AC loss calculation model based on H equation. The influence of the co-direction current and the reverse current on the AC loss of the superconducting coil is analyzed, and the reasons affecting the AC loss are analyzed from the perspective of the magnetic field. Finally, the effect of turn spacing on the loss characteristics of the two winding methods is studied. The results show that the AC loss is approximately two orders of magnitude lower when the adjacent strip conducts the reverse current than when the adjacent strip conducts the same current. Along with the rising of the coil pitch, when adjacent with carry the same current, ac loss decreases with increasing the pitch, when adjacent zone instead to carry current, ac loss increases with the pitch.

This paper presents a novel gas-liquid linkage boosting device designed for gas over oil valve actuators in natural gas long-distance pipelines. The device aims to extract energy from the natural gas pipeline and utilize the combined effect of a pneumatic-hydraulic converter, a mechanical boosting mechanism, and hydraulic transmission technology to continuously store hydraulic energy. This enables the device to provide stable power to the actuator under limited input pressure and size constraints. The device incorporates a mechanical directional switching structure for faster, more stable, and reliable switching operations. Additionally, compared to traditional devices, it features a simplified pneumatic circuit, reducing maintenance and repair requirements while minimizing failure rates due to impurity deposition in natural gas. Overall, this innovative device shows promising potential for enhancing the performance of gas over oil valve actuators used as valve actuators in pipeline applications.

In order to study the dynamic response of the Fuel Gas Supply System (FGSS) under complex operating conditions during ship navigation, this paper presents a low-pressure gas supply system designed to match the WinGD5RT-Flex50DF dualfuel engine. The dynamic model of FGSS is established using Aspen HYSYS software, with control strategies for system gas supply pressure, flow rate, and temperature. The dynamic response of FGSS under varying loads, emergency shutdown, emergency loading, and fuel conversion conditions is simulated. The results show that the designed control strategies can effectively and rapidly adjust the pump speed and flow rates of water-glycol (WG) and hot water, ensuring that the gas supply pressure, flow rate, and temperature meet the requirements of the engine and ship safety standards. The dynamic simulation results provide reference for the operation of LNG-fueled ships during actual navigation.

When the flexible rotor has obvious warping or static warping, the over-critical amplitude of the rotor will increase significantly. It is necessary to carry out dynamic balance work to reduce the critical speed amplitude of the rotor. The dynamic balance shows that the existence of warping changes the vibration characteristics of the rotor significantly. To clarify the causes of the above phenomena and optimize the dynamic balance effect of the warped rotor, a Jeffcott warped rotor model is established. Then, the influence of the initial warping on the rotor and the vibration response rule under the joint action of the initial warping and the unbalanced mass are obtained. Finally, a new method for the dynamic balance of the warped rotor is formed. The critical amplitude and operating speed amplitude both meet the limit requirements, and the normal operation of the rotor with large warping is achieved.

This study proposes an improved lightweight YOLOv5s neural network model for efficiently identifying various defects on the surface of solar cells. Firstly, ShuffleNetv2 is used as the backbone feature extraction network in the YOLOv5s network. Secondly, the Triplet Attention attention mechanism is introduced into the backbone network of YOLOv5s.Lastly,the two-dimensional activation function FReLU is used to replace Leaky ReLu. The experimental results show that the improved YOLOv5s model has an average accuracy value of 94.1%, ensuring the detection accuracy of defect targets; At the same time, the floating-point operation amount was reduced by 78.7%, and the model size was reduced by 64.8%, effectively improving the model's lightweight performance.

In response to the inefficiencies and environmental issues associated with traditional medium frequency furnaces that rely on gas or oil heating, this research proposes a novel integrated control technology. This technology incorporates power grid peak shaving, and develops a mathematical model for the furnace to optimize its operation. The study demonstrates significant advantages in flexibility, energy waste reduction, and precise peak shaving and valley filling, compared to non-regulated alternatives.

Combined with the current development trend of the Internet of Vehicles, this paper proposes a predictive energy management strategy based on working conditions for plug-in fuel cell vehicles. First, relying on the micro-traffic simulation platform, based on the use of neural networks to predict changes in road traffic in the future, a method for constructing global operating conditions is proposed. Combining vehicle speed conditions with predictive energy management strategies, introducing final value constraints in the control time domain into model predictive control (MPC), which improves the energy-saving effect of real-time control strategies from a global perspective. The simulation results show that the comprehensive energy-saving effect of the proposed fuel cell vehicle predicted energy management strategy based on working conditions can reach 93.99% of the theoretical optimal control effect.

SF6 gas, commonly used as an insulation and arc-quenching medium in high-voltage electrical equipment, has garnered considerable attention regarding its recovery and treatment after use. Addressing the challenge of calculating and measuring gas recovery rates during on-site operations, this paper proposes an estimation model based on KNN-IChOA-KELM. The approach begins by establishing an SF6 recovery rate estimation model using Kernel Extreme Learning Machine (KELM). To enhance the model's generalization capability, an improved chimpanzee algorithm is employed to optimize the KELM parameters. Subsequently, in cases where certain samples exhibit significant error deviations, the KNearest Neighbors (KNN) algorithm is applied for classification. After classification, the IChOA-KELM model is utilized for SF6 recovery rate estimation. Finally, the proposed method's accuracy is analyzed through comparison with four other estimation methods: IChOA-BP, IChOA-SVM, IChOA-RF, and IChOA-LSTM. Case study results demonstrate that the SF6 recovery rate estimation method presented in this paper achieves at least a 0.07% improvement in Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) and a 0.11% improvement in Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) compared to the other methods.

Basic characteristics of high-speed railway pantograph system, it is required to ensure the stability and safety of pantograph contact during the operation of Electric locomotive, the characteristic is that the current transmission between the pantograph and the catenary is stable, real time monitoring and storage of parameters, the mechanical vibration error of the pantograph and catenary is small, and the operation curve adjustment is fast. Firstly, analyze the design indicators and curve characteristics of the operating parameters of the high-speed pantograph system, propose the structural characteristics of mechanical vibration of pantograph-catenary; Secondly, analyze the principle of mechanical vibration of the pantograph and catenary, as well as the parameter prediction models of DMC, establish a flowchart based on open-loop predictive control algorithm; DMC (Dynamic Matrix Control) is an open-loop control for clustering optimization curves. Its mechanism is to use the dynamic parameter indicators of the pantograph and catenary system as reference inputs, optimization strategy based on online detection and curve adjustment of mechanical vibration of pantograph and catenary. Quantitative relationship between algorithm and system performance, guide the debugging of design parameters in applications. Finally, four sets of pantograph net experiments were detected and analyzed through on-site instruments, theoretical simulation comparison. The optimal solution is obtained based on the DMC open-loop control method, which is superior to GPC (Generalized Predictive Control) generalized closed-loop feedback control.

Rare-earth sulfide SmS is verified to be a potential high-temperature thermoelectric material. However, the relatively high thermal conductivity limits its performance. Although Se alloying can effectively reduce the thermal conductivity, the bandgap becomes wider at the same time and more carrier concentration is required to optimize the electrical performance. A series Sm_1-xY_xS_0.77Se_0.23 (x =0, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07, 0.1) was synthesized by ball-milling combined hot-pressing. X-ray powder results showed all Y-doped samples of Sm_1-xY_xS_0.77Se_0.23 contains tiny Sm₃S₄ phase. When x < 0.1, carrier concentration and electrical conductivity increased obviously, while the Seebeck coefficient changed slightly and remained at a temperature over 850 K. The maximum power factor of Sm_0.97Y_0.03S_0.77Se_0.23 reaches 1.42 mW/m K² at 1023 K. The thermal conductivity of Sm_1-xY_xS_0.77Se_0.23 (x <0.1) increased a little due to the increase of electron thermal conductivity but still smaller than pristine. The maximum zT 1.11 was obtained at 1023K, which is about 68% higher than that of pristine SmS.

In order to improve the adhesion performance of track shoes on soft soil ground, analyze the components and influencing factors of track shoe adhesion, research the theoretical model of track shoe and soft ground adhesion based on the classical soil mechanics theory, and consider the influence of bulldozing effect on the coupling effect of track shoe and ground, conduct in-depth research on the bulldozing effect mechanism of track shoe in the traction process, further complete the theoretical model of track shoe adhesion, and use different types of track shoe to carry out track shoe soil groove traction test to verify the accuracy of the theoretical model. The research results show that the track shoe adhesion model established after considering the bulldozing effect and shear displacement is more in line with the actual working conditions of the track shoe soil groove traction test. The accuracy of the improved theoretical model in predicting the maximum adhesion of track shoes under three load cases is increased by 30%~41%, and the accuracy of the model under comprehensive conditions is increased by 38.10%.

A new type of high-strength gear called the involute cylindrical gear has been invented. Using Creo software, a parametric modeling of the involute cylindrical gear was performed based on the tooth flank geometry equations and ideal meshing analysis. This was accomplished by utilizing the geometric parameters of the complete involute cylindrical gear based on the curve equations in the Cartesian coordinate system as well as the tooth profile equation. Ansys created a size-based analysis model of the involute cylindrical gear based on the precise gear parameter model and compared its stress distribution under heavy, medium, and light load conditions with that of a helical gear. The analysis results are as follows: (1) Whether it is a small gear or a large gear, the maximum equivalent tensile stress at the tooth root of the involute cylindrical gear is close to the middle tooth pitch, and the root stress decreases after an initial increase. (2) The instantaneous contact line during the meshing of the involute cylindrical gear is longer, which significantly improves the tooth contact strength. (3) Under light load conditions, the involute cylindrical gear withstands 67.3% of the maximum load capacity of the helical gear. Under medium load conditions, the tooth contact stress of the involute cylindrical gear accounts for 64.7% of the heavy load, and the exposure stress of the involute cylindrical gear accounts for 32.2% of the helical gear. (4) The tooth contact strength of the involute cylindrical gear is also excellent. Compared to helical gears, the involute cylindrical gear is more suitable for applications under heavy load conditions.

The combustion characteristics in cylinder of spark ignition engine fueled with gasoline, aviation kerosene and diesel are studied by simulation method. The combustion process of different fuels are compared and analysed from the aspects of combustion pressure and temperature in the cylinder, combustion heat release heat rate, flame surface development and so on. The results show that: the maximum detonation pressure and maximum combustion temperature in the cylinder of spark ignition engines fueled with gasoline, kerosene and diesel decrease in turn, the angle corresponding to the detonation pressure in gradually postponed, and the pressure rise rate is gradually increased. But the trend gradually slowed down. And at the same ignition advance angle, the deflagration tendency of the engine after burning three fuels gradually increases. The research results will lay a foundation for ignition, combustion system matching and optimization of spark ignition engine. What is more, it can provide theoretical guidance for the engineering application of heavy oil in spark ignition engine.

The resilient wheel can effectively reduce the high-frequency vibration and impact between the wheel and rail to the vehicle carbody, and reduce the wheel-rail noise, which is widely used in light rail transit. At present, resilient wheels have extensively applied in trams with good vibration and noise reduction effect. However, in the practical application process, the sluggish movement of resilient wheels has frequently happened and affected the safety of vehicle operation. In order to solve this problem, this paper studies the causes of various kinds of wheel slide problems, and finally puts forward the solutions and suggestions.

The optimal parameterization of ship resistance poses a complex engineering problem involving issues such as solution space sampling, to address this problem, this study presents a solution by comparing six optimization frameworks formed by two surrogate models and three evolutionary algorithms. The proposed solution involves the DE-RBF combination. Building upon an existing sample set, surrogate models, including Radial Basis Function (RBF) neural network and Kriging model, were employed to establish mathematical relationships between input design variables and resistance performance. Using these surrogate models as a foundation, the study applied Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Differential Evolution (DE), and Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) to optimize water resistance. Experimental results confirm the significant optimization effect of the surrogate model-evolutionary algorithm framework for ship resistance. Among them, the DE-RBF combination exhibits superior performance in finding the optimal parameter combination for ship resistance performance. Numerical experiments demonstrate that this frame effectively reduces ship resistance, with a 56% reduction compared to the initial resistance value of the original ship model.

To enhance the grid connection reliability of distributed photovoltaic power plants, a hybrid prediction model integrating a convolutional neural network and short-term memory is proposed. Spatial features are extracted via CNN, while LSTM captures temporal dependencies in power generation data. Initially, leveraging clustering and partitioning of weather data, the Pearson correlation coefficient method is employed to analyze correlations between meteorological factors (e.g., solar radiation, temperature, relative humidity) and photovoltaic power generation. Subsequently, the Sparrow Search Algorithm is applied to optimize the prediction model. Experimental findings using photovoltaic power generation data in Dingbian County reveal that the Sparrow Optimization Algorithm significantly enhances prediction accuracy and improves the scheduling stability of distributed photovoltaic power stations.

To enhance fuel efficiency and address the challenge of high computational demands associated with Model Predictive Control (MPC), which hinders real-time implementation in the energy management of hybrid propulsion tugs, this paper proposes an Energy Management Strategy (EMS) based on Explicit Model Predictive Control (EMPC). Initially, a parallel hybrid propulsion tug system model consisting of a diesel engine, electric motor, energy storage system, and gearbox is established. Subsequently, by formulating the energy management optimal control problem with fuel consumption and emissions as the objective function, the problem is transformed into a multi-parameter quadratic optimization problem. The EMPC control law is obtained by offline solving the multi-parameter quadratic optimization problem. Finally, simulation results under typical operating conditions demonstrate that the EMPC-based energy management strategy improves fuel efficiency by 18.9% and reduces the strategy implementation time by 90.9%, showcasing its significant potential for engineering applications.

In this paper, the ram air outlet pipe can not be installed due to space limitations, and the aerodynamic performance of the ram air pipe among different bending radius and local calibration of pipe is analyzed. In the paper, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method is used to calculate flow field of the aircraft to evaluate the ram air outlet performance. At first, the CFD method is used to calculate the reliability of calculation, and then the outlet pipe R/D (1.6,2.3,2.6,2.9) is analyzed and other different cases are calculated, the results show that the larger the radius is, the smaller the outlet flow mass, when R/D is greater than 1.5,the outlet flow rate is basically unchanged, however, the strengthening eddy leads to greater drag coefficient which is increased by 56.4% or so, at the same time the outlet pipe flow is analyzed. Finally, the different calibration states of outlet pipe are calculated and it is found that the flow rate is basically unchanged when the calibration depth is less than 3.5mm,however the flow rate is changed from 4% to 5.8% when calibration depth is 6.5mm. the flow field is analyzed at the same time. the above analysis has important guiding significance for application of batch production in future.

In order to study the vibration characteristics of centrifugal pumps in nuclear power plants when structural resonance occurs, the quantitative relationship between vibration amplification factor of resonance point, system quality factor and natural frequency offset is obtained by analyzing the mechanical model of pumps during operation. Based on the relationship between the static deformation of the system structure and the supporting structure of the centrifugal pump, the research method of the contribution of the natural frequency offset to the vibration reduction of the centrifugal pump is analyzed. Combined with the vibration exceeding the standard caused by the resonance of a centrifugal pump in plant, the sensitivity factor of the natural frequency to the resonance prevention is summarized. The relevant conclusions can be used in the prevention and control analysis of the pump resonance in engineering practice validity, and provide an important reference for the pump design and vibration fault diagnosis of rotating equipment in nuclear power plants.

This passage elucidates a research endeavor focused on addressing electromagnetic vibration challenges within permanent magnet synchronous motors. The narrative commences with an analytical derivation of the radial electromagnetic force expression in permanent magnet synchronous motors, employing the Maxwell tensor method. A comprehensive summary detailing the orders and frequencies of the electromagnetic force is presented. Subsequently, a spatiotemporal order table is introduced, encapsulating the principal electromagnetic forces in an 8-pole 48-slot motor. The research methodology involves a meticulous simulation analysis on an internally configured permanent magnet synchronous motor featuring an 8-pole 48-slot design. Various magnetic barrier structures are systematically modeled utilizing finite element analysis. The ensuing investigation explores the influence of diverse magnetic barrier structures on the amplitudes of radial electromagnetic forces, specifically focusing on (0th, 6f₀) and (0th, 12f₀) frequencies. In comparison to the prototype motor, the enhanced motor demonstrates significant improvements in performance. Specifically, at the rated speed of 3000 rpm, there is a 7.96% reduction in the 10f₀ noise and a 16.293% reduction in the 12f₀ noise. At a speed of 6000 rpm, the 6f₀ noise decreases by 2.243%, and the 14f₀ noise decreases by 17.661%. Furthermore, the torque pulsation coefficient experiences a substantial reduction of 33.76%.

With the increasing penetration of distributed photovoltaic power stations in the power system, a hybrid optimization method, PSO-CNN-GRU, is proposed to ensure the secure and stable operation of the power grid. Utilizing CNN feature extraction and GRU model modeling, this method enhances the accuracy and robustness of photovoltaic power prediction. The improved PSO algorithm exhibits global optimization capability, facilitating the faster and more accurate determination of optimal hyperparameters for CNN-GRU. Finally, simulations are conducted using data from the He 19- 46 power station in the Changqing Oilfield. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method outperforms various other models in terms of predictive accuracy. The results validate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed approach in enhancing predictive accuracy. This research is crucial for accurate photovoltaic power prediction, offering valuable insights for the sustainable development of power systems.

The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of single-junction chalcogenide solar cells has reached 25.7% at this stage, which is close to the limit of photoelectric conversion efficiency of single-junction perovskite cells. And the proposed method by using multi-junction solar cells provides an effective way to further break through the limiting efficiency. In this paper, we study TiO2/CsFAPbIBr/Spiro-OMeTAD and n-a-Si/i-a-Si/n-c-Si/i-a-Si/p-a-Si tandem stacked solar cells, and the effect of the thickness of the chalcogenide active layer on the cell performance is investigated for the purpose of optimizing the cell performance. The results show that appropriately increasing the thickness of the chalcogenide layer enhances the effective absorption of photons and thus improves the cell performance, but when the thickness of the chalcogenide layer is larger than the carrier diffusion length, the carrier complex enhancement leads to a decrease in the cell performance. According to the simulation results, adjusting the thickness of the top cell of chalcogenide in the structure to 380 nm can effectively improve the PCE of the stacked solar cell up to 30.69%.

The study calculated the steady flow field, transient flow field and aerodynamic noise of a variable cross section pipe by combining ANSYS Fluent with LMS Virtural. Lab. The analysis included the streamline, flow velocity, pressure, and turbulent flow energy of the steady flow field, as well as the noise characteristics at the pipe exit. The pipe's aero-acoustic performance was optimised, and the flow field and acoustic performance of the optimized pipe were analysed. The research indicates that the vortices, pressure loss and aero-acoustics can be reduced by adding a chamfer or fillet at the abrupt change of pipe cross section. The chamfer is more effective in reducing vortices, while the fillet is more effective in reducing pressure loss and pipe noise. This research provides valuable insights for designing low-noise pipes.

Dissolved gas analysis(DGA) in oil is one of the most effective methods for diagnosing internal insulation faults in transformers. Transformer oil possesses stable chemical properties at high temperatures and is primarily used for insulation and cooling in power equipment, requiring high dielectric strength and low viscosity. However, during prolonged operation, factors such as oxidation, contamination, and high temperatures can cause degradation and decomposition of transformer oil, leading to insulation defects. If not detected and repaired promptly, these issues can result in failures. This paper employs the identification of dissolved gas characteristic parameters in transformer oil based on a trapezoidal model to enhance the accuracy of transformer fault discrimination based on dissolved gas analysis. The approach was tested using dissolved gas data from transformers in a specific region in Northeast China, yielding the expected results. After more than 25 iterations, the accuracy of transformer fault detection reached 78%-80%.

As the basic guarantee for power distribution, navigation control, motion control and underwater operation of ROV, power transmission system provides energy security for ROV. Reasonable power transmission system design is an important guarantee for ROV comprehensive performance. In the design of the power transmission system, the high-voltage and power-frequency transmission has the characteristics of small transmission current but large volume of underwater transformer. The medium-voltage and medium-frequency transmission has the characteristics of small volume but low transmission efficiency of the underwater transformer. In order to reduce the energy loss caused by the long-distance transmission of medium-voltage and medium-frequency power electricity in the armored cable, reduce the volume of the underwater transformer, and solve the conflict between the efficiency and the volume, this paper presents an ROV power transmission method based on matrix transformation. This method conducts the long-distance transmission in the armored cable by the high-voltage and power-frequency method so as to reduce transmission loss. By increasing the transmission frequency in the underwater end, the volume of the underwater transformer is reduced under the condition of ensuring the transmission efficiency. In this way, the space occupied by the transformer on the ROV can be reduced to meet the application requirements of the ROV underwater transformer device with small volume, high power and efficient transmission.

A cartridge relief valve is designed to meet the needs of subsea hydraulic systems. The working conditions of the deep sea hydraulic system are quite different from those of the land system, and its working characteristics need to be studied. A simulation model of the relief valve is created by Solidworks, and the leakage and deformation characteristics of the relief valve with sea depth are analysed by CFD and FEA methods respectively. The analysis shows that in the full range of sea depth, the designed relief valve internal leakage with the change of sea depth and a significant decrease in the trend; by the sea water temperature and pressure caused by the deformation of not more than 1 micron, its impact on the internal leakage is negligible, the basic cause of the change in leakage of the medium viscosity of the deep sea environment to produce a significant increase. The results of this study have a certain guiding role in the design and analysis of deep-sea relief valves.

The brake disc is a crucial component of an automobile's disc brake system, responsible for dissipating the majority of heat generated during braking. Efficient heat dissipation is essential for effective braking, and it relies on the convective heat transfer coefficient of the brake disc. However, accurately measuring this coefficient is challenging due to continuously changing flow fields caused by vehicle speed and rotation. Existing methods often lack precision, neglect the influence of position and involve complex computations. To address these issues, this study establishes a relationship between the convective heat transfer coefficient at different heights and flow velocity using high-precision small samples and wind tunnel tests. Through interpolation based on the FLUENT software's simulation of the brake disc's flow field distribution, the convective heat transfer coefficient distribution is obtained. This allows the prediction of coefficient values corresponding to different flow velocities. Validated through comparison with experimental data using an ABAQUS model, the proposed method effectively predicts the brake disc's convective heat transfer coefficient, enabling accurate analysis of cooling and temperature reduction processes.

Raising the speed and transporting heavy load standards are effective measures to improve the railway transportation capacity for coal and become the trend of railway development. Wheels as an important component of locomotives, their safety and reliability are also related to the operation of the train and its operational safety. This paper mainly analyzes and calculates the influence of the size of inclusions in the wheel rims of the train and predicts their service life. The mainly reason of cracks in the wheel rim is due to inclusions generated during the wheel molding. During the operation, the inclusions in the wheel rim break under the action of contact stress to form holes, leading to the generation of cracks and the ultimate fracture. The Hertz theory and the Goodier equation are used to calculate the wheel-rail contact stress and the stress concentration factor of inclusions and cavities in the rim, respectively. By using the wheel-rail contact stress and the Murakami formula, the size of inclusions that crack without depth can be calculated and use S-N curve to predict fatigue life.

As the key equipment in the field of power transmission and transformation, gas-insulated switchgear plays an important role in the safe and stable operation of power systems. However, due to the sealing characteristics of gas-insulated switchgear, the heat dissipation conditions are poor and the temperature rise problem is particularly serious. In this paper, a gas-insulated switchgear with nitrogen as the insulation gas was designed, and the temperature of the designed switchgear was analyzed by the finite element method, on this basis, designing switchgear internal and external circulation cooling systems to reduce temperature rise. The temperature rise of the designed switchgear device was measured on-site. The experimental results showed that the contact temperature was lower than 65 degrees Celsius, which met the requirements.

The fuel cell power system of forklifts mainly has two characteristics: highly concentrated components and limited space. The problem faced in the design of the cooling circuit is how to design the circuit in a confined space to meet the heat dissipation needs of various components. The thermal management system matching 42kW fuel cell system was designed. The thermal management system structure is built according to the spatial layout of the locomotive and the functional division of the fuel cell system, and the heat transfer requirements of the reactor cooling cycle and the power electronic cooling cycle are analyzed and calculated. Finally, two thermal management system design schemes are given according to the heat transfer requirements and matching component characteristics. Through the system design of integration, module design and strategy optimization, the demand of high power heat dissipation in limited vehicle body space is met.

By constructing a complete power plant model and using the idea of coupling simulation, this paper analyzes the energy utilization characteristics of vehicles under the influence of different environmental factors. It is found that with the decrease of environmental temperature, the overall energy consumption of vehicles is reduced by about 10.8%, the driving energy ratio is increased by about 1.9%, the exhaust energy ratio is reduced by about 3.0%, and the heat dissipation energy ratio is increased by about 5.1%. The energy consumption of the fan is reduced by about 6.2%. Based on the change in the proportion of vehicle energy, the cause analysis is carried out, and previous studies are made for heavy vehicles to adapt to different environments.

Aiming at the problem that a single model will be insufficient for predicting the remaining life of the equipment, a life prediction model with multi-model integration for turbofan engine is designed. Firstly, the turbofan engine dataset is discretized by the clustering algorithm, and the unbalanced sample data are oversampled; then the dataset is split according to the discretization results; the feature set is filtered by the information gain method; then the XGBoost algorithm is used to establish the Regression-Classification-Regression (R-C-R) life prediction model; finally, the predicted value of life span was derived by the integration method. The results show that the model designed in this paper is much better than the single XGBoost algorithm model, in which the root mean square error (RMSE) is reduced by 26% and the accuracy is improved by 31.2%.

D-H parameter method is employed to conduct forward kinematic analysis of the dexterous hand in this article, in order to obtain the mechanical performance of the SMA biomimetic flexible dexterous hand for object grasping. The D-H parameters of the dexterous hand are determined, and the position expression of the fingertip relative to the base coordinate is obtained through theoretical calculations. Furthermore, inverse kinematic theoretical analysis of the biomimetic dexterous hand is conducted to obtain the joint angle parameters of each finger. A forward kinematic simulation model of the biomimetic dexterous hand is established, and the relationship between finger joint angles and fingertip position curves is obtained through simulation. The simulation results are compared with the theoretical analysis results to validate the correctness of the kinematic analysis of the dexterous hand, providing insights for its optimized design.

This article focuses on the key modified components that affect air resistance of a certain commercial vehicle model, including the air deflector, rearview mirror, and front face assembly. Through CFD numerical simulation method, multiple schemes of aerodynamic drag reduction optimization design are carried out for streamlined air deflector, rearview mirror, and front face assembly. At the same time, reserve schemes of aerodynamic drag reduction optimization design are also carried out for the modified vehicle model. On the one hand, the measured drag reduction effect of each optimized component was verified through actual vehicle wind tunnel tests. The results showed that compared to the current state, the new modified state had an effective drag reduction effect. Among them, the new modified state of the wide box model achieved a drag reduction of 16.6%, the new narrow box model achieved a drag reduction of 7.6%, and the new rearview mirror achieved a drag reduction of 8 counts, The new front exterior assembly (front bumper, front grille, corner panel, and headlights) achieved a drag reduction of 9 counts. In the reserve plan, the addition of tail wings, side skirts, and corrugated surfaces to the cargo compartment significantly reduced the drag, achieving a drag reduction of 20.7%.Research and comparison were conducted on the effectiveness, weight, and cost of reducing wind resistance of the deflector components. A correlation study was conducted from CFD simulation analysis, wind tunnel testing, fuel consumption simulation analysis, sliding resistance testing, to fuel consumption testing. The power economy simulation results showed that under GVW4.5T state, the wind resistance decreased by 1%, while the comprehensive fuel consumption of C-WTVC decreased by 0.31%.

According to the actual use requirements of a field temperature measurement equipment, to ensure that the equipment can work stably in the harsh and extreme outdoor environment such as humid heat, high temperature and rain, a design scheme of chassis heat dissipation structure is proposed, and a composite heat dissipation scheme of natural heat dissipation in the inner cavity of the equipment, heat pipe heat conduction of the vapor chamber, and forced air cooling and heat dissipation of the equipment shell. Through the electronic product thermal analysis software Icepak, the initial model of the whole machine and the improved heat dissipation model were simulated and analyzed. The simulation results show that the design of the heat dissipation scheme can improve the thermal conduction efficiency between the heat source in the equipment cavity and the equipment box, effectively reduce the temperature of the high temperature module and the whole chassis body inside the equipment, and control the temperature of the heat source in the cavity of the equipment within the specified working temperature range to meet the conditions of device use.

In order to solve the problem of low prediction accuracy caused by intermittency and uncertainty of photovoltaic output, In this paper, a parameter optimization variation mode decomposition (variation mode decomposition) based on sparrow search algorithm (SSA) is proposed. Combined prediction model of VMD and long short-term memory neural network (LSTM). Firstly, Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) was used to analyze the factors affecting PV output. Secondly, the core parameters of VMD (k value and penalty factor coefficient α) are automatically optimized by SSA. After decomposing the original PV output time series by SSA-VMD, the learning parameters in LSTM are optimized by SSA, and the SSALSTM prediction model is established for each sub-sequence obtained by decomposition. Finally, the predicted values of each subsequence are superimposed and the final predicted values are obtained. The measured data of a PV power station in Xizang Autonomous Region are used to verify the results. The results show that the prediction accuracy of the proposed combined model SSA-VMD-LSTM is significantly improved compared with the original model LSTM and the unoptimized model VMD-LSTM. Therefore, the SSA parameter optimization method can effectively improve the prediction accuracy of VMD-LSTM combined model, and is more adaptable in PV output prediction.

The thermal evaluation of spacecraft, particularly when accounting for elements of uncertainty, is fundamentally integral to validating the dependability and resilience of a spacecraft's thermal control system design. Nevertheless, uncertainty thermal analysis predicated on the original model entails a substantial computational burden. Within the context of this research, we advocate for the adoption of the external heat flux expansion-Gebhart (EHFE-Gebhart) algorithm as an alternative to the original model in conducting spacecraft thermal analysis computations. The spacecraft's thermal field is resolved utilizing the EHFE-Gebhart model, enabling the examination of the thermal field's uncertainty information. This investigation encompasses statistical elements such as the mean value, standard deviation, and the probability density distribution. Comparative scrutiny of the uncertainty parameters between the EHFE-Gebhart model and the original model affirms the proposed method's distinctive merits in terms of accuracy and efficiency. Consequently, this approach offers a proficient resolution to the prevailing issue of upholding computational efficacy whilst ensuring the precision of the uncertainty thermal analysis for spacecraft.

Circulating water pump is one of the auxiliary equipment with large power consumption in the power plant, and its power consumption accounts for about 10% ~ 25% of the power consumption of the plant. A power plant added the #1 and #3 circulating jellyfish tube contact doors and implemented the two-speed transformation of the circulating pump motor, which not only increased the flexibility and economy of the circulating water system regulation but also increased the complexity and blindness of the circulating water system regulation. The simulation calculation and field test show that the relationship between the total inlet flow of the condenser and the total power consumption of the circulating pump is linear and the trend is similar under different numbers of units and different numbers of circulating pumps.

This paper presents a distributed scheduling strategy for the electric and heat supply system of an intelligent community, aiming to balance the privacy of participants and the backup power requirements of the external grid. First, a distributed supply architecture that encourages collaboration between property owners and residents while safeguarding privacy is presented. Subsequently, the cooperative operation model of the system is established by developing the regulation capabilities of various loads and devices within the community and backup power constraints. Additionally, the model is solved by using the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) algorithm. Finally, simulation results demonstrate that this strategy ensures privacy and cost reduction, and provides backup power to the external grid, offering a fresh perspective on the operation of community microgrids.

To improve the fuel economy of hybrid electric vehicles, the structure of a power-split hybrid power system based on the Ravina double-row planetary gear mechanism is studied, and the mathematical control model of the system is established. At the same time, the working modes are analyzed by using the equivalent lever diagrams. Two energy management strategies based on rule and dynamic programming are designed, and economic performance simulations are performed. The results show that, compared with the rule-based strategy, the engine fuel consumption of NEDC and WLTC based on the dynamic programming strategy is reduced by 10.47% and 4.71%, respectively.

The high-speed photography system, constant volume bomb system, corresponding control system, and data acquisition system were used to collect the spray properties of air-assisted injection diesel and kerosene. The spray characteristics of diesel and kerosene at the same jet impulse width, injection impulse width, oil-gas interval impulse width, and injection pressure were compared and analyzed. The results show that under the same test conditions, the penetration length of diesel is larger than that of kerosene. As the injection impulse width and oil-gas interval change, the spray changes. The spray cone angle of kerosene is proportional to the injection impulse width and inversely proportional to the jet impulse width, which is the same as diesel. Moreover, the spray penetration length and spray cone angle of the two fuels are in direct ratio to the injection pressure. In addition, the cone angle of diesel spray is generally smaller than that of kerosene spray under the same pressure.

The aerospace propulsion system has put forward an urgent demand for high-density, low-pressure storage, and in-orbit reusable propellant tanks for low-temperature propellants. The surface tension management technology of low-temperature propellants has become the main factor affecting their in-orbit applications. This paper introduces the technological progress of channel type surface tension propellant management devices in the aerospace field both domestically and internationally, with a focus on the technical application of low-temperature propellant surface tension propellant management devices. The internal flow resistance of a low-temperature liquid krypton fully managed surface tension propellant tank was calculated and analyzed. Based on the establishment of a mathematical model for the internal flow resistance distribution of the propellant management device, a detailed analysis was conducted on the flow situation of each part. The flow resistance distribution of each part of the propellant management device was obtained under various states and flow conditions, as well as the relationship between the flow resistance distribution of the management device and the total flow rate.

The safety and economy of ship navigation will be impacted by the randomness of meteorology and the timeliness of the forecasting system, thus it is essential to take this into account when optimizing ship speed. A mathematical model of a hybrid diesel-electric ship is first established. Using the k-means clustering method, typical scenarios of prediction mistakes are produced while taking into account the uncertainty of wind speed and wave height predictions in meteorological data. Based on this, a stochastic optimization-based energy management and speed optimization model for hybrid ships is established and solved by an improved particle swarm algorithm. The simulation results confirm the superiority of the suggested model in lowering the ship's fuel consumption and enhancing safety and stability.

The boost voltage strategy of the hybrid system is based on the boost mode management, the boost target voltage decision, and the boost PI control. The specific contents are as below: boost mode control. The boost mode includes the initial mode, normal mode, shutdown mode, and fault mode. The boost converter is controlled by a variable voltage depending on the operating state of the motor and generator. The main loss of the motor system has the following four categories: motor loss, inverter loss, booster IGBT loss, and boost inductor loss. All of the above losses are voltage-dependent. The system loss can be reduced by the optimized voltage. To improve the overall performance of the voltage control strategy, the voltage control strategy of the boost converter is dynamically adjusted. The busbar voltage is optimized by feeding back the motor running state and transmitting it to the converter in real time. The vehicle results are conducted, and the power at 6500 rpm is increased by approximately 117% (from 71 kW to 155 kW) when the voltage is boosted from 250 V to 450 V. The acceleration performance of the high-speed is enhanced, and the dynamic performance of the vehicle is improved.

With the guidance and support of the policy, the market demand for solar photovoltaic panels will continue to expand. To reduce the energy consumption of polysilicon reduction furnace and improve the quality, a numerical model of a 24-pair silicon rod polycrystalline silicon reduction furnace is constructed in the present study, and the coupling calculation of convection and radiation is carried out by using the SST K-ω model and the DO radiation model. The flow field and temperature field in the reduction furnace affected by various process parameters are discussed to explore the mechanism of action. The results show that the deposition rate of polysilicon increases with the increase of feed gas inlet velocity, the increase of operating pressure and the decrease of H² ratio.

Vortex drag reduction tool based on wall attachment effect has simple structure and high reliability, and has wide application scenarios in coiled tubing drilling. And now, the research on this tool mostly focuses on the impact of wall attachment effect on tool oscillation performance, and the research on the impact of vortex number on tool oscillation performance is less. Therefore, this paper establishes a numerical model of vortex drag reduction tool based on Computational fluid dynamics, Analyze and compare the oscillation performance generated by single vortex drag reduction tools, double vortex drag reduction tools, three vortex drag reduction tools, and four vortex drag reduction tools. The research results show that all four drag reduction tools can produce good oscillation performance. The drag reduction tool using positive feedback method produces better oscillation performance than the reverse feedback method, while the dual eddy current drag reduction tool can generate better pressure drop and oscillation frequency compared to the other three eddy current drag reduction tools, and the oscillation process is also more stable. The results of this study have important guidance for the rational optimum design of vortex structure parameters drag reducing tool.

Voltmeter defect detection is a critical component in the calibration pipeline of electric meters. Traditional calibration methods heavily rely on manual inspection, resulting in time-consuming procedures with high rates of misjudgment. The scarcity of authentic samples containing defects poses challenges in constructing a sufficiently abundant dataset for defect samples. However, current Deformable DETR demonstrates suboptimal performance on small-scale datasets. One factor contributing to its underperformance on small-scale datasets is the excessive redundancy present in queries within the encoder, posing challenges for the model to effectively concentrate on objects. Moreover, the Hungarian matching in Deformable DETR results in a scarcity of positive examples, which hampers convergence speed. This paper introduces enhancements to Deformable DETR, including a sparse encoder and a hybrid matching mechanism, aimed at resolving the slow convergence problem on small-scale datasets. Finally, extensive experiments on our dataset validate the superior effectiveness of our proposed method, achieving the best performance in defect detection.

Transmission line sag is an important index of safe and stable operation in the process of transmission line pay-off, and real-time monitoring has become an important research topic at home and abroad. In the process of pay-off, the tractive force and the change of pay-off environment may lead to the sag change of the transmission line. If the sag is too small, the tension of the wire will increase and the wire will break easily. If the sag is too large, the wire will dance easily. For the sag of overhead transmission line in the process of pay-off, how to measure the result quickly and accurately is an important problem. Based on computer vision technology and image processing technology, the feasibility of the scheme is determined by measuring and calculating the traverse sag of overhead transmission line.

In view of the characteristics of complex action types and large action ranges in the normal operation of many people in the operation environment of deep foundation pits in electric power, and the problems of missing detection and misdetection of small targets are easy to occur in the process of conventional target detection, a method is proposed to add SE attention module to the backbone network, which can improve the degree of attention to the target by adjusting the weight of channel features adaptively. And use GIoU instead of default CIoU to calculate regression box losses. The experimental simulation shows that when the intersection ratio threshold of the improved algorithm is 0.5, the average precision of the improved algorithm is 1.3% higher than that of the YOLOv5s algorithm. These improved measures are used in the complex environment of electric power deep foundation pit operation, especially when the detection target and the background color are confused. It is helpful to improve the performance and robustness of target detection algorithm and reduce the occurrence of missing and false detection.

SF₆ is widely used in the main insulation of current transformers at 66 kV and above due to its superior insulation performance. However, in the context of global climate change, SF₆ will be more strictly restricted. Therefore, developing new environmentally friendly current transformers suitable for high voltage levels is crucial for the green development of China's power grid. Based on the traditional SF₆ inverted current transformer structure, this article adopts a colorless, odorless, non-toxic, and highly degradable clean air Blue as an environmentally friendly insulation material, and designs and develops a prototype of a 110 kV inverted current transformer. This mainly includes two aspects. Firstly, a simulation model of a 110 kV inverted current transformer was constructed, and the maximum internal electric field strength values under different load conditions were compared and analyzed. The study found that as the load current increased, the electric field strengthened. At a 120% load rate, the electric field strength value was 13.3 kV/mm; The second is to compare the measurement accuracy of the environmentally friendly current transformer, traditional inverted transformer, and SF₆ current transformer designed in this article under different load conditions. Through experiments, it is found that the current transformer designed in this article has a maximum difference of 33.33% and 17.65% compared to the traditional inverted transformer and SF₆ current transformer, and a maximum increase of 23.87% and 8.16% in angle difference, respectively, The experimental results show that the proposed design scheme meets the measurement accuracy of 0.1S level.

Based on the DB HiTek 0.18 CMOS process, this paper presents an improved dynamic current comparator. This circuit operates effectively under a power supply voltage of 1.2V with an error margin of ±10%. By employing digital logic feedback technology, the comparator's output is latched after the comparison, and a logic circuit controls the comparator's shutdown. The circuit only consumes dynamic power, reducing the average power consumption. Using Cadence software for simulation, the results indicate that the improved current comparator achieves a comparison accuracy of 50nA, dynamic power consumption of 126uw, average power consumption ranging from 10% to 80% of dynamic power, a delay of 10.55 ns, and is minimally affected by process variations. It is suitable for low-voltage, low-power current-mode integrated circuits.

At present, the detection technology for single-phase grounding faults in small current grounding systems has gradually matured, and the on-site application effect is gradually improving. However, there is relatively little research on the consecutive grounding faults at two points across the line. This article focuses on the transient characteristics of two consecutive grounding faults with the same and different phases in a small current grounding system. A transient equivalent circuit model is established, and the transient characteristics of single-phase grounding fault lines are analyzed. The variation law of transient characteristics of fault lines with different fault conditions is obtained. Based on this, a cross line two point sequential grounding fault line selection method based on continuous detection of fault transient quantities is proposed, and the correctness and feasibility of the proposed method are verified through digital simulation.

The existing underground power pipeline laying path optimization methods only study the problem of the shortest path length, and do not restrict the bending rate and bending times of the laying path. Therefore, the obtained laying path has limitations. In order to further make the path optimization method more applicable to the actual situation. This paper presents an optimization method of underground power pipeline laying path based on conditional constraint A-star algorithm. Firstly, Manhattan distance is set as the estimation function to improve the efficiency of the traditional A-star algorithm; Then, the conditional constraint weight is introduced into the evaluation function to construct the evaluation function based on length, bending rate and bending times; Finally, the optimal path result is obtained by the A-star algorithm with conditional constraints. The simulation experiment is carried out by MATLAB software. The results show that the A-star algorithm with conditional constraints can get the underground power pipeline laying path more in line with the actual needs.

The power MOSFET is a crucial component in power electronics technology, playing a key role in achieving efficient electricity transformation, power regulation and processing, as well as energy allocation. It is commonly employed as a switch in vehicle power applications. Power devices are particularly sensitive to fluctuations in supply voltage, especially when operating within a wide input voltage range and integrated into high-voltage power modules. Exceeding the rated upper limit of the input voltage can result in localized temperature rise, excessive power dissipation, and potentially lead to breakdown damage. This paper presents a novel over-voltage protection circuit for power semiconductor devices, utilizing multi-mode protection trigger technology. The proposed circuit is specifically designed for newly-developed power integrated circuits, offering improved anti-noise capability, faster response and recovery speed, and high hysteresis reliability to mitigate frequent triggering. Through simulation, the circuit is validated to ensure stable operation of the power MOSFET below the safety.

In the independent and controllable intelligent substation, the reliable operation of the automation equipment is the premise and guarantee of the stable operation of the substation. Independent and controllable automation equipment uses a large number of domestic chip products to replace imported chips. Compared with imported chips, application time of domestic chip products is short, the operation experience is very insufficient. This paper first analyzes the data that can be monitored by the independent and controllable chip and the characteristics of the corresponding data. Then, the algorithm characteristics of gray-scale prediction model GM (1,1) and its applicability and superiority in chip monitoring are analyzed, so as to construct the chip-level state monitoring system of the independent and controllable automation equipment combining gray-scale model and expert system. Finally, combined with the actual operation data of the equipment, the accuracy of the gray model prediction data and the practicability of the equipment monitoring system are verified. The results show that this method is effective in equipment state monitoring.

Aiming at the stock transmission line engineering, a reverse modeling method of transmission line GIM model based on laser point cloud is proposed in this paper. First of all, the laser point cloud data of the line channel are collected and classified; then, the point cloud data are imported into the modeling tool to extract the general outline of the transmission line and tower, and build a preliminary model; then, based on the UAV inspection pictures, the insulation substring and hardware are extracted to further refine the transmission tower GIM model. Through the verification of model accuracy, the results show that this research method can make full use of the high precision and rich information of laser point cloud data to quickly construct the three-dimensional model of transmission lines, so as to improve the modeling efficiency and accuracy.

With the rapid development and widespread integration of renewable energy into the grid, fast and precise voltage control in the system has increasingly become a critical issue for power grid companies. Currently, the automatic voltage control strategies used by dispatching organizations do not include MCR+ devices. The existing AVC control strategies for the power grid do not include the new type of MCR+ devices. This study primarily explores the application of MCR+ (Magnetic-Controlled Reactor) technology in reactive power management and voltage control in regional grids. By thoroughly analyzing the grid structure and operational characteristics of new energy convergence areas, this paper establishes a 330kV regional automatic voltage control model incorporating MCR+ as a novel reactive power compensation device. The focus of the research is on optimizing reactive power distribution and enhancing voltage stability using MCR+ technology. Simulation methods were used to verify the performance of MCR+ under various load and generation conditions, demonstrating its potential in improving the grid's dynamic response and stability. The results indicate that MCR+ technology can effectively balance reactive loads and reduce voltage fluctuations, especially in scenarios with high penetration of renewable energy sources. This study provides a new perspective and technological means for reactive power management and voltage control in regional grids, offering important references for achieving more efficient and reliable grid operation.

Online monitoring of the operating losses of distribution transformers can reflect their operational status. This study proposes an online monitoring method that considers the losses of distribution transformers under single-phase grounding conditions. Firstly, a transformer transient model was built in PSCAD software to analyze the loss characteristics of distribution transformers after single-phase grounding occurs in a neutral. Then an algorithm for online monitoring of transformer iron loss and three-phase copper loss values using operating voltage and current data was proposed. Finally the loss values through experiments under two operating conditions and was calculated to conduct online monitoring. The experimental results show that the monitoring method considers the system’s applicability during single-phase grounding operation and is robust to load fluctuations.

In order to continuously and stably provide enough electric energy to users under high load conditions. This paper presents a high load balanced scheduling method for power system based on multi-objective genetic algorithm. Calculate power system transmission link load. Aiming at the defects of genetic algorithm, it is improved to obtain multi-objective genetic algorithm. Combined with two peak-avoiding scheduling methods, this algorithm is used to achieve balanced scheduling of high loads. The experimental results show that: After the application of the research method, the power load fluctuation in this period is more balanced, the load balance is the highest, and the time is shorter.

Power supply rejection ratio (PSRR) and noise are important parameters of low voltage difference linear regulators (LDO), which are widely used in audio circuits. In order to achieve high PSRR and low noise, PSRR enhancement circuit and filter circuit are introduced in the LDO circuit designed in this paper. The LDO circuit designed in this paper is realized by MGN 0.35um process. The simulation analysis of the circuit by Cadence tool shows that the PSRR of the LDO circuit is -79dB at low frequency, which is better than -60dB at high frequency. The output noise is 0.395 uv/ √Hz at 1KHz, and the noise in the frequency range of 10Hz~100 KHz is as low as 32.5uVRMS.

Stray current corrosion has become one of the important failure factors of buried steel pipelines. In this paper, the propagation law of stray current in soil was simulated and analyzed based on Comsol Multiphysics software, and the relationship between the decay law of stray current potential and soil resistivity was obtained. The effect of the damaged area of the anticorrosive layer, soil oxygen concentration, soil pore saturation and other factors on the pipeline ground potential at the inflow and outflow point of stray current is simulated and analyzed. The damaged area of the anticorrosive layer has a more obvious effect, the current density at the defect edge is higher than that at the center, and the outflow stray current density at the damaged point of the anticorrosive layer increases with the decrease of the damaged area of the anticorrosive layer, and the corrosion becomes more intense. Oxygen is mainly consumed at the inflow of stray current, and oxygen reduction reaction occurs. With the increase of soil porosity, the diffusion coefficient of oxygen decreases, while the conductivity of soil electrolyte increases. As the influence of soil electrolyte conductivity is larger than that of oxygen diffusion coefficient, the corrosion becomes more intense with the increase of soil porosity. The research in this paper has important guiding significance for further understanding of stray current corrosion mechanism of buried steel pipelines.

Wireless charging technology is a current research focus, and related theoretical research and applications have developed rapidly. This paper describes the characteristics of the wireless charging coupling structure and the current state of domestic and foreign research. Using COMSOL software, we compare the different shapes of coils and their respective anti-deviation simulations for the magnetic coupling mechanism. Finally, we summarize the future development prospects and key challenges of wireless charging and the coupling structure.

A short-term wind power prediction method based on wind speed correction and spatial data enhancement is proposed. Firstly, considering the discrepancy between the wind speed data in the numerical weather prediction (NWP) and the measured wind speed, a wind speed correction strategy is developed to correct the wind speed. Secondly, the empirical orthogonal function decomposition (EOF) and hierarchical clustering methods are used to divide the wind farms into subregions and select representative wind turbines using the correlation coefficients. Finally, the wind speed information of the representative turbines is integrated to complete the spatial data enhancement session.

Scientific and effective transmission mechanisms are the basis for optimizing the allocation of power resources on a larger scale. Studying the transmission rights mechanism of multi-level power markets will help to efficiently utilize transmission and distribution channels at all levels, scientifically handle congestion surplus, and ultimately contribute to the construction of a unified national power market system. This paper innovatively proposes an initial allocation and settlement model for transmission rights based on the principle of consistent responsibility and rights. The effectiveness of the model is verified through examples. This research can provide a theoretical research basis for the construction of China’s transmission rights market and serve the needs of the construction of a unified national power market system.

To enhance construction safety, we propose a real-time monitoring system using deep learning for detecting falls in complex pit environments. To address this issue, we propose a novel approach that combines human body pose estimation and a Transformer-based method for detecting personnel falls in deep foundation pit operations. Firstly, we extract the key point poses of the human body from the video footage to eliminate interference from complex background information. Then, we encode these estimated key point poses into pose vectors across consecutive frames and use a Transformer network to model the correlation between the sequence of key point poses and personnel fall events. This approach overcomes the limitations of traditional methods that rely on high-quality and large quantities of labeled data, thereby enhancing the ability to detect personnel falls in the deep foundation pit operations of transmission lines. We validate the effectiveness of our proposed method at various deep pit operation sites for transmission lines. The method accurately identifies abnormal events of personnel falls, enabling above-ground managers to promptly perceive the safety conditions of underground operators and take accurate rescue measures. Moreover, our method has potential applications in the power industry and other similar operation scenarios.

In low-voltage distribution circuits, when the load carried by the power supply system is a three-phase balanced load, the current in the circuit contains third harmonic, and the selection of cable cross-section needs to consider multiple factors. When the third harmonic content of the circuit reaches a certain value, when considering the cable cross-section, it is necessary to calculate the current carrying capacity, the setting value of the protective device connected to the cable, and the influence of different harmonic contents. Under different harmonic contents and equal cross-sections of neutral and PE lines, cables may be selected according to the interface of phase or neutral lines. In this article, the cable cross-sections are calculated and studied from the above three aspects, and quantitative analysis is combined with practical cases to provide reference for the selection of low-voltage cables in the power supply and distribution industry.

The smooth operation of power equipment is an important prerequisite for ensuring the production and life of residents. The insulator is an important component in the distribution network system. The defect size of the distribution network line insulator is small, and it is easy to be missing in the outdoor environment for a long time. The traditional target detection algorithm usually makes it difficult to identify the defect. Therefore, this paper proposes an insulator missing detection method based on improved YOLOv7 algorithm. Firstly, the insulator image data in the distribution network line is collected by the UAV; secondly, using the powerful feature extraction ability of the improved algorithm, the insulator is detected from the sample photo, and whether the insulator is normal or not is distinguished. Finally, the accuracy of the method is verified by experiments. The experimental results show that the accuracy of the method is 1.07 % higher than that of the original YOLOv7 algorithm, which can effectively distinguish whether the insulator is missing.

With the rapid development of wind energy, probabilistic forecasting of wind power becomes increasingly crucial for reliable operations of power grids. This paper proposes a wind power interval prediction method based on temporal data soft clustering and similarity measurement (SCSM). First, a soft clustering module is used to cluster wind power data with probabilities. Next, a similarity measurement module assesses the similarity between wind power data based on soft clustering results and generates probability interval predictions by referring to historical prediction errors. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is validated using real wind power data.

The rapid development of Internet of Things technology poses a huge challenge to energy supply. Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) have been in development for several years and have begun to gradually demonstrate its application ability. Currently, a large amount of work is still focused on enhancing its output power, and less research is done on the dissipation of friction surface charge. In this paper, the dynamic equilibrium of the TENG surface charge is discussed and the surface flashover phenomena of dielectric layers, which have not been considered, are investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the surface charge density of the sliding TENG can be enhanced by 20.9% by adding an insulating layer. The study in this paper provides an important reference value for the preparation and commercial application of TENG.

In order to accurately monitor the force deflection of insulator strings in transmission lines, an on-line monitoring device based on real-time running position is introduced in this paper. The device can obtain the spatial coordinate information of the wire in real time, and accurately fit the running state of the wire by using the orthogonal polynomial fitting technique. In addition, the device can also sense the wind deviation and sag of the wire in the running state, which provides a strong guarantee for the safe operation of the transmission line. At the same time, this paper also uses the GIM model of transmission lines to fit the three-dimensional state of transmission lines, which provides a research basis for follow-up icing monitoring, load calculation and tower stability evaluation. This method not only improves the accuracy and efficiency of transmission line monitoring, but also helps to ensure the stable operation of power system.

For offshore wind power, AC cables are used to connect to the power grid. Due to the high charging power of the cables, when the cable is connected beyond a certain distance, it may lead to difficulties in controlling the voltage and current carrying capacity of offshore wind power projects and their grid connection points. In response to the above issues, this article proposes a method of using low-frequency transmission technology to improve the limit AC access distance of offshore wind farms. By utilizing low-frequency transmission technology, the ground capacitance of transmission cables can be increased, thereby reducing charging power and increasing transmission distance. Simulation verification has been conducted in actual power grids, and this method is feasible and effective.

Grid-forming control technology can make power system have active support ability, so it has broad application prospect in new power system. In this paper, the main grid-forming control techniques are systematically introduced and their characteristics are compared. Then, the advantages and disadvantages of different converters for the application of grid-forming control are compared. The application of grid-forming control strategy in high voltage cascaded energy storage system is introduced, and it is pointed out that this topology has natural advantages in the use of grid-forming control. This paper also points out that although the grid-forming equipment is suitable for the development of new power systems, it will also bring new problems to the system. How to balance grid-forming and grid-following converters is still a topic that needs further study.

This paper establishes the single-pole ground fault equivalent circuit of the LVDC ungrounded system, theoretically derives the single-pole ground fault characteristics of the ungrounded system, and obtains the voltage and current dynamic characteristic equations after the single-pole ground fault equivalent circuit. Based on the fault characteristics, a global harmonic signal injection method for active fault identification is proposed to extract the harmonic voltage and current signals after the fault, and use the impedance characteristics to locate the fault. This article not only gives the fault detection process, but also describes the harmonic signal injection method and selection principle in detail. Finally, a simulation model was built in MATLAB/Simulink for verification.

This paper analyzes the background of PREEvision in the field of automotive electronic and electrical architecture, discusses the current application of mainstream automobiles at home and abroad, and discusses the development process of automotive electronic and electrical architecture based on model. Finally, the future application of PREEvision software in electronic and electrical fields is proposed.

The air conditioning compressor-piping system operates under varying load conditions for an extended period, leading to fatigue damage in the piping, which can fail the entire air conditioning system. Therefore, fatigue life analysis of the air conditioning compressor-piping system is crucial in its overall development. To more accurately estimate the fatigue life of the air conditioning compressor-piping system under varying conditions, a fatigue life prediction method is proposed. This method involves loading the identified compressor load time history into a finite element model in ANSYS, conducting time history analysis to determine the fatigue critical nodes, obtaining stress spectra and fatigue characteristic curves (S-N curves) for these critical nodes, and predicting the fatigue life using the three-parameter rainflow counting method and the Miner cumulative damage theory based on acceleration factors. Additionally, strain signals are collected in the vicinity of the critical nodes to calculate fatigue damage. Through experimentation and simulation, the analysis results reflect the fatigue life of the air conditioning compressor-piping system within a certain margin of error.

Power network monitoring devices play a key role in maintaining the health and safety of power networks, so it is important to realize the sustained power supply to the monitoring devices. In this paper, a non-contact self-powered device with electrode-capacitor-electrode (ECE) structure is proposed, which can capture and store the energy of the AC electric field around the high-voltage line, so as to store the electric energy in the capacitor. It is expected to realize the continuous independent power supply to the power grid monitoring equipment. It is demonstrated that when the transmission line voltage is 7kV, the output voltage of the ECE pole plate is up to more than 600V, and 48 LEDs can be lit. For a capacitor with a capacity of 50mF, it only takes about 30 minutes to charge 15V from 5V, and can continuously output a 5 V and 50mA power for about 16 seconds. In addition, it is further found that the output voltage of the rectifier bridge increases as the parallel resistance increases, which makes it possible to effectively control the charging time by controlling the size of the resistance. The proposed self-powered device with electrode-capacitor-electrode structure provides a new energy power supply strategy for grid monitoring devices, which is expected to play an important role in enhancing the stability and reliability of power systems.

The electromagnetic anti-interference test of the vehicle braking system is a mandatory testing item required by the national standard GB 21670-2008 Technical Requirements and Test Methods for Passenger Car Braking Systems. By simulating the scene of electromagnetic interference from the surrounding environment during the actual vehicle operation in a 10 meter semi anechoic chamber, the electromagnetic anti-interference performance of the tested vehicle braking system meets the requirements of the national standard. The brake system testing auxiliary equipment based on BP neural network adaptive PID algorithm and adaptive outlier removal method can solve the error problems caused by testing equipment failures, human factors, etc. in the existing experimental process, obtain real-time ABS working condition data of the automotive brake system, and achieve quantifiable, evaluable, and traceable test data.

In the static and fatigue tests of full-scale aircraft structures, it is necessary to conduct air tightness assessments on key components such as the fuel tank, cockpit, and fuselage. Through air tightness assessment, it can be found whether each component has defects, damage or wear, as well as whether it meets design specifications and quality requirements. If the airtightness of key components is poor and air leakage occurs, it is likely to reduce work efficiency and even cause safety accidents. The airtightness assessment of key components such as fuel tanks, cockpit, and fuselage plays a crucial role in improving the performance and safety of aircraft. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop multi-channel air tightness test loading equipment to solve the urgent need of model test. This paper mainly uses air pressure as the power source, uses mature universal servo control execution components to achieve inflation and deflation control, and designs a dedicated control circuit to process the control signals of the multi-channel loading system. A multi-channel pneumatic servo positive or negative pressure comprehensive control console is developed, and technical verification is carried out. It has been applied in full-scale structural fatigue testing.

In order to solve the problems of white noise generated by data updates caused by dynamic changes in substation equipment and difficulty in identifying GIS equipment signals, a three-dimensional dynamic modeling method for substation GIS equipment based on an improved Res BiGRU model is proposed. The waveform image of the white noise signal is reconstructed by improving the depth residual network. Improved Bidirectional gated cyclic unit structure (BiGRUa), based on improved Res-BiGRU neural network, recognition GIS device signal recognition. Based on this, the 3D dynamic model of power transformation GIS equipment is established by 3D MAXS software, and the color of the 3D dynamic model of power transformation GIS equipment is processed by IHS algorithm to adjust the brightness, hue and saturation of the appearance of the 3D dynamic visual model of power transformation GIS equipment. The experimental results show that: The research method can get better modeling results. At different time, the proposed method can effectively simulate and visually detect the state of the GIS equipment, and the relative disturbance of the proposed method is lowest.